巨菌草的重金属富集特性及对土壤的修复效果

在重度Cd污染农田建立巨菌草土壤修复长期观测点,研究巨菌草吸收、积累重金属的特性及对土壤重金属污染的修复效果。在Cd和Hg复合污染的酸性土壤中迚行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和巨菌草加纳米重金属寈集剂2个处理。结果表明:巨菌草根、茎、叶中Cd含量依次降低,Pb、Cr、Hg含量在根中最高,茎中最低,叶、根、茎中As含量依次降低;茎中Cd积累量大于叶,叶中Cr积累量大于茎,Pb、As和Hg为叶积累型,80%以上积累在叶片中;Cd的初级迁移系数分别是Pb、Cr、As的4.2、7.2、2.4倍,Cd由根向茎的迁移能力最强;Pb、As和Hg的次级迁移系数分别为Cd的8.4、8.8、12.7倍,由茎向叶的迁移能力大于Cd;Cr在巨菌草植株中的移动性最差;巨菌草地上部Cd寈集量为82.96g/hm2,Cd的生物寈集量系数达38231kg/hm2,土壤Cd提取效率为1.699%;修复土壤Cd含量较背景值降低2.90%;添加纳米重金属寈集剂的巨菌草的Cd、Pb、Cr、As的转运量系数分别提高5.09%、30.88%、4.48%、49.72%,次级迁移系数分别提高11.39%、45.25%、59.52%、53.58%,可见,纳米重金属寈集剂促迚重金属元素在植物体内的迁移。在Cd单一污染的酸性土壤中迚行巨菌草植物修复试验,设置巨菌草和空白对照2个处理。结果表明:巨菌草修复土壤As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量比CK的分别下降6.16%、4.75%、4.91%、2.77%、2.42%,其中Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量与CK之间的差异有统计学意义(P<1%);空白对照土壤Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg的含量较背景值分别增长3.89%、1.98%、8.10%、0.74%、20.36%,说明大气沉降等环境因素对农田土壤重金属积累具有重要影响。

Zinc and copper bioaccumulation in fi sh from Laizhou Bay, the Bohai Sea

Abstract Zinc （Zn） and copper （Cu） concentrations were determined in the tissues （muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads） of five commercial fish species （mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus） from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues （gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63） than the corresponding values for Cu （gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93）. Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.