生活即艺术——赏析影片“天堂的孩子”

用“生活即艺术”这句话来阐释导演马基·麦基迪的影片《天堂的孩子》是最为贴切的,影片的故事构成层面非常的简单、朴实,既没有扣人心弦的悬念,也没有迂回曲折的叙事,它就像一个活生生的生活小插曲,就像发生在我们周围的小故事。影片围绕着一对小孩子、一双小鞋子来建构故事,平淡无奇、生活流式的叙事风格,镜头语言的常规化,仿佛就是一碗淡淡的白开水。但是,从这碗平淡的开水中,我们却品尝出了人生的滋味、社会的复杂、纯稚的情感、无邪的童真。正是影片朴实无华、纪实化的现实复现内聚了它深刻的内涵,使之成为艺术殿堂中的一朵奇葩。导演纪实化的镜头下展现了伊朗平民生活的生存状态。受众从阿里一家的日常生活就可以了解伊朗下层民众的窘迫。

“新写实小说”对日常化生存窘迫的叙写

20世纪80年代末期,"新写实小说"对普通人日常生存困窘和烦恼的关注,为文坛提供了一种新的认知视角:生存观照和生存体验。本文以新写实小说的代表作品为研究对象,从小人物生存处境的实况、凡俗化叙事语言和生活流式叙事结构三个层面探讨了作品对日常化生存窘迫的叙写。

Body weight, lifestyle, dietary habits and gastroesophageal reflux disease

While lifestyle modifications are currently used as firstline treatment for subjects with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the pathogenetic role of lifestyle factors and consequently, the efficacy of lifestyle measures is controversial. Our aim was to systematically review the pathogenetic link between overweight/ obesity, dietary habits, physical activity and GERD, and the beneficial effect of specific recommended changes, by means of the available literature from the 1999 to the present. Obesity, in particular, abdominal obesity, plays a key role in determining GERD symptoms and complications through mechanical and metabolic effects. Controlled weight loss (by diet or surgery) is effective in improving GERD symptoms. No definitive data exist regarding the role of diet and, in particular, of specific foods or drinks, in influencing GERD clinical manifestations. Moderate physical activity seems to be beneficial for GERD, while vigorous activity may be dangerous in predisposed individuals. In conclusion, being obese/overweight and GERD-specific symptoms and endoscopic features are related, and weight loss significantly improves GERD clinical-endoscopic manifestations. The role of dietary behavior, mainly in terms of specific dietary components, remains controversial. Mild routine physical activity in association with diet modifications, i.e. a diet rich in fiber and low in fat, is advisable in preventing reflux symptoms.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Impact of fecal incontinence on quality of life

AIM:To explore the impact of fecal incontinence (FI) on quality of life (QOL) of patients attending urogynecology and colorectal clinics (CCs).METHODS:Cross-sectional study of 154 patients (27 male) with FI,who attended the clinics at a regional hospital in North Queensland,Australia in 2003 and 2004,and completed the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL:1=very affected;4=not affected).RESULTS:More than 22% of patients had their QOL affected severely by FI.Patients reported that they had not previously been asked about FI by a medical practitioner nor did they voluntarily disclose its presence.The median FIQL scores for all participants were:lifestyle=3.24;coping=2.23;depression=2.42;and embarrassment=2.33.Increasing frequency of soiling had a negative effect on all four FIQL scales (P < 0.001) as did the quantity of soiling (P < 0.01).Female CC patients had poorer FIQL scores than urogynecology clinic patients for lifestyle (P=0.015),coping (P=0.004) and embarrassment (P=0.009),but not depression (P=0.062),despite having experienced FI for a shorter period.CONCLUSION:Failure to seek treatment for FI degrades the quality of patients' lives over time.FI assessment tools should incorporate the quantity of fecal loss.

LY294002 potentiates the anti-cancer effect of oxaliplatin for gastric cancer via death receptor pathway

AIM:To examine the effects of combined treatment of oxaliplatin and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor,2-(4-morpholinyl) -8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one(LY294002) for gastric cancer. METHODS:Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Apoptotic cells were detected by flow cytometric analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay.Western blotting and immuno-precipitation were used to examine protein expression and recruitment,respectively.Nuclear factorκB(NFκB) binding activities were investigated using electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Nude mice were used to investigate tumor growth. RESULTS:Treatment with combined oxaliplatin and LY294002 resulted in increased cell growth inhibi-tion and cell apoptosis in vitro,and increased tumor growth inhibition and cell death in the tumor mass in vivo.In MKN45 and AGS cells,oxaliplatin treatment promoted both protein kinase B(Akt) and NFκB activation,while pretreatment with LY294002 significantly attenuated oxaliplatin-induced Akt activity and NFκB binding.LY294002 promoted oxaliplatin-induced Fas ligand(FasL) expression,Fas-associated death domain protein recruitment,caspase-8,Bid,and caspase-3 activation,and the short form of cellular caspase-8/FLICEinhibitory protein(c-FLIPS) inhibition.In vivo,LY294002 inhibited oxaliplatin-induced activation of Akt and NFκB,and increased oxaliplatin-induced expression of FasL,inhibition of c-FLIPS,and activation of caspase-8,Bid,and caspase-3. CONCLUSION:Combination of oxaliplatin and LY294002 was therapeutically promising for gastric cancer treatment.The enhanced sensitivity of the combined treatment was associated with the activation of the death receptor pathway.

Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults in Constantine

In Algeria, as in all countries in the developing world, obesity has become more and more common in adults, suggesting a worsening of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes for these generations. This study aims to assess the prevalence of obesity by anthropometry in adults in the city of Constantine over the year 2010-2011, and to explore its relationship with certain determining factors. A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling and stratification on sex allowed us to estimate the frequency of all categories of BMI. For this purpose, 320 adults living in Constantine were interviewed. In 2011, the prevalence of obesity was 35.84%. Women are more affected by obesity than men （40.83% vs. 22.08%）. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, according to IDF, was 81.0% for women vs. 56.2% for men; according to NCEP ATP III, it was 64.3% in women vs. 35.9% in men. Obesity is more common in families of low socioeconomic status. Similarly, level of education and obesity are inversely correlated. People who have a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to be obese than those who are physically active. Obesity is a serious condition that results in significant health care costs. There is a need to undertake epidemiological surveillance in childhood. Urgent preventive actions are required. Promotion of a healthy balanced diet and physical exercise is a priority in the prevention of obesity.

新写实小说的艺术特点

新写实小说具有不同于传统的现实主义的艺术风格,它特别重视还原被遮掩了的现实与人生的本来生态,以冷静客观的"零度情感"叙述为基本态度而进入了过去小说创作的盲区。虽然新写实小说还有它的不足之处,但它却为当代文坛带来一股清新的气息,为中国当代文学的发展做出了贡献。

浅析长篇电视连续剧的结构方法

长篇电视剧的结构方法,即“情节的结构方式”,是构成故事的各种要素间内在的逻辑关系和组织形态。它是使剧作成形的前提步骤,包括性格不同的人物之间的相互关系,人物、事件、环境之间的关系,如何制造紧张激烈的矛盾冲突以及开端、发展、高潮、结尾如何设计等问题。换而言之就是对剧作的情节构成进行合理的调整与处理,使成品的艺术效果更加完美的过程。结构属于形式的范畴,而作品的形式是由内容决定的.