论民间叙事的生活质性

广大民众的日常生活具有生动的故事性,换言之,他们的日常生活本身就是一种叙事生活。包括民间叙事在内的一切民俗事象都是在日常生活的维度和层面上生发、运作的。民间叙事必须以生活为终极指归,而生活又为民间叙事提供了天然场域,彼此互为表里、相辅相成、交融共生。民间叙事的质性是生活的、文化的而非纯粹文学的;其蕴涵是情感的、心理的而非纯粹审美的。而民间叙事的生活质性最重要的两个表征:一是运用口头语言;二是体现出鲜明的地方性。

Functional evaluation for effective compositions in seed oil of Korean pine

The effect of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) on the rats' blood-fat and its anti-ageing function was stud-ied for appraising the efficacy of the seed oil of Korean pine. Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (half males and half females in each group) as normal control group, high fat diet control group, and three groups (Group 1 Group 2, Group 3) that were fed with feedstuff with the contents of the seed oil of 2.0g/(kgd-1), 4.0g/(kgd-1) and 8.0g/(kgd-1), respec-tively. The indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and anti-oxidation capacity (AOC) were measured by Reagent Kit method. It was found that the seed oil of the Korean pine could reduce the content of triglyc-eride and improve SOD as well as GSH-PX activity in serum. These indexes of the rats in Group 2 fed with Korean pine seed oil of 4.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the significant level and those of rats in Group 3 fed with the seed oil of 8.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the extremely significant level. The results indicated the seed oil of Korean pine had function of regulating the level of blood-fat and anti-ageing.

Effect of Combined Use of Boron and Manganese Fertilizers on the Nutritional Quality and Physiological Indices of Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis L.var.utilis

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of com-bined use of boron and manganese fertilizers on the nutritional quality and physio-logical indices of Brassica campestris. [Method] In the nutrient solutions for growing B. campestris by hydroponics, boric acid and manganese sulfate were added at 0.5, 2.5, and 7.5 mg/L respectively. Another treatment without boron and manganese was prepared as the control. Quality and physiological indices of B. campestris in the 10 treatments were measured. [Result] Boron and manganese shared obvious in-teraction in improving the quality and physiological indices of B. campestris. To cul-tivate B. campestris with high quality and strong resistance, the optimum concentra-tions of boron and manganese in the nutrient solution should be 2.5 mg/L boric acid and 2.5-7.5 mg/L manganese sulfate. [Conclusion] The findings wil provide refer-ence for studying effects of trace elements on nutrient composition of vegetables.

Extraction, Purification and Identification of Bone Morphogenetic Protein in Conditioned Medium of Osteosarcoma Cell (MG-63)

Objective: To find out a method of extraction and purification of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) from osteosarcoma cell conditioned medium, and evaluate the biological activity of BMP.Methods: Conditioned medium of osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) was collected, concentrated and dialyzed. The concentrated protein was purified through gel chromatography on Sephcryl-S-100. The purified protein was tested by BMP monoclonal antibody (McAb), its molecular weight (MW) was determined by SDS-PAGE and its biological activity was demonstrated by heterotopic ossification.Results: The purified protein was proved to be BMP by BMP McAb, had a satisfactory heterotopic ossification, and its MW was about 21 kD.Conclusion: BMP existed in the conditioned medium of osteosarcoma cell and had a satisfactory biological activity after purification. Because osteosarcoma cell can be cultured and grew for a long timein vitro, this method will be helpful to a vast extraction of BMP and clinical application. Key words osteosarcoma cell - conditioned medium - bone morphogenetic protein - protein purification This project was a key scientific and technological program of Hubei Provicial Scientific and Technological Committee (No. 002p1503).

Factors influencing health-related quality of life in chronic liver disease

AIM： To investigate the factors contributing to healthrelated quality of life （HRQL） in chronic liver disease （CLD）.METHODS： Patients with CLD and age- and sexmatched normal subjects performed the validated Thai versions of the short-form 36 （SF-36） by health survey and chronic liver disease questionnaire （CLDQ）. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the impact of disease severity, demography, causes of CLD, socioeconomic factors, and self-rating health perception on HRQL.RESULTS： Two-hundred and fifty patients with CLD and fifty normal subjects were enrolled into the study. Mean age and the numbers of low educated, unemployed, blue-collar career and poor health perception increased significantly from chronic hepatitis to Child＇s Classes A to B to C. Advanced stage of CLD was related to deterioration of HRQL. Increasing age and female reduced physical health area. Low socioeconomic factors and financial burden affected multiple areas of HRQL. In overall, the positive impact of self-rating health perception on HRQL was consistently showed.CONCLUSION： Advanced disease, old age, female sex, stages of chronic liver low socioeconomic status and financial burden are important factors reducing HRQL. Good health perception improves HRQL regardless of stages of liver disease.

Study on Rooting of Strawberry Bechika

[Objective] The aim was to study rooting environment of strawberry ＂Bechi- ka＂ seedlings, and the somaclone domesticated transplanting was carded on. [Method] With the stem tip of stolon as material, the influence factom of rooting and the effects of different transplanting substrata on survival rate was investigated. [Result] The results showed that： 1/2MS was the best concentration for rooting and the rooting rate could reach 100%. IBA was better than IAA for rooting on growth regu- lator levdls, and it had the best effect on rooting with 0.3 mg/L, which produced the thickest and most-fibrous roots. Activated carbon had positive influences on the growth of roots, and the suitable concentration of activated carbon was 0.5 mg/l_ for rooting. The study found that survival rate of tissue culture seedlings was obviously higher in the combination of perlite and vermiculite than that in the combination of humus and sand, and the survival rate could reach 98.1% （perlite：vermiculite=l：l）. Seedlings in various transplanting substrata could normally bloom, fruit and form stolons. [Conclusion] The study provided technical support for achieving large-scale production of virus-free strawberry and quickly cultivating good seedlings.

Health-related quality of life and impact of antiviral treatment in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C in Taiwan

AIM. To evaluate health-related quality of life （HRQOL） in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C （CH-C）, and the impact of antiviral treatment. METHODS： Short Form 36 （SF-36） Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaires to interview CH-C patients, and age- and sex-matched control subjects at outpatient clinics of a medical center in Taiwan were used. Data were transformed to scores for comparisons of eight major SF-36 domains. We also enrolled consecutive CH-C patients who completed one course of antiviral treatment （interferon α with ribavirin）, and measured the HRQOL before, at the 12m wk of treatment, at the end of treatment, and at mo 6, after stopping the treatment to evaluate the impact of antiviral treatment. RESULTS： A total of 371 outpatients were enrolled, including 182 with CH-C and 189 age- and sex-matched subjects without CH-C. CH-C subjects had obviously lower educational status （P〈0.01）. Mean scores of domains in general health, physical functioning, role-physical, role-emotional, vitality, and mental health of the SF-36 were significantly lower in subjects with CH-C than those without CH-C （P〈0.05）. In an analysis of 47 CH-C patients who received and completed the whole course of antiviral treatment, mean scores of all domains were significantly lower at wk 12 of treatment compared to baseline. The scores returned to pretreatment values by the end of treatment, but were significantly increased at mo 6 after stopping the treatment. Among the 47 CH-C patients, 21 had sustained responses and 26 had nonsustained responses to antiviral treatment. Compared to pretreatment values, subjects with sustained responses had significantly lower social functioning scores at wk 12 of treatment, and scores for all SF-36 domains returned to pretreatment values, and increased significantly at mo 6 after stopping the treatment. For non-sustained virological responders, scores of all SF-36 domains significantly decreased at wk 12 of treatment, and did not increase significantly by the end of treatment, or at mo 6 after stopping the treatment when compared to the pretreatment values. CONCLUSION： HRQOL in CH-C patients is significantly impaired in most SF-36 domains. Antiviral treatment impaired HRQOL of CH-C subjects during early treatment, mainly in non-sustained virological responders, and improved at mo 6 after stopping the treatment, mainly in sustained virological responders.

Preliminary Test on a New Type of Antibacterial Substance

Application of high-speed centrifugation and high-performance liquid chro- matography to separation and purification obtained a new type of natural antibacteri- al substance from Escherichia co/i cell. Against Staphy/ococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, solanacearum the minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） was 2.5, 5, 0.625 iJg/ml, 0.625 and 1.25 g/ml, the minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC） was 5, 5, 1.25, 2.5, 2.5 g/ml, respectively. Composition identification of chemical method and mass spectrometry shows that the antibacterial active substance alkaloids; and the safety evaluation on the model plant Arabidopsis shows that the antibacterial active substance had no inhibitory and adverse effects on the growth and development of plants. The experimental results show that the antibacterial active substance is a broad-spectrum, high efficiency, safe antibacterial natural product, with the prospect of development and utilization of alternative antibiotics.

Marine Yeasts and Their Applications in Mariculture

The terrestrial yeasts have been receiving great attention in science and industry for over one hundred years because they can produce many kinds of bioactive substances. However, little is known about the bioactive substances of marine yeasts. In recent years, it has been found that marine yeasts have wide applications in mariculture and other fields. Therefore,marine yeasts, the bioactive substances from them and the applications of marine yeasts themselves and the bioactive substances they produced are reviewed in this paper.

Assessment of health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy

AIM:To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) based on the Chinese version of SF-36 and Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) in subjects with chronic hepatitis B,liver cirrhosis,including patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). METHODS:The SF-36 and CLDQ were administered to 160 healthy volunteers,20 subjects with chronic hepatitis B and 106 patients with cirrhosis (33 cases exhibited MHE). HRQOL scores were compared among the different study groups. The SF-36 includes eight health concepts:physical functioning,role-physical,body pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotion,and mental health. Six domains of CLDQ were assessed:abdominal symptoms,fatigue,systemic symptoms,activity,emotional function and worry. RESULTS:Compared with healthy controls (96.9 ± 4.5,86.6 ± 18.4,90.1 ± 12.5,89.0 ± 5.7,87.5 ± 4.3,95.8 ± 7.1,88.5 ± 15.9,88.7 ± 5.2 in SF-36 and 6.7 ± 0.5,6.1 ± 0.6,6.3 ± 0.6,6.5 ± 0.5,6.3 ± 0.5,6.8 ± 0.4 in CLDQ),patients with chronic hepatitis B (86.3 ± 11.0,68.8 ± 21.3,78.9 ± 14.4,60.8 ± 10.5,70.8 ± 8.6,76.1 ± 12.6,50.0 ± 22.9,72.2 ± 10.6 and 5.5 ± 1.0,4.5 ± 1.0,5.2 ± 1.1,5.3 ± 0.9,4.8 ± 0.9,4.9 ± 1.0) and cirrhosis (52.8 ± 17.4,32.8 ± 27.9,61.6 ± 18.9,30.2 ± 18.3,47.9 ± 20.1,54.0 ± 19.2,28.9 ± 26.1,51.1 ± 17.8 and 4.7 ± 1.2,3.9 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.2,4.7 ± 1.3,4.7 ± 1.0,4.4 ± 1.1) had lower HRQOL on all scales of the SF-36 and CLDQ (P < 0.01 for all). Increasing severity of liver cirrhosis (based on the Child-Pugh score/presence or absence of MHE) was associated with a decrease in most components of SF-36 and CLDQ,especially SF-36.CONCLUSION:The Chinese version of SF-36 along with CLDQ is a valid and reliable method for testing MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis and MHE are associated with decreased HRQOL.

Quality of life in chronic pancreatitis

In an era such as the present one in which there is a high demand for health services with the associated pressure of controlling spending, health care organizations are concerned about the cost-effectiveness of quality improvement interventions. On the other hand, the impact of the disease and the treatment on the patient’s overall well-being and functioning has become a topic of growing interest not only in clinical research but also in practice. The clinical evaluation of the benefits of specific treatments for chronic, debilitating and incurable diseases should increasingly include formal assessment of patient activity and well-being. Thus, health-related quality of life as subjectively perceived by the patient, is becoming a major issue in the evaluation of any therapeutic intervention, mainly in patients with chronic or difficult diseases where the aim of the intervention is to keep patients either symptom-free and capable of living in the community for a long time or to reduce the discomfort caused by the disease. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the quality of life assessment in chronic pancreatitis patients.

Gender differences in ghrelin, nociception genes, psychological factors and quality of life in functional dyspepsia

AIM to evaluate gender differences in the aspect of ghrelin,nociception-related genes and psychological aspects and the quality of life(Qo L) in Korean functional dyspepsia(FD) patients.METHODS Total of 191 persons were prospectively enrolled between March 2013 and May 2016 in Seoul National Bundang Hospital,and classified into control and FD group based on ROME Ⅲ criteria. Questionnaire included assessment for dyspepsia symptoms,Qo L and anxiety or depression. Preproghrelin and nociception genes in the gastric mucosa and plasma acyl/des-acyl ghrelin were measured. RESULTS Lower level of plasma acyl ghrelin in FD patients compared to control was significant only in male(15.9 fmol/m L vs 10.4 fmol/m L,P = 0.017). Significantly higher m RNA expressions of nerve growth factor and transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 were observed in male(P = 0.002 and P = 0.014,respectively) than in female. In contrast,female FD patients had a higher anxiety and depression score than male FD(P = 0.029),and anxiety score was correlated with epigastric pain only in female FD patients(female: Spearman rho = 0.420,P = 0.037). The impairment of overall Qo L was more prominent in female FD patients than male patients(5.4 ± 0.3 vs 6.5 ± 0.3,P = 0.020). CONCLUSION Gender differences of ghrelin and nociception-related genes in male and psychological factors in female underlie FD symptoms. More careful assessment of psychological or emotional status is required particularly for the female FD patients.

Struggling to live a new normal life among Chinese women after losing an only child:A qualitative study

Objectives:Losing an only child is a life-altering event that destroys Chinese women’s lives and health in several dimensions.However,there is no unified theory exists to guide nursing practice.This study aimed to discover the substantive theory of how Chinese women live with the loss of their only child.Methods:This qualitative study used the grounded theory method.Purposive sampling,snowball sampling,and theoretical sampling were used to recruit participants.Saturated data from the in-depth interview,observation,and field notes with 13 Chinese women who have lost an only child in Southwest China were analyzed using the constant comparative method concurrently supplemented by the ATLAS.ti program,memo writing,and diagramming.Findings:Struggling to live a new normal life among Chinese women after losing an only child emerged as the substantive theory.It consists of three phases:living in agony,coming to terms,being alive in a new way.Receiving support motivated them to deal with such a loss.However,it brought them back to the previous phase(s)whenever they encountered adverse triggering situations.Therefore,they moved back and forth between these phases.The findings also illustrated that this process was profoundly affected by Chinese culture and personal beliefs.Conclusions:This substantive theory may guide nursing practice based on understanding the living process by working through the three phases.It would help develop a professional care plan recognizing individual diversity and incorporating socio-cultural and religious knowledge to effectively support women to deal with the loss of an only child.

Consensus statement AIGO/SICCR:Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation(partⅠ:Diagnosis)

Chronic constipation is a common and extremely troublesome disorder that significantly reduces the quality of life,and this fact is consistent with the high rate at which health care is sought for this condition.The aim of this project was to develop a consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation and obstructed defecation.The commission presents its results in a "Question-Answer" format,including a set of graded recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature and evidence-based medicine.This section represents the consensus for the diagnosis.The history includes information relating to the onset and duration of symptoms and may reveal secondary causes of constipation.The presence of alarm symptoms and risk factors requires investigation.The physical examination should assess the presence of lesions in the anal and perianal region.The evidence does not support the routine use of blood testing and colonoscopy or barium enema for constipation.Various scoring systems are available to quantify the severity of constipation;the Constipation Severity Instrument for constipation and the obstructed defecation syndrome score for obstructed defecation are the most reliable.The Constipation-Related Quality of Life is an excellent tool for evaluating the patient's quality of life.No single test provides a pathophysiological basis for constipation.Colonic transit and anorectal manometry define the pathophysiologic subtypes.Balloon expulsion is a simple screening test for defecatory disorders,but it does not define the mechanisms.Defecography detects structural abnormalities and assesses functional parameters.Magnetic resonance imaging and/or pelvic floor sonography can further complement defecography by providing information on the movement of the pelvic floor and the organs that it supports.All these investigations are indicated to differentiate between slow transit constipation and obstructed defecation because the treatments differ between these conditions.

Bioactive compounds of sea cucumbers and their therapeutic effects

Abstract Sea cucumbers belong to the Class Holothuroidea of marine invertebrates. They are commercially valuable and prized as a food and folk medicine in Asia. Nutritionally, sea cucumbers have an impressive profile of valuable nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids. A number of unique biological and pharmacological activities/properties, including anticancer, anticoagulant/antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertension and radioprotective, have been ascribed to various compounds isolated from sea cucumbers. The therapeutic properties and medicinal benefits of sea cucumbers can be linked to the presence of a wide array ofbioactives, especially triterpene glycosides, acid mucopolysaccharide, sphingoid bases, glycolipids, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, polysaccharides, phospholipids, cerebrosides, phosphatidylcholines, and other extracts and hydrolysates. This review highlights the valuable bioactive components as well as the multiple therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers with a view to exploring their potential uses as functional foods and a natural source of new multifunctional drugs.

Quality of life in patients with esophageal stenting for the palliation of malignant dysphagia

Diamantis G, Scarpa M, Castoro C, Ancona E and Battaglia G designed the research; Diamantis G, Scarpa M, Bocus P, Realdon S and Castoro C performed the research; Castoro C, Ancona E and Battaglia G contributed analytic tools; Diamantis G, Scarpa M, Bocus P, Realdon S and Castoro C analyzed the data; Diamantis G and Scarpa M wrote the paper; all authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Current treatment of rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease

Rectovaginal fistula(RVF) continues to be the most difficult perianal manifestation of Crohn's disease to treat.This devastating and disabling complication has a significant impact on patients' quality of life and presents unique management challenges.Current therapeutic approaches include many medical therapeutics and surgical treatments with a wide range of success rates reported.However,current evidence is lacking to support any recommendation.The choice of repair depends on various patient and disease factors and basic surgical tenets.In this article,we review the current options to consider in the treatment of Crohn's-related RVF,and try to evaluate their effects on fistulae closure and quality of life.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of a tool to assess the quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung disease

Objective:This paper aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of a tool that assesses the quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(cATAQ-IPF)in patients with interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods:We used the process of scale introduction to establish cATAQ-IPF.The content validity of the scale was evaluated by six experts.A total of 92 patients with ILD completed the cATAQ-IPF,St.George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ),and The Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale at the baseline,and 15 patients completed cATAQ-IPF at the follow-up period 2 weeks later.Thus,yielding data were used to assess various psychometric properties of cATAQ-IPE Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),Cronbach'sαcoefficient,content validity index(CVI),item-level CVI(I-CVI),Pearson's coefficients,criterion-relation validity,and known-group validity were used for data analysis.Results:The cATAQ-IPF showed excellent test-retest reliability(ICC=0.95),except for the therapy domain(Cronbach'sα=0.60)and acceptable internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.96 for the total).The scale-level CVI was 0.80,and the I-CVI was in the range of 0.78-1.00.The total cATAQ-IPF score was strongly correlated with the SGRQ total score(r=0.71,P<0.01).The cATAQ-IPF score of patients with ILD was 250.74±47.39,and that of patients with IPF was 287.90±22.56.Patients with IPF possessed considerable impairments in health-related quality of life according to the cATAQ-IPF score(t=4.94,P<0.01).Conclusions:The cATAQ-IPF is a reliable and valid instrument for the evaluation of quality of life of Chinese patients with various forms of ILD.

A Dynamic Study of Some Biological Active Compounds in the Sea-Buckthorn （Hippophae rhamnoides.L） Berries

In Mongolia, the sea buckthorn is a nontraditional fruit crop. It has been being planted since 2000 in the Botanical garden of Medicinal plants of Monos group, Mongolia. The purpose of this study was to determine how to change biological active compounds in the Sea-buckthorn berries that depending on harvesting season and to describe which harvesting period is efficient to use. In 2013-2014, fruit samples were prepared from our botanical garden such as： Chuiskaya, Maslichnaya, Vitaminnaya, Oranjivaya, Obilniya and Red cultivars on their chemical composition depended from harvesting season. The chemical compositions of fruit were investigated from 19th August to 20th January. We determined total oil, organic acid contents, 13-carotenoid, ascorbic acid, total phenolic content and polysaccharide. The chemical contents were analyzed with the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, colorimetric assay, volume metric analysis method and spectrophotometric method. During the harvesting period, the chemical compositions of samples such as total oil content and polysaccharide content were increased and the contents of organic acid, beta carotenoid and ascorbic acid were decreased. From our study, we concluded that fruit biological active compounds depend from harvest time and it could be used to choose production of seabuckthom product types.

Short health scale: A valid measure of health-related quality of life in Korean-speaking patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM To evaluate the short health scale(SHS),a new,simple,four-part visual analogue scale questionnaire that is designed to assess the impact of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)on health-related quality of life(HRQOL),in Korean-speaking patients with IBD.METHODS The SHS was completed by 256 patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Individual SHS items were correlated with inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire(IBDQ)dimensions and with disease activity to assess validity.Test-retest reliability,responsiveness and patient or disease characteristics with probable association with high SHS scores were analyzed.RESULTS Of 256 patients with IBD,139(54.3%)had UC and 117(45.7%)had CD.The correlation coefficients between SHS questions about"symptom burden","activities of daily living",and"disease-related worry"and their corresponding dimensions in the IBDQ ranged from0.62 to 0.71,compared with correlation coefficients ranging from-0.45 to-0.61 for their non-corresponding dimensions.There was a stepwise increase in SHS scores,with increasing disease activity in both CD and UC(all P values<0.001).Reliability was confirmed with test-retest correlations ranging from 0.68 to 0.90(all P values<0.001).Responsiveness was confirmed with the patients who remained in remission.Their SHS scores remained unchanged,except for the SHS dimension"disease-related worry".In the multivariate analysis,female sex was associated with worse"general well-being"(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.02-5.08)along with worse disease activity.CONCLUSION The SHS is a valid and reliable measure of HRQOL in Korean-speaking patients with IBD.