AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used i...AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, thefecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose group.CONCLUSION: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.展开更多
An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing ...An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.展开更多
Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 12 rice cultivars on barnyard grass. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） was used to determine the influence of osmotic potential on the...Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 12 rice cultivars on barnyard grass. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） was used to determine the influence of osmotic potential on the bioassay materials. Effect of different concentrations of stem, root, and leaf extracts of rice cultivars on seed germination, radicle and primary shoot length of barnyard grass seedlings, and rate of respiration of root pieces were investigated in the laboratory experiments. Shoot height and dry weight of weed stands were studied in the greenhouse, Also total peroxidase activity, chlorophyll pigment and mitotic index were determined. Results indicated that, among rice cultivars, Mehr, Tarom-mahali, G3, Nemat, and Shahpasand caused the most inhibition effects on investigated factors. Amol-3 showed the least negative effects on growth of seedlings and stands of barnyard grass. In laboratory, the Mehr cultivar demonstrated the maximum inhibitory effects by reducing barnyard grass seed germination percentage （88%）, radicle length （100%）, primary shoot length （83%）, and root respiration （85%） Cell division, expressed as mitotic index, was significantly reduced in the presence of rice aqueous extracts. Mehr cultivar had higher inhibitory effect on mitosis compared to Amol-3. In greenhouse, the same cultivar showed the maximum inhibitory effect by reducing barnyard grass height （45%） and dry weight （64%）. With increase in extract concentration, the inhibitory effect increased. Leaf extract from rice plants was more effective compared with the root and stem extracts. Comparison of rice cultivars and PEG indicated that any reduction in germination and growth of barnyard grass using rice extract concentrations of 5% and 10% must have been the result of allelochemicals in the extracts. Lower extract concentrations showed a more pronounced inhibitory effect in the laboratory as compared to the greenhouse studies. These results suggest that rice leaf extracts may be a source of natural herbicide.展开更多
In Mongolia, the sea buckthorn is a nontraditional fruit crop. It has been being planted since 2000 in the Botanical garden of Medicinal plants of Monos group, Mongolia. The purpose of this study was to determine how ...In Mongolia, the sea buckthorn is a nontraditional fruit crop. It has been being planted since 2000 in the Botanical garden of Medicinal plants of Monos group, Mongolia. The purpose of this study was to determine how to change biological active compounds in the Sea-buckthorn berries that depending on harvesting season and to describe which harvesting period is efficient to use. In 2013-2014, fruit samples were prepared from our botanical garden such as： Chuiskaya, Maslichnaya, Vitaminnaya, Oranjivaya, Obilniya and Red cultivars on their chemical composition depended from harvesting season. The chemical compositions of fruit were investigated from 19th August to 20th January. We determined total oil, organic acid contents, 13-carotenoid, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and polysaccharide. The chemical contents were analyzed with the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, colorimetric assay, volume metric analysis method and spectrophotometric method. During the harvesting period, the chemical compositions of samples such as total oil content and polysaccharide content were increased and the contents of organic acid, beta carotenoid and ascorbic acid were decreased. From our study, we concluded that fruit biological active compounds depend from harvest time and it could be used to choose production of seabuckthom product types.展开更多
基金Supported by Viva Life Science/Westar Nutrition, Costa Mesa,CA, United States
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, thefecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose group.CONCLUSION: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.
基金Supported by a thesis research project of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (No. 2010IK168)
文摘An inter-laboratory comparison of the AOAC mouse bioassay for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxicity in shellfish was carried out among 25 Chinese laboratories to examine the overall performance for PSP testing in China, and to analyze the main factors affecting the performance of this method. The toxic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis collected from coast of Bohai Sea, China, was used as a test sample in the comparison study. The results were reported and evaluated using robust statistical methods. The z scores showed that 80%, 8%, and 12% of laboratories reported satisfactory results, unsatisfactory results, and questionable results, respectively. This evaluation demonstrates that the PSP mouse bioassay is an appropriate method for screening and testing PSP toxicity in shellfish. However, it was found that the experience and skill of technicians, as well as the body weight and health status of mice being used significantly affected the accuracy of the method.
文摘Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of 12 rice cultivars on barnyard grass. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） was used to determine the influence of osmotic potential on the bioassay materials. Effect of different concentrations of stem, root, and leaf extracts of rice cultivars on seed germination, radicle and primary shoot length of barnyard grass seedlings, and rate of respiration of root pieces were investigated in the laboratory experiments. Shoot height and dry weight of weed stands were studied in the greenhouse, Also total peroxidase activity, chlorophyll pigment and mitotic index were determined. Results indicated that, among rice cultivars, Mehr, Tarom-mahali, G3, Nemat, and Shahpasand caused the most inhibition effects on investigated factors. Amol-3 showed the least negative effects on growth of seedlings and stands of barnyard grass. In laboratory, the Mehr cultivar demonstrated the maximum inhibitory effects by reducing barnyard grass seed germination percentage （88%）, radicle length （100%）, primary shoot length （83%）, and root respiration （85%） Cell division, expressed as mitotic index, was significantly reduced in the presence of rice aqueous extracts. Mehr cultivar had higher inhibitory effect on mitosis compared to Amol-3. In greenhouse, the same cultivar showed the maximum inhibitory effect by reducing barnyard grass height （45%） and dry weight （64%）. With increase in extract concentration, the inhibitory effect increased. Leaf extract from rice plants was more effective compared with the root and stem extracts. Comparison of rice cultivars and PEG indicated that any reduction in germination and growth of barnyard grass using rice extract concentrations of 5% and 10% must have been the result of allelochemicals in the extracts. Lower extract concentrations showed a more pronounced inhibitory effect in the laboratory as compared to the greenhouse studies. These results suggest that rice leaf extracts may be a source of natural herbicide.
文摘In Mongolia, the sea buckthorn is a nontraditional fruit crop. It has been being planted since 2000 in the Botanical garden of Medicinal plants of Monos group, Mongolia. The purpose of this study was to determine how to change biological active compounds in the Sea-buckthorn berries that depending on harvesting season and to describe which harvesting period is efficient to use. In 2013-2014, fruit samples were prepared from our botanical garden such as： Chuiskaya, Maslichnaya, Vitaminnaya, Oranjivaya, Obilniya and Red cultivars on their chemical composition depended from harvesting season. The chemical compositions of fruit were investigated from 19th August to 20th January. We determined total oil, organic acid contents, 13-carotenoid, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and polysaccharide. The chemical contents were analyzed with the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, colorimetric assay, volume metric analysis method and spectrophotometric method. During the harvesting period, the chemical compositions of samples such as total oil content and polysaccharide content were increased and the contents of organic acid, beta carotenoid and ascorbic acid were decreased. From our study, we concluded that fruit biological active compounds depend from harvest time and it could be used to choose production of seabuckthom product types.
