黄酒酸败组分的基源微生物初步研究

为了追踪导致黄酒原酒酸败的基源微生物,为探讨黄酒酸败的可能机制及预防酸败提供参考依据,采用高效毛细管电泳技术分析酸败黄酒原酒与黄酒原酒的组分,建立酸败黄酒原酒中酸败组分的检出方法。在此基础上,采用PDA-黄酒培养基分离培养酸败黄酒原酒中微生物,运用建立的HPCE检测方法,检测分离菌株的发酵液,追踪产生黄酒酸败组分的微生物。结果表明,从酸败黄酒中共分离获得8种微生物OM-1~OM-8,其中,OM-5菌株的PDA-黄酒培养基发酵液中检出酸败组分特征峰。菌株OM-5可能是导致黄酒原酒酸败的微生物之一。该研究为黄酒生产中采取针对性灭菌或预防措施、抑制有害微生物侵入或生长、降低酸败的发生等后续研究奠定了基础。

Advances in Plant Science and Its Prospects

Focusing on the global food security and analyzing the challenges now confronting human being of global climate change,sustainable development of agriculture,energy and environment,plant scientists should take the social responsibility and play the role in solving the global problems like food security from the developmental status and potential of plant science and technology. Moreover,by working with agronomists, ecologists and environmental experts,plant scientists do provide novel ideas and technologies for developing low carbon agriculture,for breeding new crop varieties with high yield and quality and stress resistance,for developing new type of energy plants,for supplying healthy foods and drugs,reasonably using land and water resources,and for ameliorating environment,making better contribution to the sustainable development of the globe and human being ourselves.

Gene flow from transgenic roundup-ready soybean to wild soybean

A study was conducted in the field of the Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu province from July 2000 to August 2003. The transgenic roundup-ready soybean was sown in the middle of the field in a circular manner for 5 circles, with the distance of 3 m, from one circle to another. Then the wild soybean was planted in plots as the rays of the circles in 8 directions (N, E, W, S, NE, NW, SE and SW), spaced every 5 m until 50 m. Each plot comprised 25 plants. In the second year, the wild soybean seeds from the first year were planted in the field together with the original wild soybean as check. Before flowering time, high concentrations of roundups (about 4-5 times of the normal dose) were sprayed on the plants and the surviving plants were identified. The leaves were taken to the lab for DNA extraction to determine the unique DNA for roundup-ready soybean (CTAB method). About 2% of the plants survived, but some leaves were yellow. One plant of wild soybean was found to have the roundup-ready gene from the original roundup-ready soybean. The other surviving wild soybeans should also had some fragments of the roundup tolerance gene. However, the DNA bands were not very clear in the PCR map.

Evaluation of the effects of Alkyl Phenolic compounds on kinetic coefficients and biomass activity in MBBR by means of respirometric techniques

The presence of Alkyl Phenols(APs) in aquatic systems is considered as one of the environmental concerns in recent decades which are generally used as surfactants. APs are endocrine disruptors and estrogen-mimicking,causing harmful effects such as feminization and carcinogenesis on aquatic environment and human health.The most commercially important APs are 4-Nonyl Phenol(4-NP) and 4-tert-OctylP henol(4-t-OP). Moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR), which combined attached and suspended growth advantages, is an advanced biological treatment process for municipal and industrial wastewaters that has drawn considerable attention from many researchers to remove toxic pollutants from wastewater. The aim of this research was to evaluate Bacterial activities and kinetic coefficients in the presence of APs. This study was carried out using laboratory-scale MBBR fed with synthetic wastewater containing 4-NP and 4-t-OP. The reactor was operated at different loads of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and APs and different hydraulic retention time(HRT). The respirometric technique was applied to investigate the effect of APs on heterotrophic and autotrophic activity and kinetic coefficients in biomass obtained from MBBR. Respirometric technique demonstrates a reliable tool in order to assess the biofilm kinetic coefficients and biomass viability to insert in the mathematical models. The calculated kinetic parameters were in the range of conventional and extended aeration activated sludge processes. The results demonstrate that APs have significant inhibitory effects on activity and growth rate of heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, heterotrophs have been less affected by the presence of 4-NP and 4-t-OP, and these compounds had greater inhibitory effects on autotrophic bacteria.

Research on Oxalate Oxidase and Its Genes in Plants

This paper introduces the discovery,composition and structure of oxalate oxidase,as well as illustrates the biological functions of this enzyme.With a comprehensive introduction upon previous researches upon gene cloning and heredity transformation of this enzyme,it indicates that heredity transformation can increase the content of oxalate oxidase within the plants and also enhance their resistance.The paper also points out the problems such as lack of gene resources and difficulty in the transformation of heterologous genes,and the focus in later researches should be laid upon the exploration of plant resources relative to this enzyme and selection of resistant species.

Liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical purposes.There are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and regeneration.The first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in vivo.This strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human origin.Liver bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug development.The second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell pathways.In fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver volume.Infusion of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine strategies.As well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.

国外园艺泥炭利用现状与未来发展方向

国外园艺泥炭利用较早,特别在欧洲已形成规模。在园艺大国荷兰,泥炭发挥着主导作用。从消费量来看,仅德国、荷兰、英国等三国占到欧洲总消费量的60％以上。从今后发展来看,国外园艺的泥炭利用,将继续控制栽培基质市场。泥炭替代材料逐渐成为重要的基质来源,尤其是生物源基质将成为重点开发方向。

药用植物的活性成分:鞣花鞣质

随着对鞣质特别是鞣花鞣质(Ellagitannins)的分离、结构测定和各种生理活性的深入了解,使得实际具有生理活性的鞣质其原有的概念已发生了明显变化。本文根据鞣质结构的差别讨论其生理活性,如几种低聚鞣花鞣质的抗肿瘤作用和抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(Anti-HIV)作用。鞣花鞣质比相似结构的其他类型的鞣质具有更强的抗脂质过氧化作用。其他的生理活性还有:抑制致癌物的诱变和抑制肿瘤发展。