资源生物学与渔业评估模拟实验的探讨与实践

多课程理论内容相结合形成网状知识结构,构建资源生物学与渔业评估模拟实验课程,明确课程在专业素养教育和创新人才培养方面的意义。通过独立开课形式、以开放式或自拟式在教学过程中引入科研课题,合理设置基础性、综合性、设计性和创新性实验比例,重视教学过程等形式保证教学效果的实现。

腰椎间盘退变动物模型评价方法的研究进展

腰椎间盘退变（IVD）和突出被认为是导致腰痛（low back pain）的主要原因。建立动物模型为研究腰椎间盘退变机制和试验新治疗方案提供了一个良好的途径。目前构建腰椎间盘退变动物模型的方法主要分为自然诱发和实验诱发两种。在模型构建后的评价方法多种多样,主要包括影像学、组织形态学和分子生物学评估。笔者对腰椎间盘退变模型建立后的退变评价方法综述如下。

3MStreri-Drape^(TM)的辐照灭菌适应性的研究

摘要按照ISO111737标准进行3MStreri-DrapeTM初始污染菌检测,并依据ISO11137标准方法完成了辐照灭菌的剂量设定。初始污染菌数为3082.5cfu/件,验证剂量为12.6kGy(SAL10-2),最低灭菌剂量为26.8kGy(SAL10-6)。对经最低灭菌剂量辐照并完成老化试验后的产品又进行了包装材料性能、产品的生物学评估和临床应用等研究。结果表明,包装材料性能良好,产品无菌,细胞毒性、动物实验及临床应用均无不良反应。

血清磷酸化高分子量神经微丝蛋白与大鼠脊髓损伤程度的相关性

目的研究血清磷酸化高分子量神经微丝蛋白(p NF-H)在脊髓损伤动物模型中的动态变化规律及其与脊髓损伤程度的相关性。方法 20只Sprague-Dawley大鼠等分为空白对照(A)组及脊髓损伤轻(B)、中(C)、重(D)度组,检测大鼠血清p NF-H水平、BBB评分及残存白质面积百分比。结果 B、C、D组大鼠血清p NF-H在术后12 h及3 d出现两个高峰;3组间有显著性差异(P<0.05);损伤后3 d血清p NF-H水平与14 d时BBB评分、残存白质面积百分比呈负相关性(r=-0.987,r=-0.978)。结论脊髓损伤后大鼠血清p NF-H水平存在双峰现象;脊髓损伤程度越重,大鼠p NF-H水平越高;p NF-H水平可以预测脊髓损伤严重程度。

非淀粉多糖酶对体外养分消化和肉鸡生长性能的影响

文章旨在研究两种非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶对肉仔鸡饲粮体外消化率和生长性能的影响。体外模拟消化试验中,采用单因素完全随机设计,分为3个处理组(基础饲粮,基础饲粮+酶A,基础饲粮+酶XB),每个处理5个重复,每个重复1个模拟器。添加酶A和酶XB两种酶制剂显著提高肉仔鸡基础饲粮干物质消化率、粗蛋白质消化率、总能消化率和体外消化能(P<0.05)。饲养试验选择320只1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分为4个日粮处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡,分别饲喂正对照组(PC,组1)、负对照组(NC,代谢能较PC低0.63 MJ/kg,组2)、NC+酶XB(组3)和NC+酶A(组4),分0~21 d和22~42 d两期进行。研究结果表明:与组1相比,组2的22~42 d及0~42 d平均体增重显著降低(P<0.05);组2在0~21、22~42 d和0~42 d的料重比均显著高于组1(P<0.05);组3的肉仔鸡体增重在0~21 d和22~42 d均有所改善,全期(0~42 d)组3平均体增重较组2提高47.1 g/只,但未达到显著性水平(P>0.05)。添加NSP酶可显著改善饲粮的体外消化性能,并在一定程度上提高肉仔鸡的体增重。就本研究结果而言,体外试验较准确地评定了两种商品酶制剂产品的效价。

金沙县松材线虫病风险分析报告

从松材线虫病的分类地位、发生的寄主条件、媒介昆虫、环境条件等方面分析了该病在金沙县的潜在危险性,并提出了防止该病传播和防治的措施,以期提供参考。

Henry's Law constant for phosphine in seawater:determination and assessment of influencing factors

The Henry＇s Law constant （k） for phosphine in seawater was determined by multiple phase equilibration combined with headspace gas chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on k were studied. The k value for phosphine in natural seawater was 6.415 at room temperature （approximately 23℃）. This value increases with increases in temperature and salinity, but no obvious change was observed at different pH levels. At the same temperature, there was no significant difference between the k for phosphine in natural seawater and that in artificial seawater. This implies that temperature and salinity are major determining factors for k in marine environment. Double linear regression with Henry＇s Law constants for phosphine as a function of temperature and salinity confirmed our observations. These results provide a basis for the measurement of trace phosphine concentrations in seawater, and will be helpful for future research on the status of phosphine in the oceanic biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus.

Uncertainties in Stock Assessment and the Precautionary Management Suggestions for the Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) Stock in the Yellow Sea

Anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) is an abundant fish species in the Yellow Sea,and its natural stock is decreasing rapidly in recent years. Based on the stock-recruitment(SR) data from 1987 to 2002 published in Zhao et al.(2003),the criterion BIC(Bayesian Information Criterion) is applied to selecting a suitable model from six normal and lognormal error structured SR statisti-cal models,the age-structured model is used to calculate the biological reference points(BRPs),and the precision of the SR parame-ters and BRPs are calculated using bootstrap method. The results indicate that the anchovy fishery resource in the Yellow Sea is in an over-fished state. The precaution management principle requires that the fishery should be closed immediately.

Physicochemical and Microbiological Assessment of Borehole Water in Rumukalagbor, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

The physicochemical and microbiological assessments of thirteen accessible boreholes in Rumukalagbor in Port Harcourt were ascertained. The studies were carried out in April （onset of the rains） and June （peak of the rains） and the results obtained showed that all the water samples tested were acidic （pH 3.12-5.18） with the samples having lower values in June. Eight boreholes （61.5%） had high conductivity values and all boreholes recorded high TDS （total dissolved solids）.These are indications of the presence of dissolved minerals/polluting agents. TH （total hardness） values for all the borehole samples were very low （20 mg/L-60 mg/L）, which are below WHO （World Health Organization） set limit of 200 mg/L. The levels of Ca and Mg ions were determined using AAS （atomic absorption spectroscopy） and these were also observed to be very low. Ca ion concentrations were 0.15 mg/L-20.1 mg/L and Mg ion concentrations were 0.10 mg/L-10.3 mg/L. All the samples but one exceeded the WHO limit for chloride ion concentration for potable water. These high levels can account for the high pH and conductivity values and since water from some boreholes are soft, they are prone to plumbosolvacy. Sulphate and nitrate concentrations in the samples are within the WHO allowable limits. The water samples showed minimal microbial load with 38.5% not having any microbial load.

A thermodynamic Approach to Rate Equations in Continuum Physics

The paper addresses the formulation of rate equations, via objective time derivatives, within continuum physics. The concept of objectivity is reviewed and distinction is made with material frame-indifference whose meaning is restricted to the invariance of the balance equations relative to Galilean frames. Objective time derivatives are defined to leave the tensor character of the appropriate field invariant within the set of Euclidean frames. Rate equations are required to involve objective time derivatives and to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. Here the general structure of objective time derivatives is established and the known derivatives of the physical literature are shown to be particular cases. Next, to fix ideas, a rate equation is considered for the model of heat conduction via a generalization of the Maxwell-Cattaneo equation with higher-order gradients as in the Guyer-Krumhansl equation. The thermodynamic restrictions are investigated and the expected effects, of the selected derivative of the heat flux, on the stress tensor are derived.

The Prospect and Feasibility Assessment of Brine Shrimp （Artemia franciscana） Culture in Bangladesh

A laboratory-based work was conducted on development, biometry （cyst diameter, hatching efficiency and hatching percentage） and survival rate of Artemia franciscana at 35 ppt using natural brine water under constant aeration facilities. The experiment was carried out for both chorionic and decapsulated cysts. There was a significant increase in hatching output of the decapsulated cysts than the chorionic cysts. The survival rate was counted only for the chorionic cysts because nauplii hatched from decapsulated cysts died after four days of incubation before reaching the adult stage. Untill now the Artemia cysts are imported from abroad. Though the prospect of mass production of Artemia in Bangladesh is feasible but there needs to be more studies done.

Evaluation of Biological Assets： Problems and Solutions

The chief production elements of an agricultural enterprise are its biological assets and the choice and practical application of the evaluation methods, as the assets directly affect many aspects： decision making of economic character by the financial statement user, indicators of financial operation analysis, inter-comparison of sector enterprises, assessment of the company value and taxes on its economic activity, and statistical data of the agricultural sector. The authors have used the discounted cash flow （DCF） as an alternative method and a model of system dynamics. Such a system dynamics method has not been used for assessment of biological assets so far. In the operating process, the company acquires or loses possession of the resources. It is vital to analyze the resources to see whether they comply with the concept of the assets and the terms of recognition. It is necessary for the same company as well as for external users of financial statements to get true information about the business and the value of money. Biological assets may be recognized in the company＇s accounting only when it is predictable that future benefits associated with these assets will flow into the enterprise. It is also important that the fair value or the cost can be measured reliably.

How Can Self-Access Centers in China Better Develop Students＇ Learner Autonomy

Accompanying the arrival of new technological and network ear, SACs （self-access centers） become the most widely adopted mode spreading in China with a large quantity of universities joining to follow the fashion. But whether the SACs in China can fully fulfill the purpose, to what extend can learners gain benefits to develop autonomy, and what are the possible ways for improvement are quite necessary to investigate since there starts to emerge various problems during the implementation of SACs. This paper aims to analyze the prevalent establishment of SACs in China in order to find out the reasons for prevalence, the current implementing mode, the degree of effectiveness on developing learner autonomy, especially potential problems and causes, and finally put forward some suggestions pedagogical implications for improving.

Geobiological approach to evaluating marine carbonate source rocks of hydrocarbon

Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lower limit for recognizing the carbonate source rocks in China has been in dispute.Nineteen Phanerozoic sections in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Platform and the Guizhou-Hunan-Guangxi Basin have been studied in search for a different approach to complementing the traditional evaluation method for these source rocks.We have applied a geobiological approach to tracing the organic carbon (OC) output and accumulation from the living stage (primary productivity) to the post-mortem deposited remains,and finally to the preserved burial organics.Four biological and geological parameters are employed to represent the OC of the three stages.A series of proxies of these parameters are discussed and integrated to establish a geobiological evaluation system independent of TOC and other traditional methods.Here we use the Guangyuan section in Sichuan as an example for the geobiological evaluation.Our results indicate that in the argillaceous rocks,the geobiological parameters show the qualified source rocks in accordance with high TOC values;but in the carbonates,the good source rocks delineated by the geobiological parameters have a wide range of TOC,from 0.03% to 1.59%,mostly<0.3%.We suggest that it is still premature to set TOC=0.3% or 0.5% as the lower limit for the pre-Jurassic carbonate source rocks in South China.

Therapeutic observation of manipulation plus exercise therapy in treating upper crossed syndrome postures of primary school students

Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy in treating postures of primary school students with upper crossed syndrome(UCS).Methods:Sixty pupils with UCS were divided into an exercise group and a combination group using the random number table method,with 30 cases in each group.The combination group received treatments of sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy,while the exercise group received exercise therapy alone.The two groups received interventions once every other day,for a total of 1 month.The sagittal static posture assessment total score,forward head angle(FHA)and forward shoulder angle(FSA)were compared before and after treatment;the sagittal static assessment total score,FHA and FSA were compared between the exercise group and the combination group.Results:Before treatment,there were no significant differences comparing the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA between the two groups(all P>0.05);after treatment,the sagittal static posture assessment total score,FHA and FSA decreased in the two groups,with intra-group statistical significance(all P<0.01),and were lower in the combination group than in the exercise group,with inter-group statistical significance(all P<0.01).Conclusion:Sinew-bone balancing manipulation plus exercise therapy can notably improve the FHA and FSA and reduce the sagittal static posture total score in pupils with UCS,so as to correct the bad postures and adjust UCS physique.It can produce more significant efficacy compared with exercise therapy alone.

EQUIVALENT UNIFORM DOSE SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN ABSORBED DOSE DISTRIBUTION

Treatment planning in external beam radiation therapy （EBRT） utilizes dose volume histograms （DVHs） as optimization and evaluation tools. They present the fraction of planning target volume （PTV） receiving more than a given absorbed dose, against the absorbed dose values, and a number of radiobiological indices can be computed with their help. Equivalent uniform dose （EUD） is the absorbed dose that, uniformly imparted, would yield the same biological effect on a tumor as the dose distribution described by the DVH. Uncertainty and missing information can affect the dose distribution, therefore DVHs can be modeled as samples from a set of possible outcomes. This work studies the sensitivity of the EUD index when a small change in absorbed dose distribution takes place. EUD is treated as a functional on the set of DVHs. Defining a Levy distance on this set and using a suitable expansion of the functional, a very simple expression for a bound on the variation of EUD when the dose distribution changes is found. This bound is easily interpreted in terms of standard treatment planning practice.