Interleukin-4 is a cytokine produced by activated T cells, mast cells, and basophils that elicits many important biological responses[1] (see Tab 1). These responses range from the regulation of helper T cell differen...Interleukin-4 is a cytokine produced by activated T cells, mast cells, and basophils that elicits many important biological responses[1] (see Tab 1). These responses range from the regulation of helper T cell differentiation[2] and the production of IgE[3] to the regulation of the adhesive properties of endothelial cells via VCAM-1[4]. In keeping with these diverse biological effects, high-affinity binding sites for IL-4 (Kd 20 to 300 pM) have been detected on many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types at levels ranging from 50 to 5000 sites per cell[5],This review will focus on the discrete signal transduction pathways activated by the IL-4 receptor and the coordination of these individual pathways in the regulation of a final biological outcome.展开更多
Objective To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating dry eye syndromes(DES)and its regulatory effects on patient’s quality of life(QOL),anxiety,and depression.MethodsBy following a randomized contro...Objective To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating dry eye syndromes(DES)and its regulatory effects on patient’s quality of life(QOL),anxiety,and depression.MethodsBy following a randomized controlled study design,eligible DES patients were allocated to an EA group(EAG)or an acupuncture group(AG).Patients in the AG were intervened by acupuncture alone,while in the EAG,electrical stimulation was applied to Cuanzhu(BL2)and Taiyang(EX-HN5)in addition to the same treatment in the AG.Changes in clinical manifestations,ocular surface disease index(OSDI),Schirmer tear test-1(STT-1),tear-film break-up time(TF-BUT),cornea fluorescein staining(CFS),and corneal sensitivity(CS)were observed,as well as changes in the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)scores.ResultsThe scores of clinical symptoms,OSDI,and CFS decreased significantly in both EAG and AG when compared with the baseline values(P<0.05),respectively,while the TF-BUT and CS increased significantly(P<0.05),and the tear secretion of patients in the EAG increased(P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment,the scores of physical role functioning,general health perception,emotional role functioning,and mental health of patients in both EAG and AG showed significant increases after treatment(P<0.05),together with a marked decrease in the score of anxiety(P<0.05).Compared with the AG,the EAG obtained a more significant increase in STT-1(P<0.05).ConclusionDES patients respond well to both EA and acupuncture treatments,manifested by prolonged TF-BUT and improvement of CS.Meanwhile,the two approaches can improve QOL and reduce anxiety.Furthermore,EA appears more effective in increasing tear secretion than acupuncture alone.展开更多
Background and aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is remarkably increasing in developing countries like India,in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity.Lifestyle modification is a recommended trea...Background and aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is remarkably increasing in developing countries like India,in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity.Lifestyle modification is a recommended treatment for NAFLD.In most of the previous studies,improvement after lifestyle modification was assessed by liver fibrosis through liver biopsy,but we cannot do a serial liver biopsy in every NAFLD patient.Liver fibrosis can also be assessed by fibroscan non-invasively in NAFLD.This study was designed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification on liver enzymes and Fibroscan values in a population with NAFLD.Methods:Initially,50 NAFLD patients were included in this prospective follow-up study;however,after 6 months of lifestyle modification,only 39 participants were studied.During both the first and second consultations,Fibroscan was carried out.All participants underwent a careful interview,anthropometry measurements and radiological and biochemical tests during every consultation.Results:After 6 months of lifestyle modification,Fibroscan values improved significantly(8.3160.11kPa vs 7.8760.12kPa,p¼0.009).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)values also showed improvement during the second consultation(97.2562.62 U/L vs 66.6963.95 U/L,p<0.001).Conclusion:Measured by Fibroscan and liver enzymes,it has been found that lifestyle modification is an effective therapy to downgrade hepatic injury in NAFLD patients.Serial Fibroscan can be used to assess the treatment response in NAFLD patients due to its non-invasive nature.展开更多
文摘Interleukin-4 is a cytokine produced by activated T cells, mast cells, and basophils that elicits many important biological responses[1] (see Tab 1). These responses range from the regulation of helper T cell differentiation[2] and the production of IgE[3] to the regulation of the adhesive properties of endothelial cells via VCAM-1[4]. In keeping with these diverse biological effects, high-affinity binding sites for IL-4 (Kd 20 to 300 pM) have been detected on many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types at levels ranging from 50 to 5000 sites per cell[5],This review will focus on the discrete signal transduction pathways activated by the IL-4 receptor and the coordination of these individual pathways in the regulation of a final biological outcome.
基金This study was supported by the Research Projects of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau(上海市卫生健康委员会项目,No.202040249,No.201940130)Shanghai Leading Talent Program(上海领军人才项目,No.060)Shanghai Sailing Program(上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目,No.19YE1445000).
文摘Objective To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture(EA)in treating dry eye syndromes(DES)and its regulatory effects on patient’s quality of life(QOL),anxiety,and depression.MethodsBy following a randomized controlled study design,eligible DES patients were allocated to an EA group(EAG)or an acupuncture group(AG).Patients in the AG were intervened by acupuncture alone,while in the EAG,electrical stimulation was applied to Cuanzhu(BL2)and Taiyang(EX-HN5)in addition to the same treatment in the AG.Changes in clinical manifestations,ocular surface disease index(OSDI),Schirmer tear test-1(STT-1),tear-film break-up time(TF-BUT),cornea fluorescein staining(CFS),and corneal sensitivity(CS)were observed,as well as changes in the short-form 36-item health survey(SF-36)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)scores.ResultsThe scores of clinical symptoms,OSDI,and CFS decreased significantly in both EAG and AG when compared with the baseline values(P<0.05),respectively,while the TF-BUT and CS increased significantly(P<0.05),and the tear secretion of patients in the EAG increased(P<0.05).Compared with those before treatment,the scores of physical role functioning,general health perception,emotional role functioning,and mental health of patients in both EAG and AG showed significant increases after treatment(P<0.05),together with a marked decrease in the score of anxiety(P<0.05).Compared with the AG,the EAG obtained a more significant increase in STT-1(P<0.05).ConclusionDES patients respond well to both EA and acupuncture treatments,manifested by prolonged TF-BUT and improvement of CS.Meanwhile,the two approaches can improve QOL and reduce anxiety.Furthermore,EA appears more effective in increasing tear secretion than acupuncture alone.
文摘Background and aims:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is remarkably increasing in developing countries like India,in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity.Lifestyle modification is a recommended treatment for NAFLD.In most of the previous studies,improvement after lifestyle modification was assessed by liver fibrosis through liver biopsy,but we cannot do a serial liver biopsy in every NAFLD patient.Liver fibrosis can also be assessed by fibroscan non-invasively in NAFLD.This study was designed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification on liver enzymes and Fibroscan values in a population with NAFLD.Methods:Initially,50 NAFLD patients were included in this prospective follow-up study;however,after 6 months of lifestyle modification,only 39 participants were studied.During both the first and second consultations,Fibroscan was carried out.All participants underwent a careful interview,anthropometry measurements and radiological and biochemical tests during every consultation.Results:After 6 months of lifestyle modification,Fibroscan values improved significantly(8.3160.11kPa vs 7.8760.12kPa,p¼0.009).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)values also showed improvement during the second consultation(97.2562.62 U/L vs 66.6963.95 U/L,p<0.001).Conclusion:Measured by Fibroscan and liver enzymes,it has been found that lifestyle modification is an effective therapy to downgrade hepatic injury in NAFLD patients.Serial Fibroscan can be used to assess the treatment response in NAFLD patients due to its non-invasive nature.
