UNITANK系统生物—化学联合除磷工艺中试研究

以诸暨市水样进行的中试研究表明,采用生物—化学联合除磷工艺对UNITANK系统进行常规改进得不偿失。但可以考虑采用生物—化学联合除磷工艺作为UNITANK系统应对TP冲击负荷的应急处理工艺。

学科融合背景下生物学与化学跨学科教学的问题与建议

本文从学生、教师以及教材出发,围绕高中生物学和化学的跨学科教学展开讨论,从科学性、一致性和先后性等方面探讨了学科融合在实际教学中可能面临的问题及实施措施。

生物学与化学跨学科核心素养及概念初探

跨学科概念能够打破学科界限,提供高阶思维工具,利于培养全面发展的人。本文分析了生物学与化学学科核心素养的贯通之处,总结出“结构与性质相适应、性质与功能相适应”这一生物学—化学跨学科核心素养,提炼出“生命活动的本质包括化学键的重组和化学分子间的作用力变化”这一生物学—化学跨学科大概念,为深入的跨学科研究提供初步建议。

Cosmic Ray-driven Bioenergetics for Life in Molecular Clouds

According to models such as panspermia or the Nebula-Relay hypothesis,the ancestors of life on Earth once lived in molecular clouds.Then what are the energy source and bioenergetics for such lifeforms?A new bioenergetic mechanism powered by cosmic ray ionization of hydrogen molecules is proposed and its relation with the origin of chemiosmosis is also discussed in this paper.Based on this mechanism,the Last Universal Common Ancestor may be a type of lifeform that utilizes hydrogen molecules as donors of electron transport chains.

Bioaccumulation,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in Aster subulatus Michx.

【Objective】Through analyzing the bioaccumulation capacity,subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium(Cd)in Aster subulatus Michx.,this study was to provide reference for revealing the Cd tolerance mechanism of A.subulatus Michx.【Method】After cultured for 24 d under the action of Hoagland nutrient solution and gradient Cd concentrations(0,30,60 and 90 mg/L),A.subulatus Michx.were harvested,and its leaf,stem and root were treated by differential centrifugation,chemical reagent extraction,and digested with graphite digester,respectively,then the Cd content in the root,stem and leaf were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.【Result】The experimental results indicated that the bioaccumulation capacity of Cd in A.subulatus Michx.was root>stem>leaf,and the maximum Cd concentration in the root,stem and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.were 130.74,78.69 and 56.62 mg/kg(fresh matter),respectively.Most of Cd stored in the cell wall and the soluble fractions of the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,with only a smaller portion Cd in organelle fraction.Analysis result of subcellular Cd content showed that 52.27%-58.61%of Cd for root was mainly stored in the soluble fraction,but 42.10%-63.28%of Cd for leaf was mainly stored in the cell wall fraction.The concentration of pectates and protein integrated-Cd was higher in the root and leaf compared to other chemical forms Cd.Pectates and protein integrated-Cd was the main chemical forms Cd in the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,and their percentages were 68.91%-74.80%and 57.38%-83.80%,respectively.Cd treatment could significantly increase the proportion of water-soluble organic acid Cd from 13.64%to 22.72%in root and undissolved phosphate Cd from 10.02%to 32.78%in leaf with increasing Cd concentration in the culture medium.【Conclusion】The root,stem and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.has strong bioaccumulation capacity to Cd,Cd is primarily stored in the soluble fractions of the root and cell wall fractions of the leaf,and less toxic pectates and protein integrated-Cd is the main chemical forms Cd in the root and leaf of A.subulatus Michx.,this might be the main mechanism of Cd tolerance in A.subulatus Michx.

Engineering the coordination structure of Cu for enhanced photocatalytic production of C_(1) chemicals from glucose

Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy vectors.However,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains challenging.Here,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen doping.Owing to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

Laser processing effects on Ti−45Nb alloy surface,corrosive and biocompatible properties

The Ti−45Nb(wt.%)alloy properties were investigated in relation to its potential biomedical use.Laser surface modification was utilized to improve its performance in biological systems.As a result of the laser treatment,(Ti,Nb)O scale was formed and various morphological features appeared on the alloy surface.The electrochemical behavior of Ti−45Nb alloy in simulated body conditions was evaluated and showed that the alloy was highly resistant to corrosion deterioration regardless of additional laser surface modification treatment.Nevertheless,the improved corrosion resistance after laser treatment was evident(the corrosion current density of the alloy before laser irradiation was 2.84×10^(−8)A/cm^(2),while that after laser treatment with 5 mJ was 0.65×10^(−8)A/cm^(2))and ascribed to the rapid formation of a complex and passivating bi-modal surface oxide layer.Alloy cytotoxicity and effects of the Ti−45Nb alloy laser surface modification on the MRC-5 cell viability,morphology,and proliferation were also investigated.The Ti−45Nb alloy showed no cytotoxic effect.Moreover,cells showed improved viability and adherence to the alloy surface after the laser irradiation treatment.The highest average cell viability of 115.37%was attained for the alloy laser-irradiated with 15 mJ.Results showed that the laser surface modification can be successfully utilized to significantly improve alloy performance in a biological environment.

一种野生麻纤维脱胶初探

对一种原产于新疆的野生麻分别进行了麻纤维微生物脱胶、麻纤维生物 -化学联合脱胶、麻纤维化学 -生物联合脱胶前处理.经试验发现野生麻化学 -生物联合脱胶方法更适用于野生麻纤维的脱胶.

汽车内饰用胡麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其性能

为研究汽车内饰材料的轻量化、环保化,选用胡麻纤维为增强体,环氧树脂为基体,利用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型的方法制备汽车内饰用胡麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料。详细阐述了胡麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备过程以及胡麻纤维的生物—化学联合脱胶过程,分析了成型过程中胡麻纤维的用量以及改性处理对胡麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响,确定了最佳的工艺参数,从而获得性能良好的板材。结果表明:采用质量分数为30%的胡麻纤维和2.5%的硅烷偶联剂时,胡麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的相关力学指标达到最佳,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、压缩强度分别为54.32、127.19、211.95 MPa。

A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY RECOGNIZING NON DERIVATIVE 13 HYDROXY GIBBERELLINS AND THEIR GLUCOSIDES *

The production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MAb AB10) against GA 3 glucoside as well as GA 3 is described. MAb AB10 was derived from an immunogen in which human serum albumin (HSA) was linked to GA 3 at carbon 3. This antibody showed high affinity for GA 3 glucoside as well as for 13 hydroxy gibberellins (GA 1, GA 3, GA 5, etc). The affinity of MAb AB10 for 13 hydroxy GAs was significantly reduced by methylation of the 7 oic acid but not by glycosylation of 3 hydroxyl group. Based on this antibody, both of competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for GA 3 glucoside and for GA 3 were developed. These two ELISAs displayed linear detection ranges from 0 2 pmol to 20 pmol. Using these assays, the fluctuation of GA 3 like and GA 3 glucoside like substances in the leaves of Rumex japonicus was investigated. The results indicated that the glycosylation of free GAs was connected with leaf senescence and that the function of 6 benzyl amino purine in retarding the leaf senescence was probably related to delaying the process of glycosylation of free GAs.

Herpetin, a New Bioactive Lignan Isolated from Herpetospermum caudigerum

Aim To study the chemical constituents of seeds of Herpetospermum caudigerum. Methods Column chromatography was used in the isolation procedure, and the structure was elucidated by spectral data, whose pharmacologic activity was assayed in vitro. Results A new compound named herpetin was isolated, whose structure was determined to be 3-benzofuran methanol-2, 3-dihydm-2-（4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl ）-4-methoxy-6-[ tetrahydm-2-（ 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl ）-3-methanol ]-2- furanmethyl, showed significant inhibitory effects on HBV-DNA and the replication and expression of HBsAg and HBeAg. Conclusion Herpetin offers wide research and development prospect.

Determination of the Trace Element Contents in Plants Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The aim of the study is to investigate the contents of trace element Se, Cd, Pb in three plants including burdock, ginkgol and garlic via graphite furnace atomic absorption and standard addition method. The results show that Se in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 32.40, 48.63, 38.10 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 0. 160 0, 0. 300 0, 0. 140 0 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 2. 020, 3. 960, 2. 410 μg/g, respectively. In the ginkgo and ginko leaf, Se contents are 17.63 and 16.91 μg/g, respectively ; for Cd are 0. 181 0 and 0.2020μg/g, respectively ; for Pb are 3. 572 and 4. 021 μg/g, respectively. In garlic, Se, Cd and Pb are 73. 900 0, 6. 900 0 and 0. 390 0, respectively. All the standard deviations of measured results are below 2.3%, recovery rate are from 99% to 101%.

Effect of moderately thermophilic bacteria on metal extraction and electrochemical characteristics for zinc smelting slag in bioleaching system

The effects of moderately thermophilic bacteria on the extraction of metals from zinc smelting slag and electrochemical characteristics of zinc smelting slag carbon paste electrode in bioleaching process were studied. The results show that the extraction rates of Fe, Cu and Zn from the slag reach 86.7%, 90.3% and 66.7% after adsorbed bacteria sterilize, while those with adsorbed bacteria are 91.9%, 96.0% and 84.5% in conditions of pulp density 2%, pH 1.0, temperature 65 °C and stirring rate 120 r/min, respectively. Some stretching peaks of functional groups from bacterial secretes on the bioleached residue surface, such as 1007 cm-1 and 1193 cm-1, turn up through FI-IR analysis and indirectly reveal the presence of the adsorbed bacteria on the slag particles surface. Besides, the corrosion of zinc smelting slag is enhanced by bacteria according to the characteristics of cyclic voltametry and Tafel curves in bioleaching system.

Application of Biological Pesticides in Medicinal Plants

At present, the excessive application of traditional chemical pesticides, serious pesticide residue pollution and destruction of the ecological balance in China have become important factors affecting the quality and safety of medicinal material. Biological pesticides are rapidly developed due to their characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and residue. This study aimed to introduce the specific property of biological pesticides, review the classification of biological pesticides and their application in medicinal plants, analyze the problems in the production and utilization process of biological pesticides, and forecast the developmental prospect.

Enantio-selective preparation of (S)-1-phenylethanol by a novel marine GDSL lipase MT6 with reverse stereo-selectivity

We previously functionally characterized a novel marine microbial GDSL lipase MT6 and identified that the stereo-selectivity of MT6 was opposite to that of other common lipases in trans-esterification reactions.Herein,we have investigated the use of MT6 in stereo-selective biocatalysis through direct hydrolysis reactions.Notably,the stereo-selectivity of MT6 was also demonstrated to be opposite to that of other common lipases in hydrolysis reactions.Parameters,including temperature,organic co-solvents,pH,ionic strength,catalyst loading,substrate concentration,and reaction time,affecting the enzymatic resolution of racemic 1-phenylethyl acetate were further investigated,with the e.e.of the final（S）-l-Phenylethanol product and the conversion being 97%and 28.5%,respectively,after process optimization.The lengths of side chains of 1-phenylethyl esters greatly affected the stereo-selectivity and conversion during kinetic resolutions.MT6 is a novel marine microbial GDSL lipase exhibiting opposite stereo-selectivities than other common lipases in both trans-esterification reactions and hydrolysis reactions.

Effect of Biochar on the Chemical Fertility of Vegetable Soil

[Objective] To investigate the effect of biochar on the chemical fertility of vegetable soil. [Method] By pot experiments, the effect of biochar the soil pH and the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, readily available potassium, avail- able phosphorus, water-soluble phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium were investigated. The experiment contained five treatments, i.e., CK （no biochar）, T1 （0.10% biochar）, T2 （0.25% biochar）, T3 （0.50% biochar） and T4 （1.00% biochar）. [Result] As the application amount of biochar increases in the treatments, the soil pH, the content of organic matter and readily available potassium ascended significantly, with a trend of T4〉T3 〉T2〉TI〉CK; the contents of available phospho- rus and water-soluble phosphorus first show upward trend then downward trend, with T3 being the highest and CK the lowest; the contents of available nitrogen and exchangeable magnesium did not assume obvious change; compared with control, an appropriate amount of char could significantly increase the content of exchangeable calcium. [Conclusion] Biochar can significantly improve the chemical fertility of vegetable soil, and the application amount in T3 （0.50% biochar） brings the best effects.

Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Chemical Composition

Through field experiment,special biological fertilizer and cake fertilizer were applied collectively to tobacco,and chemical compositions of Wanxi flue-cured tobacco leaves were researched.The results showed that the increase of biological organic fertilizer would significantly improve soil nutrient supplying capacity.Compared with conventional fertilization,the contents of reducing sugar,total sugar and starch in different parts of tobaccos which were applied with biological organic fertilizer were closer to standards of excellent tobacco.In the treatment,the ratio of reducing sugar and nicotine in tobacco was more suitable in middle and lower parts of the plant and the contents of total N,nicotine and chlorine in tobacco were lowered,improving tobacco quality.

Non-premixed Combustion Model of Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasifier for Hydrogen-Rich Gas

Fluidized bed biomass gasifiers can be employed to produce hydrogen-rich gas. A non-premixed combustion model is used for biomass air-steam gasification in the gasifier, and the simulations were carried out by using the FLUENT 6.0 software. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data. The effects of the steam to biomass ratio （S/B）, the equivalence ratio （ER）, and the size of biomass particles on the hydrogen yield were studied. Meanwhile, the distributions of hydrogen inside the gasifier at different conditions are also described.

Electrochemical oxidation behavior of pyrite bioleaching by Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of pyrite in bioleaching system of Acidthiobacillusferrooxidans was investigated by cyclic voltammetry （CV）, polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. The results show that in the presence or absence of A. ferrooxidans, the oxidation reaction of pyrite is divided into two steps： the first reaction step involves the oxidation of pyrite to S, and the second reaction step is the oxidation of S to SO4^2-. The oxidation mechanism of pyrite is not changed in the presence of A. ferrooxidans, but the oxidation rate of pyrite is accelerated. With the extension of reaction time of A. ferrooxidan with pyrite, the polarization current density of pyrite increases and the breakdown potential at which the passive film dissolves decreases. The impedance in the presence ofA. ferrooxidans is obviously lower than that in the absence of A. ferrooxidans, further indicating that microorganism accelerates the corrosion process of pyrite.

The Study on the Localization of Acid Phosphatase Activity During Spermiogenesis in Chinese Mitten-Handed Crab,Eriocheir sinensis

Ultrastructural cytochemical techniques and electron microscopy were used for localization of acid phosphatase activity during spermiogenesis in Eriocheir sinemsis. The results showed that： Acid phosphatase was synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum in the early spermatids. The acid phosphatase was found gradually in nucleus, the membrane of acrosomal vesicle, the cytoplasmic region and the acrosomal tubule. And then the reaction product particles became thicker during the spermiogenesis. In the mature sperm, acid phosphatase was localized in the percutor organ slightly, but it was massive and compact in the acrosomal tubule.