生活污水与易腐垃圾源头分类收集及资源化技术研究

设计了1套从源头对城镇生活污水及易腐生活垃圾进行真空分类收集及快速堆肥的工艺方案,研究了真空收运系统运行参数及堆肥过程中参数调控和除臭。结果表明:真空便器的冲水量约为1L/次,破碎1kg垃圾所用水0.4～0.6L,控制含水率在60%左右、C/N为(30～35)∶1、pH为6.5～8.3、温度为60～65℃;选用微生物菌种降解-活性炭吸附组合工艺除臭处理后,NH3和H2S的浓度降低为1.60×10-8、1.03×10-7mol/L,NH3和H2S的去除率分别达到94.6%和93.5%。

腐熟生活垃圾混配育苗基质对西瓜出苗及幼苗生长的影响

作者用腐熟生活垃圾与普通基质按不同比例配制6种育苗基质,开展不同育苗基质对西瓜出苗及幼苗生长发育影响的试验。试验结果表明,“20%腐熟生活垃圾+48%泥炭+16%珍珠岩+16%蛭石”配制基质培育西瓜苗,西瓜的出苗率和成苗率较高,秧苗生长健壮,可作为西瓜育苗基质在生产中推广应用。

腐熟生活垃圾堆肥混配复合微生物菌剂对茄子生长和产量的影响

施用腐熟生活垃圾堆肥可降低蔬菜生产成本。微生物菌剂具有改良土壤的作用,能减少化肥用量、提高农作物产量、改善农产品品质。为提高腐熟生活垃圾的利用率,作者开展了腐熟生活垃圾堆肥混配复合生物菌剂对茄子生长发育及产量影响的试验,以筛选适宜茄子生长的复合微生物菌剂用量。试验结果表明,定植前每667 m^(2)施腐熟生活垃圾堆肥1 t、复合微生物菌剂230 g,茄子的株高、开展度、果长、果径、单果质量等植物学性状表现最好,每667 m^(2)产量达4 375 kg,建议在茄子生产中推广应用。

Investigation of bioactivity and biodegradability of Mg-bioceramic implants:An in vitro study for biomedical applications

In this study,Mg-based composites,by the addition of ZnO,Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Ca_(2)MgSi_(2)O_(7),and CaSiO_(3)as bioactive agents,were fabricated using friction stir processing.The microstructure and in vitro assessment of bioactivity,biodegradation rate,and corrosion behavior of the resultant composites were investigated in simulated body fluid(SBF).The results showed that during the immersion of composites in SBF for 28 d,due to the release of Ca^(2+)and PO_(4)^(3-)ions,hydroxyapatite(HA)crystals with cauliflower shaped morphology were deposited on the surface of composites,confirming good bioactivity of composites.In addition,due to the uniform distribution of bioceramic powders throughout Mg matrix,grain refinement of the Mg matrix,and uniform redistribution of secondary phase particles,the polarization resistance increased,and the biodegradation rate of composites significantly reduced compared to monolithic Mg matrix.The polarization corrosion resistance of Mg-ZnO increased from 0.216 to 2.499 kΩ/cm^(2)compared to monolithic Mg alloy.Additionally,Mg-ZnO composite with the weight loss of 0.0217 g after 28 d immersion showed lower weight loss compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.Moreover,Mg-ZnO composite with the biodegradation rate of 37.71 mm/a exhibited lower biodegradation rate compared to other samples with increasing immersion time.

电影《人间正道》揭示的为官之道——忠孝廉勤

日前,校纪委组织观看了由黑龙江省委宣传部参与摄制的反腐题材影片《人间正道》,展现了1942年我党在外抵日寇内拒顽敌的艰难环境下,毅然选择了法治兴党拒腐防变的道路,不论功劳多大、感情多深,违法必究、执法必严。人间正道是沧桑,骄奢淫逸勿贪求。作为战功卓著的红军将领——肖怀忠,一身数不清的伤疤见证了其忠贞英勇的革命历程;而当其丧失革命警惕性,为敌所惑终至身败名列欲借此换得宽恕时。

Researches on Classification Features of Rural and Urban Domestic Waste in Tianjin City Under Secondary Classification Mode

In order to investigate the influence of secondary classification mode on waste generation features, this study classified domestic waste generated by 310 rural and urban households at urban areas and Shuigaozhuang Village of Xiqing District into 3 groups： compostable materials, recyclable materials and toxics on the basis of the constructed secondary classification mode of domestic waste. The study focused on waste generation strength and classification features, compared the waste generation features between rural and urban residents, and analyzed the re- lation between waste generation strength and economic and cultural factors. The re- sults indicated that the average generation speed of urban domestic waste was 423.08 g/（d.capita）, and that of rural domestic waste was 629.89 g/（d.capita）, there was significant difference between rural and urban compost generation strength （P= 0.00002）, while the generation strength of recyclable materials and toxics between rural and urban areas had no significant difference （P=0.471 and P=0.099, respec- tively）. Secondary classification mode is an effective source classification mode for domestic wastes and has positive effects on waste reduction and treatment.

Synthesis and in-vitro characterization of biodegradable porous magnesium-based scaffolds containing silver for bone tissue engineering

Infection is a major potential complication in the clinical treatment of bone injuries. Magnesium (Mg)-based composites are biodegradable and antibacterial biomaterials that have been employed to reduce infection following surgical implants. The aim of present study was to synthesize and in-vitro characterize Mg-based scaffolds containing silver for bone tissue engineering. Porous Mg-based scaffolds with four silver concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 2 wt.%), denoted by Mg?Ca?Mn-Zn-xAg (MCMZ?xAg)(where x is the silver concentration), were fabricated by the space holder technique. The effects of silver concentration on pore architecture, mechanical properties, bioactivity, and zone of bacterial inhibition were investigated in-vitro. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to characterize the obtained scaffolds. In-vitro corrosion test results indicated that the MCMZ scaffolds with lower silver content were more resistant to corrosion than those enriched with higher amounts of silver. Examination of the antibacterial activity showed that the MCMZ?Ag scaffolds exhibited superb potential with respect to suppressing the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in the inhibition zone around the MCMZ?Ag scaffolds, with increasing in the amount of incorporated silver;however, higher amounts of silver increased the cytotoxicity. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that the porous 0.5 wt.% Ag-containing scaffolds with interconnected pores, adequate mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and cell adhesion are promising with respect to the repair and substitution of damaged and diseased bones.

Bioactivity,in-vitro corrosion behavior,and antibacterial activity of silver-zeolites doped hydroxyapatite coating on magnesium alloy

Mg-based alloys received significant attention for temporary implant applications while, their applications have been limited by high degradation rate. Therefore, silver-zeolite doped hydroxyapatite（Ag-Zeo-HAp） coating was synthesized on Ti O2-coated Mg alloy by physical vapour deposition（PVD） assisted electrodeposition technique to decrease the degradation rate of Mg alloy. X-ray diffraction（XRD） analysis and field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） images showed the formation of a uniform and compact layer of Ag-Zeo-HAp with a thickness of 15 μm on the Ti O2 film with a thickness of 1 μm. The potentiodynamic polarization（PDP） and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） tests indicated that corrosion resistance of Mg-Ca alloy was considerably increased by the Ag-Zeo-HAp coating. The bioactivity test in the simulated body fluid（SBF） solution showed that a dense and homogeneous bonelike apatite layer was formed on the Ag-Zeo-HAp surface after 14 d. Investigation of antibacterial activity via disk diffusion and spread plate methods showed that the Ag-Zeo-HAp coating had a significantly larger inhibition zone（3.86 mm） towards Escherichia coli（E. coli） compared with the Ti O2-coated Mg alloy（2.61 mm）. The Ag-Zeo-HAp coating showed high antibacterial performance, good bioactivity, and high corrosion resistance which make it a perfect coating material for biomedical applications.

Microstructure,anticorrosion,biocompatibility and antibacterial activities of extruded Mg−Zn−Mn strengthened with Ca

To find suitable biodegradable materials for implant applications,Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−xCa(x=0,0.2 and 0.5,wt.%)alloys were prepared by semi-continuous casting followed by hot-extrusion technique.The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−xCa alloys were investigated using the optical microscope,scanning electron microscope and tensile testing.Results indicated that minor Ca addition can slightly refine grains of the extruded Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn alloy and improve its strength.When 0.2 wt.%and 0.5 wt.%Ca were added,the grain sizes of the as-extruded alloys were refined from 4.8 to 4.6 and 4.2μm,respectively.Of the three alloys studied,the alloy with 0.5 wt.%Ca exhibits better combined mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 334 MPa and 20.3%.The corrosion behaviour,cell viability and antibacterial activities of alloys studied were also evaluated.Increasing Ca content deteriorates the corrosion resistance of alloys due to the increase of amount of effective cathodic sites caused by the formation of more Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases.Cytotoxicity evaluation with L929 cells shows higher cell viability of the Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−0.5Ca alloy compared to Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn and Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−0.2Ca alloys.The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus is enhanced with increasing the Ca content due to its physicochemical and biological performance in bone repairing process.

A Resistance Bioassay for Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot and Damping-off Caused by the Anastomosis Groups AG 2-2111B and AG 4 in Sugar Beet

In order to determine the level of resistance of sugar beet varieties against Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-21IIB and AG 4, a methodology was implemented under greenhouse conditions that contemplated the most important criteria regarding to plant-pathogen interaction. The effect of plant growth stage on the development of the disease was evaluated. Seven sugar beet varieties were tested for resistance to R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4. To detect differences in leaf temperature between/L solani inoculated plants and non-infected plants, an infrared （IR） camera was tested. High incidence of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 in sugar beet plants was evident when the fungal inoculum was applied to two and four weeks old plants. At four weeks after sowing, it was the optimum time to inoculate sugar beet plants in order to generate R. solani infection, since at this time all plants were infected. Significant differences were detected regarding disease incidence between sugar beet varieties inoculated with different anastomosis groups. Leaf temperature was significant different between inoculated and non-inoculated plants, demonstrated that this technique could be a new tool for breeders to screen for resistance of new varieties.

Influence of Biopreparations on Maiden Growth of Sour Cherry （Prunus cerasus L.） in Organic Nursery- Preliminary Results

A study was conducted in an organic nursery in 2010 and 2011 on the maiden growth of sour cherry cultivars ＂Debreceni Botermo＂ and ＂Sabina＂ grafted on Mahaleb cherry seedlings （Prunus mahaleb L.）. The young trees were grown at a spacing of 25 cm × 1.0 m on a podzolic soil. The study focused on the differences in diameter and height of the maiden stock, the branch number, lateral shoots in the crown and their length, among treatments with various bioproducts applied to the maidens once or twice, such as granulated manure, Micosat, Humus UP （humus cultivated）, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM （positive microorganisms）, BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit and Vinassa. The control maidens were not fertilized at all, or fertilized with NPK （nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus）. The first time when these products were applied in the nursery was mid-May, and the second time was one month later. Repeating the application of humic preparations （vermiculites） and a formulation containing mycorrhizal fungi （Micosat） gave better results than applying them only once, but in the case of BF Quality and the preparation Tytanit treating the plants for the second time did not increase their growth vigour compared to the plants treated only once. And the effectiveness of the biopreparations was different for the treated cultivars changed.

Role of Ag addition on microstructure,mechanical properties,corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of porous Ti-30 at%Ta shape memory alloys

In the present study,the thermal,mechanical,and biological properties of xAg/Ti-30Ta(x=0,0.41,0.82 and 2.48 at%)shape memory alloys(SMAs)were investigated.The study was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffractometry(XRD),compression test,and shape memory testing.The xAg/Ti-Ta was made using a powder metallurgy technique and microwave-sintering process.The results revealed that the addition of Ag has a significant effect on the pore size and shape,whereas the smallest pore size of 11μm was found with the addition of 0.41 at%along with a relative density of 72%.The fracture stress and strain increased with the addition of Ag,reaching the minimum values around 0.41 at%Ag.Therefore,this composition showed the maximum stress and strain at fracture region.Moreover,0.82 Ag/Ti-Ta shows more excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility than other percentages,obtaining almost the same behaviour of the pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloys,which can be recommended for their promising and potential response for biomaterial applications.

Investigations into the corrosive environments contributing to premature failure of Australian coal mine rock bolts

University of New South Wales(UNSW Australia) had been involved in the study of premature failure of rock bolts in Australia coal mines from the initial identification of the problem in 1999. Rock bolt steel changes over the last decade appear to have not reduced the incidence of failures. A broadened UNSW research project funded by the Australian Research Council(ARC) and Industry has targeted finding the environmental causes through extensive field and laboratory experiments. This paper describes the field studies conducted in underground coal mines,in particular attempts to measure the contribution to corrosion from groundwater,mineralogy and microbial activity. Various underground survey techniques were used to determine the extent of broken bolts,with the presence of both stress corrosion cracking(SCC) and localized deep pitting making no single technique suitable on their own.Groundwater found dripping from bolts across various coalfields in Australia were found to be not aggressive and known groundwater corrosivity classification systems did not correlate to where broken bolts were found. In-hole coupon bolts placed in roof strata containing claystone bands confirmed the clay as being a major contributor to corrosion. Microbes capable of contributing to steel corrosion were found to be present in groundwater,and culturing of the microbes taken from in-situ coupon bolts proved that the bacteria was present on the bolt surface. An ‘in-hole bolt corrosion coupon' development by the project may have multiple benefits of (1) helping quantify newly developed corrosivity classification systems,(2) providing an in-situ ground support corrosion monitoring tool,and (3) for testing possible corrosion protection solutions.

新时期领导干部生活作风问题剖析及对策

继去年《廉政瞭望》等报刊杂志及网络曝光了湖南省湘西州长杜崇烟因性丑闻被湖南省纪委双规的问题后,今年四月,石家庄市共查处了干部作风类案件269起,200余人被查处。

Effects of rhizobacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa APEC136 and Bacillus subtilis APEC170 on biocontrol of postharvest pathogens of apple fruits

In this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria（PGPR） were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. In vitro bioassays revealed that, out of 30 isolates screened, isolates APEC136 and APEC170 had the most significant inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of several fungal pathogens. Analysis of 16 S ribosomal RNA（rR NA） sequences identified the two effective isolates as Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The two strains showed greater growth in brain-heart infusion broth than in other growth media. Treatment of harvested apples with suspensions of either strain reduced the symptoms of anthracnose disease caused by two fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, and white rot disease caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Increased productions of amylase and protease by APEC136, and increased productions of chitinase, amylase, and protease by APEC170 might have been responsible for inhibiting mycelial growth. The isolates caused a greater reduction in the growth of white rot than of anthracnose. These results indicate that the isolates APEC136 and APEC170 are promising agents for the biocontrol of anthracnose and white rot diseases in apples after harvest, and suggest that these isolates may be useful in controlling these diseases under field conditions.