Fermentation of the succulent bamboo shoots of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. resulted in an enrichment of phytosterols from 0.12% to 0.62% dry weight as compared to that of the fresh unfermented samples. The bacterial strains...Fermentation of the succulent bamboo shoots of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. resulted in an enrichment of phytosterols from 0.12% to 0.62% dry weight as compared to that of the fresh unfermented samples. The bacterial strains responsible for higher accumulation of phytosterols during fermentation of the bamboo shoots have been isolated and further extraction and purification of the crude phytosterols (isolated from the fermented samples) were done by TLC, UV, NMR, IR and Mass spectral analysis. The isolated phytosterols (β-sitos-terols) were then subjected to microbial transformation which yielded a considerable amount of androsta-1, 4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) in the incubation mixture in presence of metabolic inhibitors (α, α＇-dipyridyl and sodium arsenate).展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of compound microbial inoculants on fermentation bed.[Method] With fermentation simulated in lab,analysis was conducted on changes of temperature,pH,nitrate nitrogen,ammoni...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of compound microbial inoculants on fermentation bed.[Method] With fermentation simulated in lab,analysis was conducted on changes of temperature,pH,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,urease activity and protease activity in fermentation by microorganism and natural fermentation respectively,to explore effects of compound microbial inoculants on fermentation bed of swine.[Result] Compared with control group,the added microbial inoculants in test group promoted temperature rising during fermentation and prolonged lasting period of high temperature,for example,high temperature at 60 ℃ maintained 10 d in the test.Furthermore,the inoculants reduced pH of packaging material environment,for example,pH finally was 7.05,lower than that of control group.Microbial inoculants accelerated transformation of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen and reduced nitrogen loss.In addition,activities of urease and protease enhanced in packaging materials and excrements degraded rapidly.[Conclusion] The research provides technical references for strain development,selection and evaluation of fermentation bed of swine.展开更多
Wastes yielded in the vintage process and the biological fermentation of itaconic acid and sodium gluconate of a winery in Shandong, such as grain stillage, melon lees, cornstarch protein residues, itacanic acid mothe...Wastes yielded in the vintage process and the biological fermentation of itaconic acid and sodium gluconate of a winery in Shandong, such as grain stillage, melon lees, cornstarch protein residues, itacanic acid mother liquid, itaconic acid mycelium and sodium gluconate mycelium, were studied. High-activity biological protein feed, foliar fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer were generated from these wastes by applying biological/microbial technologies. Meanwhile, a whole set of technological pathways was put forward. As a result, the optimal economical and social benefits can be obtained with low natural resource consumption and environmental costs by converting wastes into useful matters. In conclusion, through the utilization of limited resources in the whole process of reclamation and utilization of wastes, the harmony promotion can be achieved between the economic system and the natural ecosystem.展开更多
Succinic acid has recently emerged as an important chemical （commodity） because it can be used for the manufacturing of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers and as an intermediate for chemical synthesis. Till...Succinic acid has recently emerged as an important chemical （commodity） because it can be used for the manufacturing of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers and as an intermediate for chemical synthesis. Till date, succinic acid is mainly produced by chemical processes, however, due to the environmental concerns and the concepts of sustainability, researches are directed towards the production of succinic acid by microbial fermentation. The fact that carbon dioxide （CO2） is needed by the microorganisms for succinic acid production is another interesting feature. The fermentation was carried out with Actinobacillus succinogenes using a two-level fractional factorial design 2sl. The variables analyzed and their levels were： concentration of glucose, yeast extract, temperature, pH and agitation. The results show that the variables that more influenced on succinic acid production were pH, temperature and yeast extract.展开更多
Cellulose biomass is being investigated as a potential substrate for bioethanol production. Cassava stalks were successfully converted to ethanol by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5048, S. cerevisiae...Cellulose biomass is being investigated as a potential substrate for bioethanol production. Cassava stalks were successfully converted to ethanol by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5048, S. cerevisiae KM1195, S. cerevisiae KM7253 and co-culture of S. cerevisiae TISTR5048 and Candida tropicalis TISTR5045. The objective of this study was to assess the ethanol production from cassava stalks by dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis that were convertible into ethanol by mono-culture and co-culture of yeast strain. Cassava stalks 1.5% （w/v） in 0.1 M sulfuric acid was pretreated for 30 min at 135 ℃ under the pressure of 15 lb/inch2. The pretreated cassava stalk suspensions were neutralized to pH 5.5 for saccharification process. The enzyme solution （a-amylase, amyloglucosidase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase solubilized in buffer pH 5.0） was used for hydrolysis ofpretreated cassava stalk at 50 ℃ for 24 h. The hydrolyaste was supplemented with additional nutrients. The culture was incubated at 30 ℃. The pretreatment of the stalk with dilute-acid resulted sugar yield of 0.57 g/g dry matter from enzymatic hydrolysis, which was higher than dilute-alkaline-pretreated and distilled water-pretreated stalk. The sugar hydrolysate was bioconverted to ethanol with separate hydrolysis and fermentation （SHF） and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. The highest ethanol yields of 98.43% and 95.29% were obtained in SHF and SSF, respectively by S. cerevisiae KM1195. The fermentation time of SSF process was 24-32 h shorter than that of the SHF （= 56 h）, but not significantly leading to difference in ethanol production （5.42 g/L-6.22 g/L for SSF; 5.9 g/L-6.23 g/L for SHF）.展开更多
文摘Fermentation of the succulent bamboo shoots of Bambusa balcooa Roxb. resulted in an enrichment of phytosterols from 0.12% to 0.62% dry weight as compared to that of the fresh unfermented samples. The bacterial strains responsible for higher accumulation of phytosterols during fermentation of the bamboo shoots have been isolated and further extraction and purification of the crude phytosterols (isolated from the fermented samples) were done by TLC, UV, NMR, IR and Mass spectral analysis. The isolated phytosterols (β-sitos-terols) were then subjected to microbial transformation which yielded a considerable amount of androsta-1, 4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) in the incubation mixture in presence of metabolic inhibitors (α, α＇-dipyridyl and sodium arsenate).
基金Supported by Construction of Innovative Enterprises of Changsha Science and Technology Program(K1112050)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of compound microbial inoculants on fermentation bed.[Method] With fermentation simulated in lab,analysis was conducted on changes of temperature,pH,nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,urease activity and protease activity in fermentation by microorganism and natural fermentation respectively,to explore effects of compound microbial inoculants on fermentation bed of swine.[Result] Compared with control group,the added microbial inoculants in test group promoted temperature rising during fermentation and prolonged lasting period of high temperature,for example,high temperature at 60 ℃ maintained 10 d in the test.Furthermore,the inoculants reduced pH of packaging material environment,for example,pH finally was 7.05,lower than that of control group.Microbial inoculants accelerated transformation of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen and reduced nitrogen loss.In addition,activities of urease and protease enhanced in packaging materials and excrements degraded rapidly.[Conclusion] The research provides technical references for strain development,selection and evaluation of fermentation bed of swine.
文摘Wastes yielded in the vintage process and the biological fermentation of itaconic acid and sodium gluconate of a winery in Shandong, such as grain stillage, melon lees, cornstarch protein residues, itacanic acid mother liquid, itaconic acid mycelium and sodium gluconate mycelium, were studied. High-activity biological protein feed, foliar fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer were generated from these wastes by applying biological/microbial technologies. Meanwhile, a whole set of technological pathways was put forward. As a result, the optimal economical and social benefits can be obtained with low natural resource consumption and environmental costs by converting wastes into useful matters. In conclusion, through the utilization of limited resources in the whole process of reclamation and utilization of wastes, the harmony promotion can be achieved between the economic system and the natural ecosystem.
文摘Succinic acid has recently emerged as an important chemical （commodity） because it can be used for the manufacturing of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers and as an intermediate for chemical synthesis. Till date, succinic acid is mainly produced by chemical processes, however, due to the environmental concerns and the concepts of sustainability, researches are directed towards the production of succinic acid by microbial fermentation. The fact that carbon dioxide （CO2） is needed by the microorganisms for succinic acid production is another interesting feature. The fermentation was carried out with Actinobacillus succinogenes using a two-level fractional factorial design 2sl. The variables analyzed and their levels were： concentration of glucose, yeast extract, temperature, pH and agitation. The results show that the variables that more influenced on succinic acid production were pH, temperature and yeast extract.
文摘Cellulose biomass is being investigated as a potential substrate for bioethanol production. Cassava stalks were successfully converted to ethanol by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5048, S. cerevisiae KM1195, S. cerevisiae KM7253 and co-culture of S. cerevisiae TISTR5048 and Candida tropicalis TISTR5045. The objective of this study was to assess the ethanol production from cassava stalks by dilute-acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis that were convertible into ethanol by mono-culture and co-culture of yeast strain. Cassava stalks 1.5% （w/v） in 0.1 M sulfuric acid was pretreated for 30 min at 135 ℃ under the pressure of 15 lb/inch2. The pretreated cassava stalk suspensions were neutralized to pH 5.5 for saccharification process. The enzyme solution （a-amylase, amyloglucosidase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase solubilized in buffer pH 5.0） was used for hydrolysis ofpretreated cassava stalk at 50 ℃ for 24 h. The hydrolyaste was supplemented with additional nutrients. The culture was incubated at 30 ℃. The pretreatment of the stalk with dilute-acid resulted sugar yield of 0.57 g/g dry matter from enzymatic hydrolysis, which was higher than dilute-alkaline-pretreated and distilled water-pretreated stalk. The sugar hydrolysate was bioconverted to ethanol with separate hydrolysis and fermentation （SHF） and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation （SSF）. The highest ethanol yields of 98.43% and 95.29% were obtained in SHF and SSF, respectively by S. cerevisiae KM1195. The fermentation time of SSF process was 24-32 h shorter than that of the SHF （= 56 h）, but not significantly leading to difference in ethanol production （5.42 g/L-6.22 g/L for SSF; 5.9 g/L-6.23 g/L for SHF）.
