应用赤霉毒素-芽鞘生测法鉴定小麦品种的抗赤霉病性

用芽鞘生物测定法,测定71个小麦品种(系)对禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素的敏感浓度,并据此进行抗性划分,与田间抗性鉴定结果作比较。结果表明,品种间对禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素敏感性存在着很大差异,与田间抗性鉴定结果存在相关性,其符合率高达84％,证明小麦黄化芽鞘敏感测定用于抗亦霉病性快速鉴定具有一定的可靠性。

Brineshrimp致死率生测法筛选九牛造抗癌活性部位

首次采用Ｂｒｉｎｅｓｈｒｉｍｐ致死率生测法检测了九牛造的不同提取组分的抗癌活性，结果表明其根提取组分均具生物活性。

种子生测法鉴定转Bt基因棉抗虫性

通过室内应用单粒种子生测法鉴定转Bt基因棉抗虫性,明确了单粒棉种室内生测鉴定转Bt基因棉抗虫性的最佳生测条件。将转Bt基因棉种子25℃萌动72 h后匀浆,与0.45 g饲料混匀,以2日龄棉铃虫幼虫为试虫,测定其死亡率。建立了相应的抗性标准:棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率小于25％为中抗,处于25％-50％为抗,50％-65％为高抗,大于65％为特高抗。准确性验证表明,种子生测法同叶片生测法的结果相符,具有较好的准确性。

用幼苗生测法测定黑麦中他感化学物质的不同活性

用几种蔬菜和杂草为靶标，采用培养 法研究了ＢＯ Ａ、ＤＩＢＯＡ和黑麦粗提取液的不同活性。研究表明，ＤＩＢＯＡ对植株根的生长抑制率是ＢＯＡ的７倍，对植株茎的抑制率是ＢＯＡ的４倍。黑麦中提取的他感化学物质（ａｌｌｅｌｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ）对甜瓜、黄瓜、南瓜茎的抑制作用比根强，小粒种子蔬菜西红柿、莴苣较敏感。大粒种子作物瓜类和甜玉米具有耐性。在小粒种子杂草苋、马唐、稗草和牛筋草中，稗草最不敏感。ＢＯＡ和ＤＩＢＯＡ只对小粒和中粒种子的植物苋、狗尾草、稗草、牛筋草、莴苣、西红柿的种子萌发具有抑制作用。大粒种子植物甜瓜、黄瓜、南瓜、玉米、圆叶牵牛、多洼牵牛、钝叶决明对黑麦中他感化学物质具有耐性。生测结果说明，黑麦中的他感化学物质在大粒种子作物中具有防治小粒种子杂草的潜在能力。

微量浸渍生测法——药剂对螨类毒力测定的新方法

螨类由于个体小,测定起来非常困难.通常,将生物体与化学药剂进行接触,即向植物材料喷洒药液或者在药液中浸渍,然后晾干,接上供试的生物体予以测定.这种技术只能对那些在被处理的植物表面来回走动以至于接触到药剂的个体有效,却不能反应出在处理时直接与药剂接触的效果.而且,一些抗性的表现形式在叶片残毒法和直接接触法之间会大大的不同.因此为了研究药剂的效果,经常需要进行直接接触的生测法.

生测法测定甲草胺在土壤中的残留量

根据甲草胺对敏感植物的幼根或幼茎有抑制作用的原理,采用培养皿土培方法,通过测量发芽种子的根、茎长度来测定甲草胺在土壤中的残留量。实验室筛选试验表明,豌豆、黄瓜幼根及燕麦、小麦幼茎是测定甲草胺在土壤中残留量的敏感试材。豌豆及黄瓜的根部对甲草胺的敏感浓度线性范围较宽,为0.1—8.0微克/克土,IC_(50)(在草甸黑土中抑制根长50％所需要的甲草胺浓度)为3.23ppm±0.20及2.3ppm±0.16;燕麦及小麦茎部的敏感范围较窄,为0.5—5.0微克/克土,IC_(50)为1.3 ppm±0.10及2.8 ppm±0.15。用豌豆根生测法测定甲草胺在田间土壤中的消解动态表明,甲草胺在花生田草甸黑土中降解较快,半衰期为3天左右,其结果与气相色谱法接近。

HPLC与生测联合法对阿特拉津高效降解菌株的筛选

针对阿特拉津对后茬敏感作物产生严重药害的情况,本试验从黑龙江省讷河市长期施用阿特拉津的玉米田土样中,驯化分离以阿特拉津为唯一碳氮源的菌株,再利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对其降解率进行精确测定,确定具有较高降解能力的菌株T3AB1,该菌株在108h内对于500mg.L-1阿特拉津的降解率能够达到99%以上。敏感作物生测试验表明阿特拉津经该菌株处理后水稻的芽长和根长的受害情况显著减轻。为阿特拉津高效降解菌株的筛选提供了一种快速、准确的降解率测定方法和一种可靠的菌株修复能力的检验方法。

印楝素不同处理方法对烟粉虱的室内毒力测定

【目的】明确印楝素及其不同施药方式对烟粉虱各虫态的致死作用。【方法】采用黄瓜叶片浸液法和叶柄内吸法测定了0.3%印楝素乳油对烟粉虱成虫、1日龄卵、5日龄卵和1～4龄若虫的室内毒力。【结果】在所测试的浓度范围(0.3125～10.0mg·L-1)内,两种处理方式下烟粉虱各虫态的校正死亡率均随印楝素浓度的增大而顺次显著增大,印楝素叶片浸液处理的校正死亡率高于叶柄内吸处理。印楝素叶片浸液处理对烟粉虱成虫、1日龄卵、5日龄卵、1龄若虫、2龄若虫、3龄若虫、4龄若虫的致死中浓度LC50值分别为3.0246、2.2019、5.7109、0.5909、0.7465、1.6948和2.6603mg·L-1,而叶柄内吸处理的LC50值分别为6.016、4.0321、6.0537、0.8614、0.9941、2.2419和4.4533mg·L-1。【结论】印楝素叶片浸液处理对烟粉虱各龄若虫的致死作用均高于叶柄内吸处理,烟粉虱低龄若虫期是采用印楝素防治的最佳时期。印楝素乳油可望成为防治烟粉虱的重要药剂之一。

云南切梢小蠹对初侵害云南松挥发物的电生理和行为反应

云南切梢小蠹Tomicus yunnanensis(Kirkendall and Faccoli)是一种蛀害云南松Pinus yunnanensis的本土害虫。为深入了解其寄主选择机制,用顶空动态法和浸提法分别提取了初侵染云南松针叶和松脂的挥发性化合物,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)、气相色谱-昆虫触角电位测量系统(GC-EAD)、生测法鉴定和筛选了对云南切梢小蠹具有活性功能的成分。结果表明:云南松针叶和松脂中共有18种化合物,均为萜烯类物质,但两者化学成分的构成有显著差异。针叶中单萜类占99.98%,主要是α-蒎烯(80.82%)、β-蒎烯(8.78%)、D-柠檬烯(4.77%)、莰烯(2.86%)和β-月桂烯(1.42%),而松脂以单萜类和双萜类为主,前者以α-蒎烯(21.38%)、3-蒈烯(21.42%)和异松油烯(2.78%)为主要成分,后者仅有长叶松酸(51.13%)一种。云南切梢小蠹对α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、γ-萜品烯和4-烯丙基苯甲醚有触角电位反应,其中α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和γ-萜品烯具引诱作用,4-烯丙基苯甲醚和β-蒎烯则为驱避功能。研究可为开发植物源引诱剂或与性信息素结合进行种群监测和诱杀提供科学依据。

绿磺隆残留的生测方法研究

作者从指示植物的选用、玉米种子的前处理、培养器皿、加药方式、培养期间的光照处理、培养时间等诸方面对绿磺隆玉米主根长土培生测法进行了研究。结果表明,以玉米掖单4号为生测指示植物,25℃下浸种12h后立即播种,以一次性塑料口杯为培养器皿,采用一次性加药方式,不见光培养6d即可获得满意的生测结果。回归分析表明,绿磺隆浓度与玉米主根长抑制率之间回归模型为Y=aX^b,相关性极好(r>0.90),该方法有很好的重现性、实用性。

几种物质对松材线虫的作用

松材线虫病是松树的一种毁灭性病害。本文选用了几种物质 ,采用浸泡生测法和棉球生测法测定了其对松材线虫的作用。结果表明 ,阿维菌素对松材线虫的杀线活性较强 ,米乐尔次之 ,狼牙刺种子粗提物和氯化铵的杀线活性均较弱 ,氯化钙则无杀线活性。阿维菌素和米乐尔对松材线虫繁殖均有较强的抑制作用 ,狼牙刺种子粗提物的抑制作用较弱 ,氯化铵无抑制作用 。

耐异丙隆和甲基二磺隆小麦种质资源筛选

异丙隆是我国应用最为广泛、施药量最大的麦田除草剂之一,对防除多种禾本科杂草和阔叶类杂草有显著效果;甲基二磺隆是目前有效防除节节麦、雀麦、菵草等恶性杂草的除草剂,但两者在敏感小麦品种上应用会产生药害,特别是低温药害。种植耐除草剂的小麦品种是减轻药害的可行途径。以50%异丙隆可湿性粉剂和30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂为供试药剂,对江苏省85个小麦品种(系)进行耐药性测定。首先以4个小麦品种通过系列剂量测定其耐药性,确定50%异丙隆可湿性粉剂36000 g/hm^(2)(推荐剂量的12倍)和30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂6300 mL/hm^(2)(推荐剂量的14倍)为整株生测法的批量筛选剂量。在此剂量下测试江苏省85个主要种植小麦品种(系)对这2种除草剂的耐药性差异。结果表明:筛选出的对异丙隆高度耐药性(耐药级别之和12~15)、中度耐药性(耐药级别之和10~11)品种(系)分别为7、8个;对甲基二磺隆高度耐药性(耐药级别之和12~14)、中度耐药性(耐药级别之和11)品种(系)分别为11、8个。其中对异丙隆和甲基二磺隆均具有较强耐药性的有明麦133、徐麦33和宁麦28。

新疆棉区转基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫的毒杀效果

用室内生测法研究分析了转基因抗虫棉不同生育期、不同组织器官对棉铃虫 1日龄幼虫的毒杀效果。结果表明 :抗虫棉花不同发育阶段 ,对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫活性存在明显的时间差异 ,总的趋势是前强后弱。抗虫棉花不同组织器官对棉铃虫幼虫的毒杀效果具有空间上的差异 ,蕾和苞叶毒杀效果最强 ,花蕊毒杀效果最弱。抗虫棉花对棉铃虫幼虫具有较强的控制作用 ,幼虫很难存活至化蛹。

Discussion on Calculation Method of Poverty Incidence in the Exit Evaluation of Poverty-Stricken Counties and Villages

Poverty incidence is the key index that needs to be measured in the poverty exit examination and evaluation of 832 poverty-stricken counties and 128 000 poverty-stricken villages. In this paper, based on the statement of general concept and conventional calculation method of the poverty incidence, the calculation method of poverty incidence in the exit evaluation of poverty-stricken counties （also including poverty-stricken township and poverty-stricken villages） was investigated through the view of the third-party evaluation. In addition to considering the previous ＂number of planned poverty remaining population＂, the method also needed to give consideration to the exiting mistaken population, evaluation missing population. Based on the case in Yuanyang County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the poverty incidences of 10 exit planning villages by the end of 2017 in Yuanyang County were investigated and estimated, and suggestions were proposed to promote the precise poverty alleviation and poverty relief of the county.

Method of Growth in Finding the Test Cube of Industrial Robots

In order to find the test cube for industrial robots as specified by ISO 9283, a seed cube is grown up in an irregular working space of the robot, provided that the corners of the cube do not exceed the boundary of the working space. All possible cubes are searched, and the cube with the maximum volume is selected. The calculation examples show that the method of growth can be used for a variety of industrial robots. The method of growth can determine the test cube and test points of irregular working space according to ISO 9283, and can avoid blindness and randomness in the selection of test points.

Determination of the Trace Element Contents in Plants Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The aim of the study is to investigate the contents of trace element Se, Cd, Pb in three plants including burdock, ginkgol and garlic via graphite furnace atomic absorption and standard addition method. The results show that Se in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 32.40, 48.63, 38.10 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 0. 160 0, 0. 300 0, 0. 140 0 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 2. 020, 3. 960, 2. 410 μg/g, respectively. In the ginkgo and ginko leaf, Se contents are 17.63 and 16.91 μg/g, respectively ; for Cd are 0. 181 0 and 0.2020μg/g, respectively ; for Pb are 3. 572 and 4. 021 μg/g, respectively. In garlic, Se, Cd and Pb are 73. 900 0, 6. 900 0 and 0. 390 0, respectively. All the standard deviations of measured results are below 2.3%, recovery rate are from 99% to 101%.

GRAPH GRAMMAR METHOD FOR 3-D CORNER DETECTION

Most of local feature descriptors assume that the scene is planar. In the real scene, the captured images come from the 3-D world. 3-D corner as a novel invariant feature is important for the image matching and the object detection, while automatically discriminating 3-D corners from ordinary corners is difficult. A novel method for 3-D corner detection is proposed based on the image graph grammar, and it can detect the 3-D features of corners to some extent. Experimental results show that the method is valid and the 3-D corner is useful for image matching.

A simple and rapid method for extracting bacterial DNA from intestinal microflora for ERIC-PCR detection

AIM: To develop a simple and convenient method for extracting genomic DNA from intestinal microflora for en- terobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR detection. METHODS: Five methods of extracting bacterial DNA, including Tris-EDTA buffer, chelex-100, ultrapure water, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10% Triton-100 with and without sonication, were compared with the commercial fecal DNA extraction kit method, which is considered as the gold standard for DNA extraction. The comparison was based on the yield and purity of DNA and the indexes of the structure and property of micro-organisms that were reflected by ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: The yield and purity of DNA obtained by the chelex method was similar to that obtained with the fecal DNA kit. The ERIC-PCR results obtained for the DNA extracted by the chelex method and those obtained for DNA extracted with the fecal DNA kit were basically the same.CONCLUSION: The chelex method is recommended for ERIC-PCR experiments in view of its simplicity and cost- effectiveness; and it is suitable for extracting total DNA from intestinal micro-organisms, particularly for handling a large number of samples.

Influence of outliers on QTL mapping for complex traits

A method was proposed for the detection of outliers and influential observations in the framework of a mixed linear model, prior to the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis. We investigated the impact of outliers on QTL mapping for complex traits in a mouse BXD population, and observed that the dropping of outliers could provide the evidence of additional QTL and epistatic loci affecting the 1stBrain-OB and the 2ndBrain-OB in a cross of the abovementioned population. The results could also reveal a remarkable increase in estimating heritabilities of QTL in the absence of outliers. In addition, simulations were conducted to investigate the detection powers and false discovery rates (FDRs) of QTLs in the presence and absence of outliers. The results suggested that the presence of a small proportion of outliers could increase the FDR and hence decrease the detection power of QTLs. A drastic increase could be obtained in the estimates of standard errors for position, additive and additive× environment interaction effects of QTLs in the presence of outliers.

Notes on Two Marine Ciliates from the Yellow Sea,China:Placus salinus and Strombidium apolatum(Protozoa,Ciliophora)

The living morphology and infraciliature of two rare marine ciliates, Placussalinus Dietz, 1964 and Strombidium apolatum Wilbert and Song, 2005, collected from the coastalwaters near Qingdao, China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnationtechnique. The improved diagnosis for Placus salinus is as follows: medium-sized marine Placus, invivo (50-60) μm X (30-40) μm; cell elliptical to barrel-shaped; 28-31 somatic kineties; singlemacronucleus usually ellipsoid and one micronucleus located in the indention of the macronucleus;one contractile vacuole posteriorly positioned. Strombidium apolatum is characterized by: marinestrombidium (40-60) μm X (30-45) μm in vivo, cordiform in shape with somewhat pointed posteriorend and conspicuous apical protrusion; extrusomes prominent, about 15 μm in length and evenlyarranged along the circle kinety; about 16 collar and 5-6 buccal membranelles; one elongatemacronucleus and one micronucleus; circle and ventral kineties consisting of about 53 and 45dikinetids respectively.