一种土壤生物反应剂改良土壤和石英砂的效果

着重介绍了研发的一种土壤生物反应剂的研发工艺及其改良土壤和石英砂的效果。结果表明:在自然环境下,土壤生物反应剂能够改变土壤和石英砂的晶体结构,增加其中水溶性Si离子的浓度,改变其电化学性质,从而能够改善土壤和石英砂的性质,具有改良土壤和环境方面的应用价值。

生物反应调节剂在肿瘤免疫疗法中的应用

目前肿瘤治疗的主要手段是手术、化疗和放疗。免疫疗法由于能提高机体本身的抗肿瘤能力曾受到关注,但因为很难获得大量特异性高的抗体和各种生物活性物质,因此未能成为临床肿瘤治疗的手段。80年代以来,生物工程技术和免疫学技术的不断发展,使各种细胞因子、单克隆抗体都能大量制备,因此有可能作为治疗制剂用于临床。本文概述了生物反应调节剂的特性及各种细胞因子、单克隆抗体、肿瘤疫苗和抗独特型疫苗在肿瘤治疗中的应用。

生物反应修饰剂与生物治疗(一)

生物反应修筛剂是通过改变肿瘤与宿主之间的关系而产生抗瘤效应的药物,它比免疫调节剂的范围更广,还包括非免疫作用的药物。这种的治疗新方式称为生物治疗,现在已与化疗、放疗和手术并列,成为癌症治疗的第四种手段。文章概述了生物反应修筛剂的发展状况、分类、作用机理、药物筛选及临床应用,简要介绍实际应用的传统免疫调节剂如微生物、多糖、多肽等天然或合成药物,并列举了采用生物高技术制造的干扰素、白介素—2、肿瘤下死因子、单克隆抗体和集落刺激因子的新进展。

肝动脉化疗栓塞术和生物反应修饰剂联合治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的临床观察

对介入性放射肝动脉化疗栓塞和生物反应修饰剂联合治疗中晚期原发性肝癌３５例的临床疗效进行观察。结果显示：其肿瘤缩小率、ＡＦＰ下降水平和生存期均明显优于对照组。其中６个月生存率为８０％，χ２＝４．４８１６。Ｐ＜０．０５，１年生存率为５７．１％，χ２＝４．４８９５，Ｐ＜０．０５。而且术后并发症或副作用少，能改善病人的生活质量。认为两种手段联合治疗中晚期原发性肝癌是一种比较理想的方法。

生物反应修饰剂与生物治疗(二)

二、生物反应修饰剂的发展过程 1、历史回顾生物反应修饰剂是在免疫治疗的基础上发展起来的。肿瘤免疫治疗起始于十九世纪,1868年有人报导几例肉瘤患者感染丹毒后发生肿瘤自然消退现象。

Production of Chiral Aromatic Alcohol by Asymmetric Reduction with Vegetable Catalyst

Chiral aromatic alcohols are the key chiral building block for many important enantiopure pharmaceu-ticals. In this work,we studied asymmetric reduction of prochiral aromatic ketone to produce the corresponding chiral alcohol using vegetables as the biocatalyst. Acetophenone was chosen as the model substrate. The results in-dicate that acetophenone can be reduced to the corresponding chiral alcohols with high enantioselectivity by the chosen vegetables,i.e. apple(Malus pumila),carrot(Daucus carota),cucumber(Cucumis sativus),onion(Allium cepa),potato(Soanum tuberosum),radish(Raphanus sativus),and sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas) . In the reaction,R-1-phenylethanol is produced with apple,sweet potato and potato as the catalyst,while S-1-phenylethanol is the product with the other vegetables as the catalyst. In term of the enantioselectivity and reaction yield,carrot(D. ca-rota) is the best catalyst for this reaction. Furthermore,the reaction characteristics were studied in detail using car-rot(D. carota) as the biocatalyst. The effects of various factors on the reaction were investigated and the optimal reaction conditions were determined. Under the optimal reaction conditions(reaction time 50 h,substrate concen-tration 20 mmol·L-1,reaction temperature 35 °C and pH 7),95% of e.e.(to S-1-phenylethanol) and 85% chemical yield can be obtained. This work extends the biocatalyst for the asymmetric reduction reaction of prochiral aromatic ketones,and provides a novel potential route to produce enantiopure aromatic alcohols.

香菇多糖的研究进展

本文概述了香菇多糖作为菌类药物的研究现状及其免疫药理作用，介绍了香菇多糖提取分离方法和结构组成，提出了作者对利用香菇多糖作为免疫佐剂应用前景的看法。

Fe/N-doped mesoporous carbons derived from soybeans: A highly efficient and low-cost non-precious metal catalyst for ORR

Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in many energy storage and conversion devices.Currently,the development of inexpensive and high-performance carbon-based non-precious-metal ORR catalysts in alkaline media still gains a wide attention.In this paper,the mesoporous Fe-N/C catalysts were synthesized through SiO2-mediated templating method using biomass soybeans as the nitrogen and carbon sources.The SiO2 templates create a simultaneous optimization of both the surface functionalities and porous structures of Fe-N/C catalysts.Detailed investigations indicate that the Fe-N/C3 catalyst prepared with the mass ratio of SiO2 to soybean being 3:4 exhibits brilliant electrocatalytic performance,excellent long-term stability and methanol tolerance for the ORR,with the onset potential and the half-wave potential of the ORR being about 0.890 V and 0.783 V(vs RHE),respectively.Meanwhile,the desired 4-electron transfer pathway of the ORR on the catalysts can be observed.It is significantly proposed that the high BET specific surface area and the appropriate pore-size,as well as the high pyridinic-N and total nitrogen loadings may play key roles in enhancing the ORR performance for the Fe-N/C3 catalyst.These results suggest a feasible route based on the economical and sustainable soybean biomass to develop inexpensive and highly efficient non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts for the ORR.

Bovine serum albumin:An efficient and green biocatalyst for the one-pot four-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

The use of biocatalysts is attracting an increasing amount of attention in chemical catalysis.Here,we have shown that bovine serum albumin（BSA）,a ubiquitous,inexpensive,non-enzymatic transport protein,can serve as an efficient,retrievable catalyst in the one-pot four-component reaction of aryl aldehydes,malononitrile,hydrazine hydrate,and ethyl acetoacetate for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles under mild reaction conditions.The BSA biocatalyst also displayed a high catalytic affinity for acyclic/cyclic ketones to yield the corresponding pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles or their spirocyclic variants.The BSA could be used for at least five cycles without serious loss of catalytic activity.This novel,efficient protocol has the merits of high yield,operational simplicity,and a relatively benign environmental impact.Moreover,the method extends the promiscuity of BSA as a biocatalyst.

Continuous production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil and methanol using a column reactor packed with calcined sodium silicate base catalyst

Sodium silicate and that calcined at 400℃ for 2 h were used to catalyze the transesterification of cottonseed oil with methanol. Calcined sodium silicate （CSS） catalyst exhibited much higher catalytic activity and stability. A maximum biodiesel yield of 98.9~ was achieved at methanol/oil mole ratio of 12：1, reaction temperature 65℃, reaction time 3.0 h, and CSS/oil mass ratio of 2 Wffo. After 7 consecutive reactions without any treatment, biodiesel yield reduced to 82.5%. Considering technological and economic feasibility, CSS base catalyst supported on 0 rings was prepared for continuous transesterification. The maximum yield was 99.1% under optimum conditions （reaction temperature 55 ~C, methanol velocity 1 ml. rain- 1, oil velocity 3 ml- rain- 1, and 5 tower sec- tions）. These results indicate that this new continuous biodiesel production process and apparatus present a great potential for industrial application in biodiesel.

Reaction Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Oil Using a Carbon-based Solid Acid Catalyst

The kinetics of simultaneous transesterification and esterification with a carbon-based solid acid catalyst was studied.Two solid acid catalysts were prepared by the sulfonation of carbonized vegetable oil asphalt and petroleum asphalt.These catalysts were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis,acidity site concentration,the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）surface area and pore size.The kinetic parameters with the two catalysts were determined,and the reaction system can be described as a pseudo homogeneous catalyzed reaction.All the forward and reverse reactions follow second order kinetics.The calculated concentration values from the kinetic equations are in good agreement with experimental values.

肿瘤的联合基因治疗

1 不同目的基因之间的联合应用1.1 自杀基因与免疫基因之间的联合应用将 HSV-tk 基因与能增强抗瘤免疫力的免疫基因联合应用可提高疗效。chen 等于结肠癌肝转移模型上。

Maximum Hydrogen Production by Autothermal Steam Reforming of Bio-oil With NiCuZnAI Catalyst

Autothermal steam reforming （ATR） of bio-oil, which couples the endothermic steam reform- ing reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation, offers many advantages from a technical and economic point of view. Effective production of hydrogen through ATR of bio-oil was performed at lower temperature with NiCuZnAl catalyst. The highest hydrogen yield from bio-oil reached 64.3% with a nearly complete bio-oil conversion at 600℃, the ratio of steam to carbon fed （S/C） of 3 and the oxygen to carbon ratio （O/C） of 0.34. The reaction conditions in ATR including temperature, O/C, S/C and weight hourly space velocity can be used to control both hydrogen yield and products distribution. The comparison between the ATR and common steam reforming of bio-oil was studied. The mechanism of the ATR of bio-oil was also discussed.

Synthesis and Surface-Active Properties of Carboxymethylcellulose Esters Obtained by Microwave Assisted Transesterification of Vinyl Laurate

Polymeric biosurfactants were prepared by the transesterification reaction between vinyl laurate （VILA） and carboxymethylcellulose （CMC）. The reaction was performed in two different reaction media （（A） DMF/pTSA and （B） DMF/K2CO3） at various reaction conditions and using microwave radiation with controlled power as heating source. The obtained water-soluble VILA-CMC derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and their surface-active properties evaluated. All derivatives showed a very low esterification extent and moderate surface tension lowering effect. Nevertheless, they exhibited significant emulsifying efficiency comparable to that of the synthetic surfactant, Tween 20. The results suggested that suitable surface-active VILA-CMC derivatives can be prepared under microwave heating at low microwave power and reaction times in the range of few minutes, which represents a great advantage in comparison to transesterification reactions lasting up to 6 h at conventional heating.

负载肝癌抗原的树突状细胞治疗肝癌的研究现状

原发性肝癌（primary hepaitc carcinoma，PHC）是我国常见的肿瘤之一，其恶性程度高，疗效差，全球每年约有25万人死于此病，其中约45％发生在中国。目前对于原发性肝癌的治疗手段主要有外科切除、肝血管栓塞化疗、无水酒精注射治疗、射频治疗、生物反应修饰剂的治疗及化疗等多种方法，而临床上主要采取以手术为主，辅以其它方法的综合治疗措施，虽然取得了较大的进步，但5年生存率及病人的生存质量仍不尽人意。

Biocatalytic direct asymmetric aldol reaction using proteinase from Aspergillus melleus

The direct asymmetric aldol reaction of aromatic aldehydes with cyclic or acyclic ketones was catalyzed by proteinase from Aspergillus melleus (AMP) in acetonitrile in the presence of water. A wide range of substrates could be transformed into the corresponding aldol products in yields up to 89%, enantioselectivities up to 91% ee and diastereoselectivities up to >99:1 (anti/syn). This work provided an example of enzyme catalytic promiscuity that widens the applicability of this biocatalyst in organic synthesis without the need for additional cofactors or special equipment.

Nanozymes： an emerging field bridging nanotechnology and biology

Enzymes are biological catalysts that can convert substrates into products in biochemical reactions.In 1926,the first enzyme,urease,was determined to be a protein by James B.Sumner who won the Nobel Prize in 1946.Since then,enzymes have been considered to be proteins,which allows them to achieve their high catalytic activity with high specific activity under mild conditions.However,in general,the enzyme activity of proteins is lost after exposure to extremes of p H and high temperature,and proteins are also susceptible to digestion by proteases in the environment,which dramatically hinders their practical applications in

单克隆抗体治疗癌症面临的挑战

近一个世纪以来,尝试过注射由不同动物制备的抗血清的特异被动免疫制剂来治疗癌症,一般均未取得成功。随着杂交瘤技术和小鼠单克隆抗体(MAbs)的问世,能够进行更系统的研究,并且大部分特异性被动免疫血清疗法的研究集中在血液恶性变的治疗上,其中包括25批135例患者的临床试验。完全缓解、部分缓解和轻微好转率分别为5％,16％,17％。然而,这种缓解常是暂时的。尽管用未结合的单克隆抗体治疗效果令人失望,但它们还是丰富了我们对所遇到的问题及这些抗体如何发挥抗肿瘤作用的认识。