攀援角度对五爪金龙形态、生物量分配及相对生长速率的影响

对不同攀援角度五爪金龙的形态、生物量分配及生长特性等参数进行了分析。结果表明:随攀援角度的增加,五爪金龙主茎长度增加、总叶面积减少;其根生物量比(RMR)增加,叶生物量比(LMR)下降,茎生物量比(SMR)变化不明显。其中,0°攀援生长五爪金龙的叶生物量比是根生物量比的4.625倍;90°攀援生长五爪金龙的根、茎和叶的生物量分配差异最小,在0.318～0.363g·g-1之间。攀援生长五爪金龙(30°～90°)的相对生长速率随攀援角度的增加而增大。对比0°和90°,30°和60°攀援生长五爪金龙的形态、生物量分配和生长参数均表现出较高的可塑性,对不同倾角支持物的适应能力很强。0°和90°攀援生长五爪金龙的叶面积指数(LAI)、相对生长速率(RGR)和净同化速率(NAR)均高于30°和60°。攀援角度对五爪金龙的形态、生物量分配及相对生长速率存在不同程度的影响,较高相对生长速率的五爪金龙具有较强的种间竞争能力和入侵性。

中国东南部红壤旱地种植系统的生物学及其应用研究——Ⅵ 红壤果园土壤酶活性与土壤微生物生物量研究初报

本研究对红壤果园土壤微生物生物量与土壤酶活性进行初步分析,表明随着红壤果园利用年限的增长,土壤酶活性与土壤微生物生物量显著提高,过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶的活性与土壤微生物生物量可以表征红壤旱地熟化程度与肥力水平。

Feasibility of enhanced phytoextraction of Zn contaminated soil with Zn mobilizing and plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria

Three bacterial endophytes of Sedum alfredii, VI8L2, II8L4 and VI8R2, were examined for promoting soil Zn bioavailability and Zn accumulation in S. alfredii. Results showed that three strains were re-introduced into S. alfredii rhizosphere soils under Zn stress and resulted in better plant growth, as roots biomass increased from 80% to 525% and shoot biomass from 11% to 47% compared with the uninoculated ones. Strains IVsLz, II8L4 and IVsR2 significantly increased shoot and root Zn concentrations in the ZnCO3 contaminated soil. Inoculation with strain IVsL2 resulted in 44% and 39% higher shoot and root Zn concentrations, while strain IV8R2 significantly decreased shoot Zn concentration in the Zn3（PO4）2 contaminated soils. In the aged contaminated soil, isolates IVsL2, IIsL4 and IVsR2 significantly increased root Zn concentration, but decreased shoot Zn concentration of Sedum alfredii. It suggested that endophytes might be used for enhancing phytoextraction efficiency.

Sedum alfredii : A New Lead-Accumulating Ecotype

hi a survey of plant population, Sedum alfredii Hance, a new lead (Pb)-tolerant and lead (Pb)accumulating ecotype, was found in an old Pb/Zn mining area in Zhejiang Province of China. The growth and Pb content of plant ecotypes being able to and unable to accumulate Pb were studied by hydroponic culture with different concentrations of Pb(NO3)(2). Growth of shoots of accumulating ecotype was not affected by Ph treatments up to 320 mg/L, whereas that of non-accumulating ecotype was inhibited in all Ph treatments. The Ph concentrations in the roots and shoots of accumulating ecotype increased with increasing of Pb level in the nutrient solution. The maximum Ph concentrations in the shoots and roots of accumulating ecotype were 514 mg/kg and 13 922 mg/kg, 2.27 times and 2.62 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype, respectively. The highest rate of Pb accumulation of accumulating ecotype was 8.62 mug/plant/d, 7.16 times as much as that of non-accumulating ecotype. Due to its fast growth rate and high Pb-accumulating ability, from a phytoremediation perspective, accumulating ecotype of S. alfredii is a potential plant species for Pb removal from contaminated soils.

Landscapes Construction of Ecological, Cultural and Active Residential Districts with the Design of Longji Flower City as an Example

With the accelerating development of modern residential districts and the improvement of living levels, the requirement of people on environment is increasingly enhanced as well as the demand for culture. Based on people-oriented principle, this design utilized Chinese 'Fu' (blessings) culture to express people’s eager for a better life and the atmosphere of good fortune. It also produced the image of ecological environment by designing water landscapes and plant landscapes, created active space like squares for activity and active water system and developed the characteristics of residential districts by designing landscape sketches and plant landscapes.

Responses of Tree Species to Climate Warming at Different Spatial Scales

Tree species respond to climate change at multiple scales,such as species physiological response at fine scale and species distribution (quantified by percent area) at broader spatial scale.At a given spatial scale,species physiological response and distribution can be correlated positively or negatively.The consistency of such correlation relationships at different spatial scales determines whether species responses derived from local scales can be extrapo-lated to broader spatial scales.In this study,we used a coupled modeling approach that coupled a plot-level ecosystem process model (LINKAGES) with a spatially explicit landscape model (LANDIS).We investigated species physio-logical responses and distribution responses to climate warming at the local,zonal and landscape scales respectively,and examined how species physiological response and distribution correlated at each corresponding scale and whether the correlations were consistent among these scales.The results indicate that for zonal and warming-sensitive species,the correlations between species physiological response and distribution are consistent at these spatial scales,and therefore the research results of vegetation response to climate warming at the local scale can be extrapolated to the zonal and landscape scales.By contrast,for zonal and warming-insensitive species the correlations among different spatial scales are consistent at some spatial scales but at other scales.The results also suggest that the results of azonal species at the local scale near their distribution boundaries can not be extrapolated simply to broader scales due to stronger responses to climate warming in those boundary regions.

Protected Areas, Subsistence Farming Systems and Nature Conservation

The preservation of the traditional subsistence farming systems and the conservation of natural values （habitats, fauna and flora）, in articulation with local development, was the key issues in this paper. The farmers have been able to manage the systems so as to cope with adverse conditions, but their future is quite uncertain. The methodology included： （1） field observation visits and cartographic information analysis of land use; （2） structured interviews with animal production and agro-forestry specialists; and （3） meetings with the participation of stakeholders. The paper concludes that depopulation is responsible for the increasing decline of agriculture and livestock. The decrease in agricultural activity in general and the consequent practices and traditional systems of agriculture causes changes in the landscape and has negative effects on nature conservation and biodiversity. Thus, we believe that the preservation and development of traditional economic activities linked to agriculture, agro-forestry and food processing are essential to maintain the typical landscape and to preserve natural values of Montemuro Site. The paper shows that in mountain areas, particularly those classified as nature network sites, farming, economic development and nature conservation are not antagonistic objectives.

Road-Spine versus Road-Tube： Roads as Space Generators

Arteries devoted to sustain streams of users, resources and debris, are a foremost factor and pre-condition of the development of urban areas and of the transformation of landscapes. Roadscapes reflect outcomes related to super urbanization tendencies. Often conceived as isolated tubes, roads cut and obscure form, structure, biotic and abiotic factors of sites, urban fabrics and spaces. A broad vision of landscape is a basis for reconceiving roads. The concept of road-spine emerges： the road is conceived as the basis of a bundle of routes, nodes, surfaces, poles and tiles, devised to frame and shape a mosaic of open spaces, crops, farms, stores, basins and service areas. The road-spine entails the idea of a permeable infrastructure devised to integrate diverse functions： from serving various forms of motion, by ordering an isotropic grid of routes, to framing a porous urbanscape; from disposing surfaces meant to preserve biocenosis and biotopes, to favoring osmosis amid land uses. It also prefigures a distribution of land uses dependent on site vocations, and a mosaic of scenarios open to encounter, evasion, rest, amusement, participation, and to spontaneous practices of space.

IMPACT OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON VEGETATION ALONGSIDE QINGHAI-XIZANG HIGHWAY AND RAILWAY

Based on the field investigation in August 2001 and August 2002, digitalChina Vegetation Map in 2001 and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau Vegetation Regionalization Map in1996, vegetation characteristics along two sides of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway are studiedin this paper. Meanwhile, the impact of Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway constructions on thevegetation types are analyzed using ARCVIEW, ARC/INFO and PATCH ANALYSIS. It was found that: 1)Qinghai-Xizang highway and railway span 9 latitudes, 12 longitudes and 6 physical geographic regions(East Qinghai and Qilian mountain steppe region, Qaidam mountain desert region, SouthQinghai-Xizang alpine meadow steppe region, Qiangtang alpine steppe region, Golog-Nagqu alpine shrubmeadow region and South Xizang mountain shrub steppe region); 2) the construction of Qinghai-Xizanghighway and railway destroyed natural vegetation and landscape, especially in 50m-wide bufferregions along both sides of the roads, it was estimated that the net primary productivity deceasedby about 30 504.62t/a and the gross biomass deceased by 432 919.25-1 436 104.3t. The losing primaryproductivity accounted for 5.70% of the annual primary productivity within Ikm-wide buffer regions(535 005.07-535 740.11t/a), and only 0.80%-0.89% of that within 10km-wide buffer regions (3 408950.45-3 810 480.92t/a). The losing gross biomass was about 9.47%-17.06% of the gross biomass within1km-wide buffer regions (7 502 971.85-25 488 342.71t), and only 1.47%-2.94% of that within10km-wide buffer regions (43 615 065.35-164 150 665.37t).

The Prospect and Feasibility Assessment of Brine Shrimp （Artemia franciscana） Culture in Bangladesh

A laboratory-based work was conducted on development, biometry （cyst diameter, hatching efficiency and hatching percentage） and survival rate of Artemia franciscana at 35 ppt using natural brine water under constant aeration facilities. The experiment was carried out for both chorionic and decapsulated cysts. There was a significant increase in hatching output of the decapsulated cysts than the chorionic cysts. The survival rate was counted only for the chorionic cysts because nauplii hatched from decapsulated cysts died after four days of incubation before reaching the adult stage. Untill now the Artemia cysts are imported from abroad. Though the prospect of mass production of Artemia in Bangladesh is feasible but there needs to be more studies done.

Construction and Optimization on Environmental Protection under the Background of Species Diversity and Green Ecology

In this paper, we conduct research on the construction and optimization on environmental protection under the background of species diversity and green ecology. In scope, the environmental policies include pollution control policies, ecological conservation policies and basic international environmental policies which should be considered based on the following aspects. （1） The urban environment issue possibly emerges in the urban inside and outside interactions, thus the government to the ecological environment must pay attention to the sector coordination, and even must global footprint from the national and criterion consideration. （2） Environmental protection is not only adapted to the needs of the environment through the transformation, but stressed that ecological construction, that is, to promote the coordination between mankind and the natural environment. Development and protection are regional which should be global and intertwined.

＂Universal Design＂ Approach for the Participation of the Disabled in Urban Life

Disability can occur to anyone and anyone can have difficulties in fulfilling daily activities in a certain part of their lives. Accessibility is a crucial matter and a basic human right for the disabled people in order to join the urban life. For this reason, the physical environment must be set, starting with the planning and design stage, in a form that can satisfy the utility and accessibility requirements of disabled people. One of the most important recent concepts to enable accessible and useful spaces for the disabled is the ＂universal design＂. Nowadays, even though there is an increase in the number of scientific publications, meetings and decisions taken, the regulatory process on our current living environment is developing slowly regarding the physical accessibility. At this point, the most important role regarding the handling of social and political paradigms of disability, addressing different users, application of the principals of universal design and creating knowledge in order to increase social awareness belongs to the departments of universities that offer design courses. The subject of the study in this context is to determine the contents and the proportion of the courses （compulsory and elective） related to ＂universal design and ＂disability design＂, which will ensure our living environment to be accessible and independently utilized for everyone, in the course plan of the architecture, interior architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture departments in Turkey.

Effects of 6-Month Weight Loss New Program on Anthropometric Measurements and Biological Profile

Obesity has become a leading global health problem owing to its strong association with a high incidence of diseases. Obesity is results from the complex interaction of environmental factors that act on a genetic background and led to excess accumulated of body fat. Treatment of obesity includes determination of the degree of obesity, management weight loss programme and maintenance of body weight. To investigate effect 6 months safe weight loss program on anthropometric measurements and biological and metabolic profiles in obese patients. 35 obese patients were enrolled in the present study： 20 female, 15 male. Participants underwent a comprehensive series of biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, and nutritional prior to treatment- at baseline and after the six-month of the obesity treatment program. 6 months weight loss program. Diet plan intervention in small groups. In-person training and individual diet plan intervention. There is significant reduction in weight and high improvement in laboratory parameters. Our data showed that there an improvement in weight loss. These finding may be important for controlling obesity-related co-morbidities. It would appear that moderate weight loss of 8-10 % observed in our study resulted in significant improvements in laboratory parameters

国产重组人白介素-11衍生物治疗化疗后血小板减少的临床观察

目的：观察国产？重组人白介素-11（rhlL-11）衍生物治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后血小板减少的临床疗效度不良反应。方法：恶性肿瘤化疗结束后出现血小板〈50X109／L的患者30例，其中20例入选治疗组，应用rhIL--11衍生物治疗，每日皮下注射1．5mg；10例入选对照组，不给予rhIL-11衍生物治疗。结果：治疗组血小板恢复至≥（80—100）X109／L的平均时间为5．65土2．37d，明显低于对照组8．90±3．72d（p〈0．05）。治疗蛆中不良反应为：头晕、头痛、肌肉关节疼痛。结论：rhIL-11衍生物治疗恶性肿瘤化疗所致的血小板下降疗效确切，不良反应可耐受。

Ten Years of GIAHS Development in Japan

Approximately ten years have passed since Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)was introduced to Japan in 2011,with 11 GIAHS sites designated so far.The Japan Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(J-NIAHS),which considers resilience,multi-stakeholder participation and sixth industrialization,was subsequently established in 2016,and has designated 15 J-NIAHS sites.GIAHS sites can be classified into three major types:Landscape,farming method,and genetic resource conservation types,and most Japanese GIAHS sites are of the landscape type.Since there is almost no national subsidy for GIAHS or J-NIAHS,designated sites are expected to secure funding for conservation from their own efforts.For this reason,a voluntary network of the Japanese GIAHS sites has been active in promoting cooperation on GIAHS conservation.The priorities of the Japanese GIAHS have focused on raising public awareness about GIAHS and J-NIAHS,improving livelihoods,as well as fostering the international exchange of experience and knowledge regarding Agricultural Heritage Systems,especially among Japan,China and Korea.

Landscape design method for a green community based on green building design theory

Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.

Moose at their bioclimatic edge alter their behavior based on weather, landscape, and predators

Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied ungulates that are sensitive to heat stress and have exhibited population declines and range contractions along their southern geographic extent. Using a hidden Markov model to analyze movement and accelerometer data, we assigned behaviors （rest, forage, or travel） to all locations of global positioning system-collared moose （n = 13, moose-years = 19） living near the southern edge of the species＇ range in and around Voyageurs National Park, MN, USA. We assessed how moose behavior changed relative to weather, landscape, and the presence of predators. Moose sig- nificantly reduced travel and increased resting behaviors at ambient temperatures as low as 15~C and 24~C during the spring and summer, respectively. In general, moose behavior changed season- ally in association with distance to lakes and ponds. Moose used wetlands for travel throughout the year, rested in conifer forests, and foraged in shrublands. The influence of wolves Canis lupus varied among individual moose and season, but the largest influence was a reduction in travel during spring when near a wolf home range core, primarily by pregnant females. Our analysis goes beyond habitat selection to capture how moose alter their activities based on their environment. Our findings, along with climate change forecasts, suggest that moose in this area will be required to further alter their activity patterns and space use in order to find sufficient forage and avoid heat stress.

Navigating the currents of seascape genomics： how spatial analyses can augment population genomic studies

Population genomic approaches are making rapid inroads in the study of non-model organisms, including marine taxa. To date, these marine studies have predominantly focused on rudimentary metrics describing the spatial and environmental context of their study region （e.g., geographical distance, average sea surface temperature, average salinity）. We contend that a more nuanced and considered approach to quantifying seascape dynamics and patterns can strengthen population genomic investigations and help identify spatial, temporal, and environmental factors associated with differing selective regimes or demographic histories. Nevertheless, approaches for quantifying marine landscapes are complicated. Characteristic features of the marine environment, including pelagic living in flowing water （experienced by most marine taxa at some point in their life cycle）, require a well-designed spatial-temporal sampling strategy and analysis. Many genetic summary statistics used to describe populations may be inappropriate for marine species with large population sizes, large species ranges, stochastic recruitment, and asymmetrical gene flow. Finally, statistical approaches for testing associations between seascapes and population genomic patterns are still maturing with no single approach able to capture all relevant considerations. None of these issues are completely unique to marine systems and therefore similar issues and solutions will be shared for many organisms regardless of habitat. Here, we outline goals and spatial approaches for land- scape genomics with an emphasis on marine systems and review the growing empirical literature on seascape genomics. We review established tools and approaches and highlight promising new strategies to overcome select issues including a strategy to spatially optimize sampling. Despite the many challenges, we argue that marine systems may be especially well suited for identifying candidate genomic regions under environmentally mediated selection and that seascape genomic approaches are especially useful for identifying robust locus-by-environment associations.

Degradation of the Vegetation Cover in Central Mongolia: A Case Study

Two model polygons in the Central Mongolia are considered for investigation of vegetation dynamics. They are located in rainless climatic zones -- arid and semiarid. For the emphasized polygons plots of the NDVI temporal variation and NDVI maps of its multi-temporal values on the base of Landsat TM imagery are constructed. The full-scale landscape indication of the selected NDVI areas with different values with the step through 0.1 is conducted. This indication is supported by the analysis of vegetation to environmental groups for drought resistance. Almost the entire territory of the emphasized polygons vegetation digression during this period was traced. The analysis of the time variation of NDVI shows a decrease of its values. This indicates a trend xerophytization already sparse vegetation of Gobi. In the semiarid climatic zone a digression vegetation trend is directly related to heavy load on the pastures.