泌阳凹陷大仓房组上部生油性及潜力分析

泌阳凹陷大仓房组上部发育半深湖相 ,其暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高 ,母质类型为Ⅱ1型 ,处于高成熟演化阶段 ,具有较强的生烃潜力。油源对比表明 ,大仓房组原油物性、碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、芳烃色质等特征与核二、核三段原油存在较大的差异 ,而与大仓房组深灰色泥岩的地化特征相似 ,属自生自储。南部陡坡带双河—赵凹—安棚一带是勘探大仓房组的有利地区。

塔里木盆地中中新世有孔虫群及其生态和生油性分析

塔里木盆地中中新统以杂色碎屑岩为特征,主要有砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥岩。呈灰色、灰绿色与棕色、红棕色相间形成“杂色条带”。 有孔虫材料主要采自喀什坳陷,分别为安居安组和吉迪克组。 中中新世卷转虫群大量而广泛地分布在两个近东西向条带区。即喀什坳陷的乌恰至小阿图什、库车拗陷的库车河至库尔勒。这个有孔虫群与Cyprideis littoralis, Cyprinotus dcformis,Limnocythere orgu lata,Cyclocypris sp.,Eucyris sp.及个别轮藻化石共生,故认为是半咸水过渡相有孔虫群,反映为淡化泻湖环境;该沉积对生油较为有利。

Functional evaluation for effective compositions in seed oil of Korean pine

The effect of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) on the rats' blood-fat and its anti-ageing function was stud-ied for appraising the efficacy of the seed oil of Korean pine. Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (half males and half females in each group) as normal control group, high fat diet control group, and three groups (Group 1 Group 2, Group 3) that were fed with feedstuff with the contents of the seed oil of 2.0g/(kgd-1), 4.0g/(kgd-1) and 8.0g/(kgd-1), respec-tively. The indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and anti-oxidation capacity (AOC) were measured by Reagent Kit method. It was found that the seed oil of the Korean pine could reduce the content of triglyc-eride and improve SOD as well as GSH-PX activity in serum. These indexes of the rats in Group 2 fed with Korean pine seed oil of 4.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the significant level and those of rats in Group 3 fed with the seed oil of 8.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the extremely significant level. The results indicated the seed oil of Korean pine had function of regulating the level of blood-fat and anti-ageing.

Antarctic Psychrophile Bacteria Screening for Oil Degradation and Their Degrading Characteristics

Two hydrocarbon degrading bacteria NJ276 and NJ341 were screened from 385 Antarctic marine bacteria and their degrading characteristics were studied. Diesel oil as sole carbon source was used in this study. The results showed that the oil degradation rates of Antarctic psychrophile bacteria NJ276 and NJ341 were 23.47 % and 32.15 %, respectively, after 20 days culturation at 5 ℃, and the rates were 43.95 % and 62.47 % respectively after 20 days culturation at 15 ℃. The oil degradation abilities were enhanced remarkably with the increasing culture temperature. GC - MSs indicated the residual oil contained C15 - C21 7 alkyls after degradation by NJ276, and C16, C17 and C18 3 alkyls after degradation by NJ341. The 16S rDNA gene sequences homology and phylogenetic analysis of the two Antarctic psychrophile bacteria showed that NJ276 belonged to the described genus Pseudoalteromonas and NJ341 belonged to the genus Colwellia.

Screening of Drought-tolerant Brassica napus L.Varieties and Analysis on Their Physiologic and Biochemical Variations under Drought Stress

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen drought-tolerant Brassica napus L. germplasm resources by analyzing their physiological and biochemical changes under drought stress. [Method] Forty varieties of B. napus varieties were cultured under PEG-6000 osmotic stress and extreme drought stress in pots, re- spectively. Then, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase（CAT）, peroxidase（POD） were measured under drought stress. [Result] Sever- al drought-tolerant varieties of B. napus were screened out： YAU200908, Xiangyou No.15, YAU200903, YAU200907, YAU200906 and YAU200904. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid de- creased with drought stress increasing; the contents of proline, soluble sugar, solu- ble protein, MDA and the activities of SOD,CAT, POD raised with drought stress in- creasing. [Conclusion] In the rapeseed varieties with stronger drought tolerance, the decrease in carotenoid content and the increase in proline content, soluble sugar content, MDA content, SOD activity, CAT activity were more obvious, so all these physiological and biochemical indices can be used to evaluate the drought tolerance of rapeseed.

Canonical Correlation Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Brassica juncea in Western China

[Objective] The study aimed at exploring the relationship among the agronomic characters of B. juncea in western China, in order to provide scientific basis for the breeding of B. juncea in western China. [Method] 39 B. juncea materials from western China were used for the canonical correlation analysis, and canonical correlations between each pair of the four ecological character （containing 18 variables） were verified, including yield characters （5 variables）, caulis characters （6 variables）, branch characters （3 variables） and pod characters （3 variables）. [Result] Yield per plant of B. juncea in western China suffered a tremendous influence from effective pod number per plant while was not significantly affected by the total pod number per plant, seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight; the most important character related with the yield character of B. juncea in western China was caulis character, followed by the branch character and pod character; yield characters, caulis characters, branch characters and pod characters of B. juncea in western China were closely correlated. [Conclusion] In order to improve the yield characters of B. juncea in western China, caulis characters should be focused on, followed by branch characters and pod characters; rapeseed varieties with high performance in total pod number per plant and effective pod number per plant should be chosen through the perspectives of effective branch number, plant height, pod number of main inflorescence, fruit stalk number of main inflorescence and other traits, while rapeseed varieties with high performance in seed number per pod and 1 000-seed weight should be chosen through the perspectives of beak length and other traits.

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Biological Traits and Physiological Indexes at Seedling Stage and Yield of Directly-sown Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different nitroge- napplication rates and application times on biological traits and physiological indexes of directly-sown rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） at the seedling stage and investigate the relationship between these biological traits or physiological indexes at the seedling stage and yield, so as to provide scientific theoretical support for high yield and efficient fertilization management in production of winter rapeseed. Field trials were conducted in Chengdu plain of Sichuan Province under rice-rapeseed rotation system during the period of 2011-2012. The nitrogen application rate trial consisted of five nitrogen levels （0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg/hm2） and the nitrogen application time trial included NTl（single application as base fertilized）, NT2 （bottom application ＋one time of topdressing at seedling stage） and NT3 （bottom application＋two times of topdressing at seedling stage） under the same nitrogen rate （225 kg/hm2）. The results indicated that compared with no nitrogen application （NO） treatment, the in- crease of nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of biological traits including plant height, green leaf number, leaf area index and dry weight of rapeseed at the seedling stage, the improvement of physiological indexes including total nitrogen content, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of functional leaves, and the reduction of soluble sugar content. Nitrogen rate was linearly correlated with various biological traits at the seedling stage and physiological indexes including total nitro- gen content, chlorophyll content and soluble sugar content in functional leaves over- a/I, but in parabolic correlation with soluble protein content. Under the same nitrogen rate, NT2 treatment exhibited biological traits remarkably or significantly higher than NT1 treatment and NT3 treatment. The nitrogen application times were linearly cor- related with the physiological indexes of functional leaves at the seedling stage. The various biological traits and physiological index of functional leaves at the seedlings stage were in quadratic function parabolic correlation with seed yield, and the corre- lation was significant （P〈0.05）. Therefore, under the rice-rapeseed rotation system in Chengdu plain, the economic rational nitrogen rate is 180-225 kg/hm2, and the mode of bottom application ＋ one time of topdressing （NT2） is suitable.

Evaluation of Drought Resistance of Olive Varieties from Different Provenances

In order to study olive’s drought resistance in Yunnan province, different varieties of olive trees from Albania, Italy, Spain and Greece were cultured, and leaves from these trees in drought season and rainy season were col ected and determined by physiological indices, such as proline content, relative electric con-ductivity, binding water/free water, relative water content and malon-dialdehyde in leaves. The evaluation of drought resistance with subordinate function showed that：There were no significant differences among drought resistances of varieties and provenances. The change of physiological indices in different varieties showed differ-ent ranges. The drought resistance of seven varieties decreased in order as fol ows：Koroneiki〉 Picual〉 Berat〉 Kaliniot〉 Frantoio〉 Coratina〉 Arbequina.

Femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces

The preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic interface materials has become a research hotspot because of their wide application in self-cleaning, drag reduction, oil-water separation, anti-oil pollution and so on. The unique wettability of organisms gives inspiration to design and create new interface materials. This review focuses on the recent research progress of femtosecond laser micro/nano fabrication for bioinspired superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces. This review starts with a presentation of the related background including the advantages of femtosecond laser and wettability theoretical basis. Then, organisms with unique wettability in nature, the preparation of superhydrophobic or underwater superoleophobic surfaces by femtosecond lasers on different materials, and their related important applications are introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects with regard to this field are provided.

Characterization of the Growth,Chlorophyll Content and Lipid Accumulation in a Marine Microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta under Different Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratios

Microalgal lipids are regarded as main future feedstock of biofuels for its higher efficiency of accumulation and sus- tainable production. In order to investigate the effect of various nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on cells growth, chlorophyll content and accumulation of lipids in Dunaliella tertiolecta, experiments were carried out in modified microalgal medium with inorganic nitrogen （nitrate-nitrogen） or organic nitrogen （urea-nitrogen） as the sole nitrogen source at initial N：P ratios ranging from 1：1 to 32：1. The favorable N：P of 16：1 in the nitrate-N or urea-N medium yielded the maximum cell density and specific growth rate. Decrease in chlorophyll content were observed at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate-N and urea-N cultures. It was also observed that the maximum lipids concentration was obtained at the N：P of 4：1 in both nitrate and urea nutrient medium. The lipid productivity and lipid content of cultures in the urea-N medium at the N：P of 4： lwere markedly higher than those from cultures with other N：P ratios （p〈 0.05）. The results of this work illustrate the possibility that higher ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus have enhancing effect on cells growth of D. tertiolecta. Conversely, higher lipid accumulation is associated with a decrease in chlorophyll content under lower ratios of nitro- gen to phosphorus. The results confirm the hypothesis of this study that a larger metabolic flux has been channeled to lipid accumu- lation in D. tertiolecta cells when the ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus drop below a critical level.

Effect of Biodiesel on Oxidation Stability, Detergency and Antiwear Ability of Diesel Oil

Different contents of biodiesel and petrodiesel were incorporated into diesel engine oils. The oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear performance of the formulated diesel oils were evaluated. The results indicated that, compared with petrodiesel, biodiesel was more liable to promote oxidation degradation of diesel oils, leading to worse oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear ability of the oils.

Study on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated Transformation of Brassica campestris L. with Fusion Gene Ycoil-bFGF

[ Objective] The study is to generate pharmaceutical protein via plant transgenic technique. [Methed] Using the cotyledons with petiole as transformation receptor, the fusion gene of rapeseed oil-body gene and bFGF was introduced into the rapeseed （ Brassica campestris L. ） by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation; meanwhile regeneration conditions of rapeseed were also optimized, and the regenerated resistant plantlets were detected by PCR and Southern blot. [ Result] This fusion gene had been integrated into rapeseed genome successfully, and the optimized conditions of transformation and regeneration were as follows： explants pre-culture for 2 d, co-culture for 3 d, bacteria solution OD600 for 0.3 and infection time for 5 min. [ Conclusion] The results laid a solid foundation for extraction, isolation and purification of protein in transgenic plant seeds.

Effect of Altering Linoleic Acid and Linolenic Acid Dietary Ratios on the Performance and Tissue Fatty Acid Profiles of Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii （de Man 1879） Post Larvae

A 90-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary linoleic acid （LA; 18：2n-6） and linolenic acid ratios （LNA; 18：3n-3） on growth induces, feed utilization and tissue fatty acid profile of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae （PL）. The experiment was conducted in cubic indoor fiberglass tanks, each holding 700 L in triplicate. Post-larvae with an average weight of 20.8 ± 0.20 mg were stocked at 80 PL m2. Five experimental isocaloric （15.06 MJ kgl digestible energy）, and isonitrogenous （30.45% digestible protein） diets were formulated by blending of soybean oil and linseed oil to containing five dietary LA/LNA ratios （7.80, 2.75, 1.28, 0.65 and 0.30）. The highest survival values were recorded for prawn PL fed diet containing 0.65 LA/LAN ratios. Growth indices of PL significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） with decreased dietary LA/LAN ratios to 0.65. The same trend was observed for the highest （P ≤ 0.05） protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, fat retention, energy retention and best feed conversion ratio. The total whole tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of M. rosenbergii PL was dominated by LA followed by LAN. Post larvae fed the diets containing higher LA/LNA ratios showed a higher tissue LA/LNA ratio. The obtained findings revealed that fatty acid patterns ofM. rosenbergii PL were influenced by fatty acid profiles of diets. The diet containing 0.65 LA/LNA ratio is recommended to obtaining optimum growth performance and feed utilization for M. rosenbergii PL.

Infeasibility Diagnosis on the Linear Programming Model of Production Planning in Refinery

In order to effectively diagnose the infeasible linear programming (LP) model of production planning in refinery, the article proposed three stages strategy based on constraints’ classification and infeasibility analysis. Generally, infeasibility sources involve structural inconsistencies and data errors, and the data errors are further classified intoⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The three stages strategy are: (1) Check data when they are inputted to detect data error Ⅰ and repair them; (2) Inspect data whether they are accorded with material balance before solving the LP model to identify data error Ⅱ and repair them; (3) Find irreducible inconsistent system of infeasible LP model and give diagnosis information priority-ranked to recognize data error Ⅲ and structural inconsistencies. These stages could be automatically executed by computer, and the approach has been applied to diagnose the infeasible model well in our graphic I/O petro-chemical industry modeling system.

Effect of Supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Diets on Growth Performance and Total Lactic Bacteria iin Small Intestine of Broiler

The effect of supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） in diets on growth performance and total lactic bacteria （LAB） in small intestine of broiler. One hundred sixty eight broilers （Arbor Acres; 1 wk old） were randomly assigned to 8 groups. Each group （male 21 and female 21 broiler chickens） was further randomly divided into 3 replicates of 7 chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatments （0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% CLA）. Feed consumption and BW were recorded at every 7-day period. On day 56, and each week were collected at ileal content in small intestine for the total count of lactic acid bacteria （LAB）. There were highly significant differences in body weight gain, average dairy feed intake, average dairy gain and feed conversion ratio among the treatments （P 〈 0.01）. Moreover, our results revealed that the highest detection trend from the ileal occurred during the period in the supplementation of CLA.

On an ecology-friendly treatment reagent for oily wastewater

Bioflocculants have received increasing attention in research because they are low cost,non-toxic,biodegradable,operationally simple and useful in many water and wastewater treatment applications.In this study,we focused mainly on the screening of the flocculant-producing strain and its application in oily wastewater treatment.Bacteria strain B-6-1 was isolated by the pyridine screening method.UPC-1 reagent produced by B-6-1 had efficient flocculating activity.It was deduced that the main component of UPC-1 reagent was polysaccharide through purification and analysis.The influence of dosage of reagent,pH value,temperature and oil concentration on the flocculation effect of UPC-1 reagent was investigated.

The effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C_6 to C_7 light hydrocarbons in crude oils: a case study from Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin,NW China

Light hydrocarbons （LHs） are one of the main petroleum fractions in crude oils, and carry much infor- mation regarding the genetic origin and alteration of crude oils. But secondary alterations--especially biodegrada- tion--have a significant effect on the composition of LHs in crude oils. Because most of the LHs affected in oils underwent only slight biodegradation （rank 1 on the biodegradation scale）, the variation of LHs can be used to describe more the refined features of biodegradation. Here, 23 crude oils from the Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, NW China, eleven of which have been biodegraded to different extents, were analyzed in order to investigate the effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C6--C7 LHs. The study results showed that biodegradation resulted in the prior depletion of straight-chained alkanes, followed by branched alkanes. In slight and minor biodegraded oils, such biodegradation scale could not sufficiently affect C6- C7 cycloalkanes. For branched C6--C7 alkanes, generally, monomethylalkanes are biodegraded earlier than dimethylalkanes and trimethylalkanes, which indicates that branched alkanes are more resistant to biodegradation, with the increase of substituted methyl groups on parent rings. The degree of alkylation is one of the primary controlling factors on the biodegradation of C6-Cv LHs. There is a particular case： although 2,2,3-trimethylbutane has a rela- tive higher alkylation degree, 2,2-dimethylpentane is more resistant to biodegradation than 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. 2,2- Dimethylpentane is the most resistant to biodegradation in branched C6-C7 alkanes. Furthermore, the 2-methylpen- tane/3-methylpentane and 2-methylhexane/3-methylhexane ratios decreased steadily with increasing biodegradation, which implies that isomers of bilateral methyl groups are more prone to bacterial attack relative to mid-chain iso- mers. The position of the alkyls on the carbon skeleton is also one of the critical factors controlling the rate of biodegradation. With increasing biodegradation, Mango＇s LH parameters K1 values decrease and K2 values increase, the values of n-heptane and isoheptane decrease, and the indices of methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane increase. LH parameters should be applied cautiously for the biodegraded oils. Because biodegraded samples belong to slight or minor biodegraded oils, the values of n-heptane and isoheptane from Dawanqi Oilfield can better reflect and determine the ＂Biodegraded＂ zone. When the heptane value is 0-21 and the isoheptane value is 0-2.6, the crude oil in Dawanqi Oilfield is defined as the ＂Biodegraded＂ zone

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Tylosema Esculentum Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine： An Experimental Investigation

Biodiesel derived from indigenous feed stocks such as Tylosema esculentum kernel oil is deemed a feasible alternative to petroleum diesel for the diesel engine. This paper presents results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Tylosema biodiesel. In this investigation, Tylosema biodiesel was prepared, analyzed and compared with the performance of petroleum diesel fuel using a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine. The specific fuel consumption, engine torque, engine brake power, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were analyzed. The tests showed a decrease in engine brake power and torque with increase in engine load, while specific fuel consumption showed an increasing trend with maximum variation of 33% between the two fuels at engine load of 90%. Emission levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide showed an increasing trend with increase in load for both fuels. Tylosema biodiesel produced significantly lower concentrations of hydrocarbons than petroleum diesel, while levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were largely comparable to those of petroleum diesel. Soot production from combustion ofTylosema biodiesel was found to be approximately 98% lower than that from combustion of petroleum biodiesel, demonstrating insignificant contribution to environmental pollution.

Technological Feasibility of Biodiesel Production from Bioaugmented Hydrolysate of Waste Sludge in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

The hydrolysate of waste sludge was used as the feedstock of biodiesel production,and its technological feasibility was investigated.Waste sludge,collected from No.3 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant of Xi’an,was hydrolyzed in two parallel reactors firstly.Yeast was added into one reactor for bioaugmentation,and the other reactor without yeast was used as a control.Then an acid-catalyzed in situ esterification process was carried out to convert the hydrolysate to biodiesel.The results of hydrolysis showed that the reactor bioaugmented with yeast could promote hydrolysis compared with the control one because of an obvious variance in total suspended solid(TSS),volatile suspended solid(VSS)and soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD).Furthermore,gas chromatography(GC)analysis exhibited that the total volatile fatty acid(VFA)was low in the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation reactor;however,its yield of the fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs)by in situ esterification was obviously higher when compared with the control one.Therefore,it may be inferred that the hydrolysate of bioaugmentation was mainly inclined to longer-chain fatty acid rather than to VFA.Anyway,an FAMEs yield of 9.24%(wt%)from dried sludge was attained after the 12-d bioaugmentation hydrolysis and succedent esterification.This value was not only higher than that of the control one but also higher than that reported in previous literature.The above results illuminated that it was feasible to produce biodiesel from the bioaugmented hydrolysate of waste sludge.

Study of Water Injection Efficiency through Modern Geological-Mathematical Models in Guneshly Field

Guneshli is a unique oil field for.its huge oil reserves. Fasila layer is one of the main productive series with more than 3,300 tons of oil production per year. It is an important task to continue efficently develop this object. Development of Fasila was analysed based on geological-mathematical models, production performance was predicted through use of advanced ＂evolution＂ modeling program. In addition, the impact of water injection from deep water Guneshly was identified and relavant proposals were put forward.