Functional analysis of control genes is playing an important role in animal development.The research is mainly focused on developing a method of estimating the gene's effect or function in the development of anima...Functional analysis of control genes is playing an important role in animal development.The research is mainly focused on developing a method of estimating the gene's effect or function in the development of animals.In this article,the gene's expression and control are described by models of quantitative genetics,which include the genetic models about the genes with no interaction and interaction effect.On this basis,a method analyzing the functions of control genes in batches is advanced,the method includes three steps as follows: Firstly,describe the gene's expression and control with multiple regression models in statistic method in different conditions.Secondly,collect the material of gene's polymorphism related to the gene's expression and control.Because,gene's polymorphism or the codominant molecular marker electropherogram in a gene locus present 3 states,and can be expressed with -1,0 and 1 respectively.The author thinks it can be regarded as levels in orthogonal layout.Discard the materials of gene's polymorphism not fitting the orthogonal layout,and use the materials of gene's polymorphism fitting the orthogonal layout as the data to estimate the gene's effects.Thirdly,analyze the gene's effect or function with equations as follows:suppose that a quantitative trait is controlled by N gene loci,in each locus there are two alleles,the alleles' effects are A GM1 ?a GM1 ;A GM2 ? a GM2 ;...;A GMi ?a GMi ;...;A GMN ;a GMN units respectively.When the genotype in a locus is heterozygous A GMi a GMi ,the interaction coefficient of alleles in a locus is K units.If there is no interaction among different gene loci,the author thinks,the gene's effects and gene's type can be estimated by using such equation: P GM =2∑Ni=1(A i-a i+K i)+∑Ni=1(A i-a i)M GMi -∑Ni=1K GMi M GMi 2 If there are interactions among different gene loci,and the effect of the x th gene's state combined with the y th gene's state in the k th gene group is defined as Y xyr ,and let gene group electropherogram states be r (where r∈ ),the author thinks,the gene group's effects can be estimated by the equation: Y xyr = K PCxy0 +K PCxy r+K PCxy' r 2+K PCxy'' 3+K PCxy(3') r 4+K PCxy(4') r 5+K PCxy(5') r 6+K PCxy(6') r 7+K PCxy(7') r 8 If there are interactions among more genes,the analogous method can also be used. In this way,be using the gene's codominent marker materials fitting the orthogonal layout,the gene's expression and control can be researched by the method of multiple regression,the gene's relative effect can be estimated,the overdominant gene's overdominant coefficient can be assessed,the gene's type can be identified,the interaction gene group's relative effect and the interaction gene's relation can be estimated as well,and furthermore,the gene's relation can be expressed in equations.For the sake of understanding the method used in this paper,the rout to prove it is given as well.Finally,the author thinks,this method is very useful to research the gene's function in molecular developmental biology.展开更多
To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirt...To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, Pep.pp. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.展开更多
文摘Functional analysis of control genes is playing an important role in animal development.The research is mainly focused on developing a method of estimating the gene's effect or function in the development of animals.In this article,the gene's expression and control are described by models of quantitative genetics,which include the genetic models about the genes with no interaction and interaction effect.On this basis,a method analyzing the functions of control genes in batches is advanced,the method includes three steps as follows: Firstly,describe the gene's expression and control with multiple regression models in statistic method in different conditions.Secondly,collect the material of gene's polymorphism related to the gene's expression and control.Because,gene's polymorphism or the codominant molecular marker electropherogram in a gene locus present 3 states,and can be expressed with -1,0 and 1 respectively.The author thinks it can be regarded as levels in orthogonal layout.Discard the materials of gene's polymorphism not fitting the orthogonal layout,and use the materials of gene's polymorphism fitting the orthogonal layout as the data to estimate the gene's effects.Thirdly,analyze the gene's effect or function with equations as follows:suppose that a quantitative trait is controlled by N gene loci,in each locus there are two alleles,the alleles' effects are A GM1 ?a GM1 ;A GM2 ? a GM2 ;...;A GMi ?a GMi ;...;A GMN ;a GMN units respectively.When the genotype in a locus is heterozygous A GMi a GMi ,the interaction coefficient of alleles in a locus is K units.If there is no interaction among different gene loci,the author thinks,the gene's effects and gene's type can be estimated by using such equation: P GM =2∑Ni=1(A i-a i+K i)+∑Ni=1(A i-a i)M GMi -∑Ni=1K GMi M GMi 2 If there are interactions among different gene loci,and the effect of the x th gene's state combined with the y th gene's state in the k th gene group is defined as Y xyr ,and let gene group electropherogram states be r (where r∈ ),the author thinks,the gene group's effects can be estimated by the equation: Y xyr = K PCxy0 +K PCxy r+K PCxy' r 2+K PCxy'' 3+K PCxy(3') r 4+K PCxy(4') r 5+K PCxy(5') r 6+K PCxy(6') r 7+K PCxy(7') r 8 If there are interactions among more genes,the analogous method can also be used. In this way,be using the gene's codominent marker materials fitting the orthogonal layout,the gene's expression and control can be researched by the method of multiple regression,the gene's relative effect can be estimated,the overdominant gene's overdominant coefficient can be assessed,the gene's type can be identified,the interaction gene group's relative effect and the interaction gene's relation can be estimated as well,and furthermore,the gene's relation can be expressed in equations.For the sake of understanding the method used in this paper,the rout to prove it is given as well.Finally,the author thinks,this method is very useful to research the gene's function in molecular developmental biology.
基金Supported by Chinese Basic Research Project (G1999012007) and Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39700017).
文摘To compare genetic markers for population genetics analysis, allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） were used to detect the genetic structure of scallop Chlamysfarreri population. Thirteen enzymes （MDH, ME, IDH, GPI, PGM, PEP-LG, PEP-pp, ACP, AK, PK, AAT, SOD, EST） in three butter systems （TC, pH6.9; TMME, pH 7.4; and EBT, pHS.9） were selected and 22 loci were used for the analysis, among them 7 loci （Gpi, Pgm, Pep.m-l, Pep.pp. Aat-2, Est-2, Est-3） were polymorphic which attributed 31.82% to the total. The average of heterozygosity was 0.113 and most of the studied loci showed heterozygote deficiencies. The same specimens were investigated using 10 arbitrarily selected primers （10-base）. Twenty two of 54 RAPD fragments were polymorphic with average heterozygosity of 0.194. The result indicated that the two types of markers reflected a consistent trend in the parameter values of genetic diversity of the population, but RAPD revealed more information of genetic variation than allozyme electrophoresis.
