综合评估太湖水体中有机污染物短期和长期的生态风险,筛选出潜在风险大、需要重点关注的物质,并基于有机物的敏感生物统计,分析其对太湖生物多样性的影响.通过文献检索,汇总整理了21类232种太湖中有机污染物的浓度水平,其跨度在0.1~6000...综合评估太湖水体中有机污染物短期和长期的生态风险,筛选出潜在风险大、需要重点关注的物质,并基于有机物的敏感生物统计,分析其对太湖生物多样性的影响.通过文献检索,汇总整理了21类232种太湖中有机污染物的浓度水平,其跨度在0.1~6000ng·L^(-1)之间,其中60%为弱极性有机物(lgKow>3).借助物种敏感性分布(SSD,Sensitive species distribution)计算潜在受影响的物种比例(PAF,Potential affected fraction)来表征其中104种有机物的急性生态风险和46种有机物的慢性生态风险,大部分有机物的急性风险小于5%,但慢性风险显著大于急性风险,其中有机农药对硫磷(12.96%)、异狄氏剂(14.00%)、六氯苯(6.85%)和甲基对硫磷(7.05%),多环芳烃苯并[a]芘(7.75%),雌激素类物质E1(14.83%)、E2(14.96%)和壬基酚(19.76%)慢性风险较大.分析这些有机污染物的影响生物敏感种属,底栖生物、浮游动物、鱼类和昆虫出现频次高,结合太湖近30年来生物多样性变化,初步推测太湖水体有机污染是导致生物多样性变降低的重要原因之一.展开更多
An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and ...An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System has been a key objective of South Korea’s central government. Given that restoration and technology transfer becomes impossible once heritage is damaged, a detailed study of manage-ment regarding conservation is required alongside the development of the Agricultural Heritage System. Here, I was able to analyze several applications submitted by local governments to the Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System. The main objective was to identify the uniqueness of each application with the nature of heritage, threats to this heritage, and current preservation efforts. I found that the most common threat is the decreasing population status for heritage maintenance due to changes in agricultural environments. In response, each site plans to boost local tourism activities as a solution but current tourism oriented management plans may result in further damage to heritage. In light of my analysis I discuss three pilars for future planning： the improvement of heritage understand-ing and awareness; sufifcient space to maintain heritage features; and new industrialization plans that maintain pro-duction activities. These recommendations wil ensure heritage protection, conservation of the natural environment, and invigoration of farming and ifshing communities through biodiversity.展开更多
文摘综合评估太湖水体中有机污染物短期和长期的生态风险,筛选出潜在风险大、需要重点关注的物质,并基于有机物的敏感生物统计,分析其对太湖生物多样性的影响.通过文献检索,汇总整理了21类232种太湖中有机污染物的浓度水平,其跨度在0.1~6000ng·L^(-1)之间,其中60%为弱极性有机物(lgKow>3).借助物种敏感性分布(SSD,Sensitive species distribution)计算潜在受影响的物种比例(PAF,Potential affected fraction)来表征其中104种有机物的急性生态风险和46种有机物的慢性生态风险,大部分有机物的急性风险小于5%,但慢性风险显著大于急性风险,其中有机农药对硫磷(12.96%)、异狄氏剂(14.00%)、六氯苯(6.85%)和甲基对硫磷(7.05%),多环芳烃苯并[a]芘(7.75%),雌激素类物质E1(14.83%)、E2(14.96%)和壬基酚(19.76%)慢性风险较大.分析这些有机污染物的影响生物敏感种属,底栖生物、浮游动物、鱼类和昆虫出现频次高,结合太湖近30年来生物多样性变化,初步推测太湖水体有机污染是导致生物多样性变降低的重要原因之一.
文摘An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System has been a key objective of South Korea’s central government. Given that restoration and technology transfer becomes impossible once heritage is damaged, a detailed study of manage-ment regarding conservation is required alongside the development of the Agricultural Heritage System. Here, I was able to analyze several applications submitted by local governments to the Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System. The main objective was to identify the uniqueness of each application with the nature of heritage, threats to this heritage, and current preservation efforts. I found that the most common threat is the decreasing population status for heritage maintenance due to changes in agricultural environments. In response, each site plans to boost local tourism activities as a solution but current tourism oriented management plans may result in further damage to heritage. In light of my analysis I discuss three pilars for future planning： the improvement of heritage understand-ing and awareness; sufifcient space to maintain heritage features; and new industrialization plans that maintain pro-duction activities. These recommendations wil ensure heritage protection, conservation of the natural environment, and invigoration of farming and ifshing communities through biodiversity.
