新世纪微生物学者的一项重要任务——未培养微生物的分离培养

扼要介绍近年来有关分离培养未培养的微生物 (Unculturablemicroorganisms)、扩大生态环境微生物多样性的认识等方面取得的重要进展。首先 ,是采用非常规的 ,甚至认为有毒性的电子传递物质 ,获得了多种新生理型(physiotypes)的纯种微生物。另外 ,在多种生态域中分离出非同寻常的微生物 ,扩大了这些生境微生物的多样性的视野 ,如普遍存在于大洋的浮游细菌SAR11类群 ,其微小菌体呈半月形 ,在海水中细菌浓度可达 (10 5～ 10 6 ) mL ,基因组估计为 1 5 4Mb。更值得注意的是从极端高温环境分离的嗜热纳米古细菌属 (Nanoarchaeota) ,其基因组仅有5 0 0kb ,是已知原核生物的最小者。应重视的是在分离这些多样性微生物的过程中所发展的新型培养技术 ,如微滴胶囊化法和扩散小室法都是具有革命性的方法 ,既有通用性 ,又无需昂贵设备 。

海外及归国中国生物学者生命科学暨生物技术讨论会简介

海外及归国中国生物学者生命科学暨生物技术讨论会简介曹育（中国科学院自然科学史研究所，北京，１０００１０）海外及归国中国生物学者生命科学暨生物技术讨论会于１９９３—１９９７年已在北京连续举行了五次会议，其中第五届大会于１９９７年６月２８至３０日在北京大...

《共进》的保存与献出

最近,五四运动时期有相当影响的进步刊物《共进》半月刊(以下简称《共进》)由人民出版社影印出版。在这套珍贵的文物再度与广大读者见面之时,我们不能不缅怀为创办和保存《共进》作出了重要贡献的杨钟健教授。

Effects of lobaplatin and oxaliplatin on biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma cell line

Objective： The aim of the study was to observe the effects of Iobaplatin and oxaliplatin on biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma cell line. Methods： The human colorectal carcinoma cell line LoVo and HR-8348 were used in the present study, and different concentrations of Iobaplatin and oxaliplatin served as inhibitors. The invasion and metastasis potential were evaluated with Transwell chamber, and cell inhibition ratio was measured with MTT assay. Results： Lobaplatin and oxaliplatin could significantly decrease the abilities of invasion and metastasis of LoVo and HR-8348 as compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）, but no difference between Iobaplatin and oxaliplatin groups was observed （P 〉 0.05）. No difference was found in the cell inhibition ratio between the Iobaplatin and oxaliplatin groups （P 〉 0.05）. Lobaplatin could inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells that oxaliplatin couldn＇t do. Conclusion： Lobaplatin is a new antitumor platinum drug and can inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells. Moreover, Iobaplatin could also inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells which are resistant to oxaliplatin.

A Comparison of the Biological Characteristics of EV71 C4 Subtypes from Different Epidemic Strains

The comparative analysis of the biological characterization and the genetic background study of EV71 circulating strains is commonly recognized as basic work necessary for development of an effective EV71 vaccine. In this study, we sequenced five EV71 circulating strains, isolated from Fuyang, Hefei, Kunming and Shenzhen city of China and named them FY-23, FY-22, H44, K9 and S1 respectively. The sequence alignment demonstrated their genotypes be C4. The genetic distance of the VP1 gene from these isolates suggested that they were highly co-related with genetic identity similar to other previously reported EV71 strains in China. Additionally, these strains were identified to display some obvious proliferation dynamics and plaque morphology when propagated in Vero cells. However, a distinctive difference in pathogenic ability in neonatal mice was found. Some differences in cross neutralization test & immunogenic analysis were also found. All these results are related to the biological characterization of circulating EV71 strains in China and aid in the development of an EV71 vaccine in the future.

Vessel healings after stenting with different polymers in STEMI patients

Background Different stems implantation in ST-segmem elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients may influence the long term prognosis by affecting vessel healings after stenting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vessel healings after implantation of drug elming stems （DES） with biodegradable or durable polymer or of bare-metal stems （BMS） in patients with ache STEMI. Methods This study included 50 patients, who underwem follow up angiogram and optical coherence tomography （OCT） assessment about one year after percutaneous coronary intervemion （PCI） for STEMI. According to the initial stems types, these patients were classified to durable （n = 19） or biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stems （n = 15）, or BMS （n = 16） groups. The conditions of stem struts coverage and malapposi- tion were analyzed with OCT technique. Results A total of 9003 struts were analyzed： 3299, 3202 and 2502 from durable or biodegradable polymer DES, or BMS, respectively. Strut coverage rate （89.0%, 94.9% and 99.3%, respectively）, malapposition presence （1.7%, 0.03% and 0 of struts, respectively） and average intimal thickness over struts （76 ± 12 μm, 161 ± 30 μm and 292 ± 29 μm, respectively） were significantly differem among different stent groups （all P 〈 0.001）. Conclusions Vessel healing status in STEMI patients is superior after implantation of biodegradable polymer DES than durable polymer DES, while both are inferior to BMS.

Serological and molecular study of hepatitis E virus among illegal blood donors

AIM： To investigate the seroprevalence and molecular characteristics of hepatitis E virus （HEV） in the illegal blood donors （IBDs） of central China in the early 1990s.

Biodynamic Practices, Eco-label Wines and Millennial Consumers

Abstract： The objective of this study was to provide insights on the motivations behind the decision of biodynamic producers in the United States to shift to biodynamic practices in the vineyard and winemaking process. The second objective of the study was to evaluate the perceptions of the consumers regarding eco-label wines, with a direct focus on the attitudes of millennial generation. Two surveys, one directed to biodynamic producers in the United States and the other to a group of Californian wine consumers were distributed during spring and fall of 2010. Findings from the first survey reveal that biodynamic producers are engaged in biodynamic practices out of socially motivated reasons rather than economic factors. Results from the consumer survey suggest a generally uninformed generation of consumers about eco-label wines and particularly about the practices associated with these products. This lack of information heavily influences their behavioral decisions and attitudes and points out to the critical need for consumer education.

Meta-analysis: prognostic value of survivin in patients with pancreatic cancer

Objective： The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature evaluating survivin expres- sion in pancreatic carcinoma as a prognostic indicator. Methods： The relevant literatures were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases. A meta-analysis of the association between survivin expression and overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer was performed. Studies were pooled and summary hazard ratios （HRs） were calculated. Subgroup analysis according to the location of survivin expression was also performed. Results： Seven eligible studies with a total of 448 patients were included in this study. Combined HR suggested that survivin expression had an unfavorable impact on survival of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 1.65, 95% CI： 1.02-2.68）. When stratified according to the location of survivin expression, the combined HR showed that expression in the cytoplasm was significantly associated with poor prog- nosis of pancreatic cancer patients （HR = 2.09, 95% CI： 1.29-3.40）. In contrast, survivin expression in the nucleus was not significantly associated with poor prognosis （HR = 0.83, 95% CI： 0.24-2.81）, and the heterogeneity was highly significant （I2 = 87.2%, P = 0.005）. Conclusien： Survivin expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Cytoplasmic expression of survivin may be a prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer patients. Based on the current obtained data, there was no evidence that survivin expression in the nucleus had a significant impact on patients＇ overall survival.

Sex-related changes in tumor consistency in prolactinoma patients after bromocriptine pretreatment

Objective It has long been reported that prolactinomas treated with bromocriptine increase fibrosis and may affect surgical outcomes.We retrospectively studied 238 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed prolactinomas undergoing microsurgery in a single neurosurgery department of Tongji Hospital(Wuhan,China) from 2012 to 2015 in order to evaluate tumor consistency changes after bromocriptine pretreatment and surgical outcomes.Methods We divided the patients into four groups;males in the dopamine agonist(DA) group,females in the DA group,males in the no DA group,and females in the no DA group,and we compared the surgery process,specimen Masson staining,and clinical outcomes of the four groups.According to a previously published classification,the operative notes from an experienced neurosurgeon were reviewed to classify the consistency of tumors as "fibrous" or "nonfibrous".Results No differences in tumor consistency were found in male patients with or without DA treatment.However,in female patients with DA treatment,tumors were likely to be harder in texture than the tumors of female patients without DA treatment.Despite tumor consistency differences between sexes,the tumor biological remission rate was similar between groups,as was the rate of tumor resection.Discussion Our study indicates that preoperative DA therapy impacts tumor consistency in female patients but not male patients.Although the surgical and histopathological outcomes are not influenced,these findings may provide useful information for the choice of operative approach and surgery process for pituitary adenoma.

Expression of DLK1 Gene in the Bone Marrow Cells of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Its Clinical Significance

Objective This study aims to investigate the expression of delta-like 1 （DLK1） gene in the bone marrow cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS） and to explore its molecular characteristics for the early diagnosis of MDS. Methods The expression of DLK1 mRNA in the bone marrow cells of cases with MDS, acute myeloid leukemia （AML）, and normal control groups were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed for clinical significance. Results Significantly higher expression of DLK1 mRNA was observed in the bone marrow cells of MDS patients （0.7342±0.3652） compared with the normal control group （0.4801±0.1759） （P〈0.05）. The expression of DLK1 mRNA had a positive correlation with the proportion of bone marrow blasts （r=0.467, P〈0.05）. Moreover, DLK1 mRNA expression was significantly increased as MDS progressed （P〈0.05）. Patients with abnormal karyotypes exhibited significantly higher expression of DLK1 mRNA （0.9007±0.4334） than those with normal karyotypes （0.6411±0.2630） （P〈0.05）. Subsequently, patients with highly expressed DLK1 （≥0.8） presented significantly higher malignant clone burden （0.4134±0.3999） than those with lower DLK1 expression （〈0.8）,（0.1517±0.3109）, （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The DLK1 gene was highly expressed in MDS patients, and was increased as MDS progressed. The expression of DLK1 mRNA was positively correlated with the proportion of the bone marrow blasts. A high expression of DLK1 gene suggested a higher malignant clone burden of MDS.

A de novo germline MLH1 mutation in a Lynch syndrome patient with discordant immunohistochemical and molecular biology test results

We describe a patient with a Homo sapiens mutL homolog 1 (MLH1)-associated Lynch syndrome with previous diagnoses of two distinct primary cancers:a sigmoid colon cancer at the age of 39 years, and a right colon cancer at the age of 50 years. The mutation identified in his blood and buccal cells, c.1771delG, p.Asp591Ilefs*25, appears to be a de novo event, as it was not transmitted by either of his parents. This type of de novo event is rare in MLH1 as only three cases have been reported in the literature so far. Further-more, the discordant results observed between repli-cation error phenotyping and immunohistochemistry highlight the importance of the systematic use of both pre-screening tests in the molecular diagnosis of Lynch syndrome.

Liberals, Communitarians, Republicans and the Intervention of the State in the Private Sphere

The aim of this paper is to discuss whether the increasing intervention of the state in the private sphere-as is evidenced in labor laws, consumer rights, bioethics, and Internet crimes-is compatible with the liberal ideal of neutrality, or, on the contrary, whether it can be seen as a turning point towards the position of communitarian or republican authors, for whom the state must endorse a substantive good. Such a turning point could lead to a reformulation of the public and private spheres, and of course, raise questions over which values justify which kinds of intervention. This paper will cover these debates in three parts： First, by presenting briefly the history of the liberal conception of rights, I will try to show that, from a starting point based mostly on individual protection, the liberal tradition has become more interventionist, which can be seen through the notion of ＂claim rights.＂ Departing from John Rawls＇s work, I will argue that this notion allows for some level of intervention, without betraying liberal neutrality. Subsequently, I will discuss the difference between this kind of intervention and the ones proclaimed by communitarians and republicans authors： The former will be illustrated by Michael Sandel＇s criticism of Rawls in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, and the later by Richard Dagger＇s position in Civic Virtues, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism. Finally, in the third part, we＇ll discuss whether liberal principles can be harmonized with the republican and communitarian focus on civic virtues and good life.

疑似Morgellons病一例

2002年生物学者Leitao在其儿子的皮损中发现了彩色丝状物，多方求医未能明确性质，而后以Browne描述的Morgellons病命名了该现象。该病少见，现将我们诊治的1例疑似Morgellons病的患者报道如下。

热带蜜蜂挑战VS恐龙灭绝论

多年以来,科学家一直用"核冬季"理论来解释恐龙灭亡的原因。即6亿5千万年前,由于"Chicxulub"小行星碰撞,陨星残骸阻挡阳光,造成地球温度下降很多,因而直接导致地球上的恐龙灭亡但是。

Lnc-TCL6 is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and grade in liver-cirrhosis patients

Background:Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been applied as biomarkers in many diseases.However,scarce biomarkers are available in single lncRNA differential expression associated with different clinical stages of liver cirrhosis(LC).The aim of the study is to identify some lncRNAs that can serve as non-invasive sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis and grade of LC.Methods:Blood lncRNA expression was evaluated in three independent cohorts with 305 participants including healthy controls,hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers,and patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)or LC.First,candidate lncRNAs were screened by CapitalBiotech microarray to diagnose cirrhosis.Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was then used to investigate the expression of selected lncRNAs in the whole group of cirrhosis and different Child–Pugh classes.Ultimately,the diagnostic accuracy of the promising biomarker was examined and validated via Mann–Whitney test and receiver-operating characteristics analysis.Results:Lnc-TCL6 was identified as a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of LC(Child–Pugh A)compared with healthy controls(area under the ROC curve[AUC]=0.636),HBV carriers(AUC=0.671),and CHB patients(AUC=0.672).Furthermore,lnc-TCL6 showed a favourable capacity in discriminating among different Child–Pugh classes(AUC:0.711–0.837).Compared with healthy controls,HBV carriers,and CHB patients,the expression of lnc-TCL6 was obviously up-regulated in Child–Pugh A patients and,conversely,significantly down-regulated in Child–Pugh C patients.Conclusions:Lnc-TCL6 is a novel potential biomarker for early diagnosis of LC and is a possible predictor of disease progression.

Ear therapy and massage therapy in the elderly with dementia: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of massage versus ear acupuncture on behavior and participation in occupational therapy of dementia patients. METHODS: We performed a controlled, randomized longitudinal trial approved by the Bioethics Commission of the University of Extremadura. One hundred twenty elderly subjects with dementia institutionalized in residential homes in Extremadura (Spain) received treatment based on massage and ear acupuncture over three months. Behavior alterations, sleep disturbance, and participation in rehabilitation and eating were assessed every month during the three months of intervention, and at one and two months of follow-up after the end of treatment. The assessment was performed through a structured questionnaire with closed format ques-tions done by an occupational therapist not involved in the study. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive effect of massage and ear acupuncture (P< 0.001) on measured variables in the third month of intervention, which were maintained at two months after completing the treatment (P<0.021), when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Massage therapy and ear acupuncture can improve behavior and sleep disturbances, and increase the participation in eating and rehabilitation organized in residential homes, in dementia patients.