牛巴贝斯虫病诊断技术研究进展

牛巴贝斯虫病是一种寄生于红细胞内的巴贝斯虫所引起的血液原虫病,可导致红细胞裂解从而出现溶血性贫血,严重时可导致牛的死亡。该病的流行情况与其传播媒介硬蜱的消长、活动规律密切相关,具有明显的季节性和地方流行性,对于世界的畜牧业造成了极大的经济损失。因此,能够及早地检测到巴贝斯虫显得尤为重要。论文在查阅国内外文献的基础上,对牛巴贝斯虫病的诊断技术进行了综述,以期为牛巴贝斯虫病的检测及防控提供参考。

Review of Research Methods on Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） are essential functional microbiology in natural ecosystems. It is very important to research community composition and di- versity of AMF for achieving sustainable development of ecosystems. The paper described several methods of researching the diversity of AMF, especially for molecular techniques, reviewed the application status of these methods in AMF research, and pointed out that the effective combination of morphological and molecular methods could better reveal the biodiversity and ecological functions of AMF in natural ecosystems.

Molecular biology of pancreatic cancer

In spite of continuous research efforts directed at early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer, the outlook for patients affected by the disease remains dismal. With most cases still being diagnosed at advanced stages, no improvement in survival prognosis is achieved with current diagnostic imaging approaches. In the absence of a dominant precancerous condition, several risk factors have been identified including family history, chronic pancreatitis, smoking, diabetes mellitus, as well as certain genetic disorders such as hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, and Peutz-Jeghers and Lynch syn- dromes. Most pancreatic carcinomas, however, remain sporadic. Current progress in experimental molecular techniques has enabled detailed understanding of the molecular processes of pancreatic cancer development. According to the latest information, malignant pancre- atic transformation involves multiple oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes that are involved in a variety of signaling pathways. The most characteristic aberrations （somatic point mutations and allelic losses） affect onco- genes and tumor-suppressor genes within RAS, AK-I- and Wnt signaling, and have a key role in transcription and proliferation, as well as systems that regulate the cell cycle （SMAD/DPC, CDKN2A/p16） and apoptosis （TP53）. Understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms should promote development of new methodology for early diagnosis and facilitate improvement in current approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Effects of Nutrients on Biofouling Formation and Preponderant Bacteria Diversity in Recirculating Cooling Water System

A series of orthogonal array experiments were conducted using carbon source, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus （TP） as major influencing factors to investigate the effects of nutrients on biofouling formation and preponderant bacteria diversity in the recirculatiug cooling water system. Carbon source was demonstrated to be the most significant determinant affecting the biofouling formation. A minimum biofouling outcome was obtained when BOD2, NHa＋-N and TP were 25, 10, and 1 mg/L, respectively. Then the preponderant bacteria strains in biofouling mass under two typical culture conditions （negative and favorable） were identified applying both traditional biochemical methods and further molecular biology technology with phylogenetic affiliation analysis, which indicated that Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter, Micrococcaceae Staphylococcus, Bacillaceae Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae Proteus, Neisseriaceae Neisseria and Pseudomonadaceae Pseudomonas were dominant under negative condition, while Enterobacteriaceae Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacter and Microbacterium - under favorable one.

Isolation and Identification of Main Fungal Pathogens in Muskmelon in Open Field of Hubei Province in Summer

Fungal diseases often occur seriously in muskmelon in open field of Hubei Province in summer, especially in continuous cropping pattern, resulting in great economic losses. In this study, the pathogens of main fungal diseases in muskmelon in open field of Hubei Province were isolated, and they were identified by morphological and molecular techniques. The results showed that muskmelon fusarium wilt is a major disease in muskmelon in open field of Hubei Province in summer, and its pathogen was confirmed to be Fusarium oxysporum. In future studies, one pair of specific primers would be designed to detect different pathogenic races of Fusarium oxysporum so as to accelerate the detection and to shorten the detection time,thereby proving guidance for actual production.

Cytogenetic Diagnosis and Analysis of the Clinical Profile of Individuals with Non-down Syndrome Intellectual Disability

Chromosomal alterations are the main causes of genetic diseases. One of the characteristics of certain genetic syndromes is ID （intellectual disability） presented by the individual in varying degrees. The study of the ID, its etiology, association or not with chromosomal abnormalities and a clinical diagnosis associated with the examination of karyotype are important aspects to consider when providing genetic counseling for families. Due to the lack of similar studies and of easy access to cytogenetic services for the Amazonian population, this study aimed to contribute to the advancement of this line of study in the state, analyzing the karyotype of individuals with ID, not Down Syndrome treated at the APAE-Manaus and identifying the main types of chromosomal alterations in the individuals analyzed. Analyzes were performed of the clinical diagnosis through investigation of the data from the interview and medical records as well as analysis of the karyotype of 31 patients with non-Down syndrome ID, attended in the APAE-Manaus. Of these subjects, 20 were female and 11 male. The results showed only 2 cases of chromosome abnormalities are detectable by classical cytogenetics, one of mosaic Turner syndrome and one a heterochromatic variant. It is therefore necessary to complement the study with the addition of molecular techniques for the investigation of microdeletions and/or other alterations not detectable through the banding technique, mainly for individuals whose dysmorphisms indicate a suspected syndrome.

The recent disciplinal progresses of agricultural entomology in China

In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)), on the standardized monitoring techniques for safety of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) products, and on the virus transmission property of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)) as well as the interactions between vector and rice stripe virus (RSV), were reported. All of these researches are very important for controlling agricultural insect pests and the diseases they transmit, accelerating the molecular biological research of silkworm, and promoting the international trade of honey bee products. Most of these achievements mentioned above have got the national, provincial, ministerial or municipal awards on science and technology.

Cell orientation of swimming bacteria:From theoretical simulation to experimental evaluation

The motion of small bacteria consists of two phases:relatively long runs alternate with intermittent stops,back-ups,or tumbles,depending on the species.In polar monotrichous bacteria,the flagellum is anchored at the cell pole inherited from the parent generation(old pole) and is surrounded by a chemoreceptor cluster.During forward swimming,the leading pole is always the pole recently formed in cell division(new pole).The flagella of the peritrichous bacterium Escherichia coli often form a bundle behind the old pole.Its cell orientation and receptor positioning during runs generally mimic that of monotrichous bacteria.When encountering a solid surface,peritrichous bacteria exhibit a circular motion with the leading pole dipping downward.Some polar monotrichous bacteria also perform circular motion near solid boundaries,but during back-ups.In this case,the leading pole points upward.Very little is known about behavior near milieu-air interfaces.Biophysical simulations have revealed some of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena,but leave many questions unanswered.Combining biophysics with molecular techniques will certainly advance our understanding of bacterial locomotion.

The Change-Over of Yin-yang and Gene Regulation in Kidney Deficiency Syndromes

The present paper studies gene regulation in kidney deficiency syndromes from the simple Nephrotic Syndrome and with the principle of positive-negative regulation to control the change-over ofyin-yang, the modem molecular biological techniques can be used, such as gene chip, representational difference analysis （RDA） and gene sequence analysis, so as to investigate the inner relationship between the genes and kidney deficiency syndromes and prove the effect given by these genes on the pathophysiological status of change-over ofyin-yang in kidney deficiency syndromes. This philosophical approach and method can also be adopted for studies of the related genes in other TCM syndromes.

Assessing protein-DNA interactions: Pros and cons of classic and emerging techniques

Investigation of protein-DNA interactions provides important information for understanding gene function and regulation, but identification and validation of specific interactions remain major challenges in the post-genomics era. Therefore, effective and economical methods to assess protein-DNA interactions are highly sought-after by molec- ular biologists.