东方蛎盾蚧生活习性及防治试验研究

东方蛎盾蚧 (LepidosaphesTubulorumFerris)在易门一年发生 3代 ,以雌成虫和若虫吸食板栗 (Castanamollissima)树干、枝梢汁液而造成危害。根据其生活习性 ,研究林间综合治理技术措施 。

Genomic selection methods for crop improvement:Current status and prospects

With marker and phenotype information from observed populations, genomic selection （GS） can be used to establish associations between markers and phenotypes. It aims to use genome-wide markers to estimate the effects of all loci and thereby predict the genetic values of untested populations, so as to achieve more comprehensive and reliable selection and to accelerate genetic progress in crop breeding. GS models usually face the problem that the number of markers is much higher than the number of phenotypic observations. To overcome this issue and improve prediction accuracy, many models and algorithms, including GBLUP, Bayes, and machine learning have been employed for GS. As hot issues in GS research, the estimation of non-additive genetic effects and the combined analysis of multiple traits or multiple environments are also important for improving the accuracy of prediction. In recent years, crop breeding has taken advantage of the development of GS. The principles and characteristics of current popular GS methods and research progress in hese methods for crop improvement are reviewed in this paper.

Changes in fish diversity and community structure in the central and southern Yellow Sea from 2003 to 2015

The central and southern Yellow Sea is an important overwintering ground for many fish species in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. For better understanding the status of the fish community after years of heavy exploitation, variations in fish community structure and diversity were analyzed using data from bottom trawls during 2003–2015. Five fish assemblage indices all showed fluctuations without clear trends from 2003 to 2015, yet there were strong positive and significant correlations(P < 0.05) among them. The top-five dominant species accounted for a high weight percentage(49.7%–82.1%) in the annual fish catch. Multivariate analysis showed that two year groups could be pooled for the fish community: Group Ⅰ consisted of the years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2015, while Group Ⅱ consisted of the years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2014; the groups aggregated with 63.71% similarity, indicating a high level of similarity among all years. The multivariate dispersion values were 1.455 and 0.818 for Groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively, indicating greater variances in fish assemblage structure in Group Ⅰ than that in Group Ⅱ. Similarity of percentage analysis demonstrated that the average similarities for Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ were 71.58% and 67.51%, respectively. Size-spectra analysis revealed no consistent trend in the intercept and slope( P > 0.05); there were also no significant differences between the slope of the size-spectra and fishing ef fort. The catch per unit ef fort and mean individual weight analyses of the whole fish assemblage both showed a significantly decreasing trend over time. Overall, the results showed that the fish community structure in the central and southern Yellow Sea was relatively stable from 2003 to 2015 and the study could be used as a reference for supporting ecosystem-based fishery management.

Infestation and morphological identification of the stalked epizoic barnacle Octolasmis on the blue crab Portunus pelagicus from the Red Sea

The intensity of infestation of the epizoic stalked barnacle Octolasmis on the blue crab was calculated for a total of 180 individuals collected around Jeddah, the western Red Sea Saudi coast. More than 90% of the crabs were found bearing the Octolasmis at a prevalence rate of 92% and mean intensity of 18.5 ? 18.6(0–127 epibiont per host). The intensity of infestation increased with host size in the range 90–135 mm. Generally, females were more infested(69%) than the males(31%). Octolasmis angulata occurred mostly on the gills, and the lower side of the gill chambers was more infested(84%) than the upper side(16%) and the left side of gills was also more infested than the right side in both males and females. Further studies are still needed to examine the commensal relationship and its impact on the fishery market of the Red Sea blue crab populations.

New record of Japanese snake blenny Xiphasia matsubarai(Perciformes：Blenniidae) from South China Sea

Specimens belonging to the family Blenniidae were collected in a fishery resource investigation from the coastal waters of Xisha Islands and Hainan Island, South China Sea in 2016. Combining morphological results with sequence analysis, we identified one specimen as Xiphasia matsubarai Okada & Suzuki, 1952. This represents a new record in the South China Sea. In morphology, the specimen has the following traits: body elongated, eel-like or ribbon-like in shape; flanks medium flat; the head small bluntly rounded anteriorly and without a moustache; eyes is slightly smaller, on upper lateral position of head, which is about equal to 1/5 of the length of the head; body without scales, lateral line has been degraded; both sides of the upper and lower jaws with a canine; gill is opening at the top of the pectoral fin base, approximately equal to the length of eye diameter. Dorsal fin Ⅺ, 96; pectoral fin 10; anal fin Ⅱ, 95. Head and body grey-brown, including 26 dark grey-brown bands; abdomen and lower operculum yellowish grey and colour lighter; and dorsal base long with dark grey. Origin of dorsal is located over the anterior margin of pupil; black blotch on dorsal fin between 8 th and 10 th dorsal spine; anal and caudal fins dark grey, pectoral and ventral fins pale yellow. Sequence analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene( COI) strongly supports the identity of the specimen as Ⅹ. matsubarai.

Notes on Two Marine Ciliates from the Yellow Sea,China:Placus salinus and Strombidium apolatum(Protozoa,Ciliophora)

The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnationtechnique. The improved diagnosis for Placus salinus is as follows: medium-sized marine Placus, invivo (50-60) μm X (30-40) μm; cell elliptical to barrel-shaped; 28-31 somatic kineties; singlemacronucleus usually ellipsoid and one micronucleus located in the indention of the macronucleus;one contractile vacuole posteriorly positioned. Strombidium apolatum is characterized by: marinestrombidium (40-60) μm X (30-45) μm in vivo, cordiform in shape with somewhat pointed posteriorend and conspicuous apical protrusion; extrusomes prominent, about 15 μm in length and evenlyarranged along the circle kinety; about 16 collar and 5-6 buccal membranelles; one elongatemacronucleus and one micronucleus; circle and ventral kineties consisting of about 53 and 45dikinetids respectively.

Complementary Notes on a ‘Well-known’ Marine Heterotrichous Ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré-Fremiet, 1936 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

The living morphology and infraciliature of a heterotrichous ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré Fremiet, 1936, which was collected from the north coast of China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnation techniques. As a new contribution, a redescription is presented: large Folliculinopsis of green to dark green in color, 800-1500 μm in size; two peristomial lobes of approximately equal size, 300-400 μm in length; adoral zone of membranelles containing about 1000 membranelles, lying along lobe margins and exhibiting two circles within buccal cavity; 50-70 somatic kineties in mid body; macronucleus miniliform, consisting of about 20 beads; lorica smooth, vase shaped, (300-500) μm×(90-130) μm in size, with 5-12 spiral ridges on neck tube; marine habitat.

From Inert Knowledge to Activated Knowledge： Practical Ideas for Improving Student Learning

In this article, I argue for the integration of learner-centered, high impact practices for the typical day of instruction. In doing so, I build off of a general, but robust, theoretical framework designed to promote substantive self-reflection which orients the tactical suggestions for improving student learning. The recommendations are practical and easily adopted as resources for challenging students to develop general critical thinking skills and dispositions especially those addressing metacognition and questioning one＇s assumptions of knowledge and understanding.

Learning Retention in Undergraduate Biology Using a Hands-on Practical ＂Enzyme Detection from Vegetables and Fruits＂

The purpose of this research was to study learning retention in undergraduate biology students on the topic of enzyme properties by using simple enzyme activity from vegetables and fruits. A hands-on practical was developed to simplify detection of enzyme activity of amylase, protease and lipase on starch agar, dry whole milk agar, and trihutyrin agar, respectively. The subjects of the study were 24 senior undergraduates who studied in the Program of General Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, in three semesters during 2007 - 2008. The basic concepts of enzymes, e.g., substrate specificity, how to detect enzymes and optimal enzyme conditions, were taught before the practical. The first enzyme, protease, was used in the second semester of 2007, and then changed to be lipase and protease in the first and second semesters of 2008, respectively. Ten open-ended questions were used to assess students in all semesters. In agreement with the constructivist learning model, it was demonstrated that students had learning retention and applied their prior knowledge to other enzyme experiments.