生物溶液在慢速冷冻过程中的极化模型

介电测量的实验表明:由水、氯化钠和低温保护剂组成的细胞低温保存液,经过慢速冷冻之后,在低频下都有很高的介电系数出现。作者们分析了三元溶液在冷冻过程中的物理化学性质,并进一步用低温显微镜对高锰酸钾溶液在低温下的微观结构进行了观察之后,得出了三元溶液在低温下为不均匀体系的结论,并由此引入了新的介质极化模型,从而较圆满地解释了该溶液在慢速冷冻过程中出现高介电系数的机理。

生物多糖溶液喷射减阻实验研究

为获得生物多糖溶液的水下减阻性能,在重力式循环水槽实验系统中,测试了瓜尔胶、黄原胶、黄蓍胶及刺槐豆胶等4种生物多糖溶液的喷射减阻特性,给出了喷射溶液速率、主流雷诺数及喷射溶液质量分数对多糖溶液减阻的影响规律。研究结果表明:4种生物多糖溶液均具有显著的喷射减阻效果,其中刺槐豆胶溶液减阻率最高(14.3%);同一主流雷诺数下,随着喷射溶液速率的提高,各多糖溶液的减阻率显著提高,减阻率达到峰值后则呈现出不同的变化趋势;多糖溶液在主流雷诺数较小(<2.0×10^(4))时减阻效果更优,提高主流雷诺数后,多糖溶液表现出差异化的减阻规律;喷射溶液质量分数过高会降低多糖溶液减阻效果,提高主流雷诺数会使多糖溶液减阻效果随质量分数的提高出现“峰值后移”现象。通过引入“喷射溶液相对质量分数”将喷射溶液速率、主流雷诺数及喷射溶液质量分数对减阻效果的影响相互耦合,随着相对质量分数的增大,4种多糖溶液的减阻率均表现出先升后降的变化规律。最后,基于相对质量分数初步阐明了多糖溶液的减阻规律。

在生物相容性溶液体系中金纳米链的合成及其光谱性质

在生物相容性的葡萄糖-柠檬酸盐溶液体系中,研究了Au(III)离子的化学还原和金纳米粒子的各向异性生长;借助VIS/NIR光谱和透射电子显微镜的表征以及梯度离心分离技术,获得了具有多重孪晶、形状类似于马铃薯的链状金纳米粒子结构,其溶液具有2个表面等离子体共振吸收峰,分别呈现在光谱曲线较短和较长波长方向;研究了在含有球形和椭圆形金纳米粒子的溶液中由NaOH诱导所产生的自组装行为,获得了具有类似于金纳米棒光谱性质的金纳米链,其纵向共振吸收光谱峰位于大约800 nm波长处。简要讨论了在溶液体系中链状金纳米结构的形成和纳米粒子的自组装机理。

复方博落回生物碱溶液对玄参黑点球象成虫的毒力

目的:测定复方博落回生物碱溶液对玄参黑点球象成虫的毒力。方法:应用文献法提取博落回果实、烟叶中的生物碱;将博落回生物碱、烟碱和表面活性剂组成复方博落回生物碱溶液;采用喷雾法将不同浓度的复方博落回生物碱溶液施药于玄参黑点球象成虫;通过正交试验,分析复方博落回生物碱溶液中各组分的作用;用计算机软件SPSS 11.5进行统计学分析。结果:复方博落回生物碱溶液对玄参黑点球象成虫的LD50为27.003mg/L、95%可信区间为15.677～80.073mg/L。正交试验考察了各因素对玄参黑点球象毒力作用的影响程度,各因素的最佳组合是A2B1C2D2。结论:复方博落回生物碱溶液对玄参黑点球象成虫有毒杀作用。各组分的最佳组合和施药方案是博落回生物碱原液∶水为1∶4、10%烟碱溶液、10%吐温-80,对每只玄参黑点球象的受药量分4次进行连续喷雾。

禽舍微生物气溶胶含量及其空气动力学研究

采用 Andersen-微生物空气样品收集器 ,选用普通营养琼脂和金黄色葡萄球菌选择培养基对一个种鸡场舍环境空气进行监测。其需氧菌含量从 3.12× 10 4到 9.0 1× 10 5 ,金黄色葡萄球菌含量波动于 2 .0× 10 3 ～ 3.3× 10 4CFU/m3 之间。根据微生物气溶胶颗粒在 Andersen-收集器不同层级上的分离情况得知 ,2 2 .5 %的需氧菌、1.8%的金黄色葡萄球菌气溶胶颗粒的空气动力学直径 ( d5 0 )为Φ 0 .6 5～ 2 .1μm ,它们能进入人、畜的肺泡 。

生物乙醇制乙烯初探

原油价格的不断攀升以及生物乙醇的飞速发展已对乙烯产业产生影响,也为乙醇脱水制乙烯技术路线的发展创造了机会。本文初步研究了采用改性HZSM-5催化剂、以生物乙醇溶液为原料制备乙烯。考察了反应温度、乙醇质量空速、乙醇浓度对该反应的影响,得到了优化的工艺条件:反应温度230℃,乙醇质量空速1.5～1.7 h-1,乙醇浓度80～150 g/L,乙醇转化率达到99%以上,乙烯选择性达到98%以上。

博落回生物碱对蝗虫成虫毒力试验简报

目的:测定博落回生物碱对蝗虫成虫的毒力作用,为利用药用植物提取物杀灭蝗虫的无公害防治提供参考。方法:用文献法提取博落回果实中的生物碱,制备博落回生物碱溶液;采用喷雾法将博落回生物碱溶液喷施于蝗虫成虫;进行了博落回生物碱溶液对蝗虫成虫的田间小面积试验;用计算机软件SPSS11.5进行统计学分析。结果:在96小时内,博落回生物碱对蝗虫成虫的LD50为29.568mg/L,95%可信限为2.5563～69.473mg/L。田间小面积施药3天后,每平方米内虫口减退达90%左右,持效时间7天。结论:博落回溶液对蝗虫成虫具有一定的杀灭作用。

澳洲SC-27菌剂在空心菜上的肥效试验

由Bio Geneitc Laboratory Pty Ltd,Western Australia提供的SC－27菌剂，是一种高度浓缩的活性体微生物溶液，它可通过大量微生物的作用，促进土壤养分有效化，改善根际环境，提高作物产量，为了检验SC－27对空 的肥效，我们进行了有关试验和示范，本文给予总结。

pH Stability of Defibrase_ in Aqueous Solution Determined by En-zyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Stability of Defibrase in various pH buffer solutions was investigated. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and coagulating time method were used to assess antigenic stability and coagulating stability, respectively. The change of antigenic activities and coagulating activities of Defibrase in the same buffer solutions (pH 6, 7 and 8, with the exception of pH 3.6) showed similar tendency to decline with the time. Concentrated Defi-brase was relatively stable at neutral pH 6~7, more than 95% of its initial activities (100BUmL-1) was kept after a 10-day storage at 40 oC, whereas in pH 3.6 and pH 9 buffer solutions, diluted Defibrase was very labile. Addition of Triton X-100 or bovine serum albumin could effectively prevent loss of Defibrase by minimizing adsorption of De-fibrase to plastic surface (P<0.005). Concentration of Defibrase could also affect its stability in aqueous solutions.

Biosorption of Cd (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) Ions by Aqueous Solutions of Novel Alkalophillic Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp. Biomass

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment.Bio-sorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution.The search of marine actinobacteria with potential heavy metal biosorption ability resulted in the identification of a novel alkalophilic Streptomyces VITSVK5 species.The biosorption property of Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp.was investigated by absorbing heavy metals Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb).Physiochemical characteristics and trace metal concentration analysis of the backwater showed the concentrations of different metals were lead 13±2.1 μg L-1,cadmium 3.1±0.3μg L-1,zinc 8.4±2.6μg L-1 and copper 0.3±0.1μg L-1,whereas mercury was well below the detection limit.The effect of pH and biomass dosage on removal efficiency of heavy metal ions was also investigated.The optimum pH for maximal biosorption was 4.0 for Cd (II) and 5.0 for Pb (II) with 41% and 84% biosorption respectively.The biosorbent dosage was optimized as 3 g L-1 for both the trace metals.Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum results indicated the chemical interactions of hydrogen atoms in carboxyl (–COOH),hydroxyl (–CHOH) and amine (–NH2) groups of biomass with the metal ions.This could be mainly involved in the biosorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) onto Streptomyces VITSVK5 spp.The results of our study revealed Streptomyces metabolites could be used to develop a biosorbent for adsorbing metal ions from aqueous environments.

Nitric acid pressure leaching of limonitic laterite ores:Regeneration of HNO3 and simultaneous synthesis of fibrous CaSO4·2H2O by-products

An innovative technology,nitric acid pressure leaching of limonitic laterite ores,was proposed by our research team.The HNO3 regeneration is considerable significance for the improvement of the proposed technology and its commercial application,but it has not been systematically investigated.Herein,regenerating HNO3 from Ca(NO3)2 solution with low-cost H2SO4,and simultaneous synthesis of fibrous CaSO4·2H2O by-products were studied.As a theoretical basis,the solubility of CaSO4·2H2O in HNO3 medium is studied.It is concluded that the solubility of CaSO4·2H2O increases with increasing temperature or increasing HNO3 concentration,which has considerable guiding significance for the subsequent experimental research and analysis.Then,the effects of various factors on the residual Ca^2+ concentration of filtrate,the regenerated HNO3 concentration and the morphology of synthesized products are investigated using ICP-AES and SEM.And the effect mechanism is also analyzed.The results indicate the regenerated HNO3 concentration reaches 116 g/L with the residual Ca^2+ concentration being 9.7 g/L at the optimum conditions.Moreover,fibrous CaSO4·2H2O by-products with high aspect ratios(length,406.32μm;diameter,14.71μm;aspect ratio,27.62)can be simultaneously synthesized.

Tomato Growth and Organic Acid Changes in Response to Partial Replacement of NO_3^--N by NH_4^+-N

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of NO-3-N by NH4+-N on the seedling growth and organic acid content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A completely randomized design was established with three replications and five treatments, i.e., NO-3-N/NH4+-N of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100. Results showed that 25% replacement of NO3--N by NH4+-N significantly (P = 0.05) improved fresh and dry weight, revealing that a proper percentage of NH4+-N was important for tomato nitrogen nutrition. This could increase the plant growth even though tomato was a crop that preferred nitrate nutrition. Also an increase in the proportion of NH4+-N in the nutrient solution led to a significant decrease (P = 0.05) in malate, citrate and fumarate. However, the 25% NH4+-N plus 75% NO3--N treatment had no significant effect (P = 0.05) on the 2-ketoglutarate, succinate or oxalic acid content, showing that only some organic acids in tomato plants were affected. Only pyruvate increased significantly (P = 0.05), and it only increased for 25% and 50% replacement of NO3--N by NH4+-N. Metabolism of these organic acids, especially malate, citrate and fumarate, should be further studied at the molecular level in vegetables applied with different nitrogen forms.

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by industrial fungus Rhizopus cohnii

An important filamentous industrial fungus,Rhizopus cohnii(R.cohnii),was used as an efficient biosorbent for removing cadmium from wastewater.The sorption conditions,such as pH,the dose of biomass and the initial concentration of cadmium were examined.Two kinds of adsorption models were applied to simulate the biosorption data.The uptake of cadmium was higher in weak acid condition than in strong acid condition.Nearly no sorption of cadmium occurred when the pH value was lower than 2.0. Biosorption isothermal data could be well simulated by both Langmuir and Freundlich models.Langmuir simulation of the biosorption showed that the maximum uptake of cadmium was 40.5 mg/g(0.36 mmol/g)in the optimal conditions,which was higher than many other adsorbents,including biosorbents and activated carbon.In addition,the reusability results showed that after five times of sorption and desorption process,the sorption capacity of R.cohnii could still maintain nearly 80%,confirming its practical application in cadmium treatment.Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed that carboxyl,amino and hydroxyl groups on biosorbent R.cohnii surface were responsible for the biosorption of cadmium.

Responses of Halophyte Salicornia bigelovii to Different Forms of Nitrogen Source

Salt-affected soils are agricultural and environmental problems on a global scale. Plants suffer from saline stresses in these soils and show nitrogen （N） deficiency symptoms. However, halophytes grow soundly under saline conditions. In order to clarify the N nutrition of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii, it was grown at several N levels （1, 2, 3, and 4 mmol L-1）, supplied in the form of NO3 or ammonium （NH4＋）, under high NaCl conditions （200 mmol L-l）. NH4^＋- fed plants showed better growth than NO3-fed plants at 1-3 mmol L-1N, and plants in both treatments showed the same growth at 4 mmol L-1 N. Nitrogen contents in NO3-fed plants increased with the N concentrations in solution; competitive inhibition of NO3- absorption by Cl- was observed under lower N conditions. In addition, shoot dry weight was significantly correlated only with shoot N content. Therefore, growth of NO3-fed plants was regulated by N absorption. In contrast, N contents of shoots in NH4＋-fed plants did not change with N concentration. Shoot Na content decreased with increasing N concentration, while K content increased. Dry weight was highly correlated only with K content in NH4＋-fed plants. These observations indicated that growth of NH4＋-fed plants was mainly regulated by K absorption.

Studies on Partial Molar Volumes of Some Amino Acids and Their Groups in Aqueous Solutions from 293.15K to 333.15K

Densities of aqueous solutions of eight amino acids, glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-arginine and L-phenylalanine, are measured as a function of amino acid concentration from 293.15K to 333.15K. These data are used to calculate the apparent molar volume Vφ and infinite dilution apparent molar volume Vφo (partial molar volume). Data of five amino acids are used to correlate partial molar volume Vφo usinggroup contribution method to estimate the contributions of the zwitterionic end groups (NH3+,COO-) and CH2 group, OH group, CNHNHNH2 group and C6H5(phenyl) group of amino acids. The results show that Vφo values for all kinds of groups of amino acids studied increase with increase of temperature except those for CH2 group, which are almost constant within the studied temperature range. Data of other amino acids, L-valine, L-isoleucine and L-threonine, are chosen for comparison with the predicted partial molar volume Vφo using the group additivity parameters obtained. The results confirm that this group additivity method has excellent predictive utility.

脱矿釉质树脂渗透后的再矿化研究

目的研究渗透树脂联合生物活性玻璃溶液对脱矿釉质治疗与再矿化后的牙齿颜色与硬度的影响。方法将20块经脱矿液脱矿的釉质块用渗透树脂治疗后随机分为A组和B组,分别采用生物活性玻璃溶液和去离子水进行再矿化;对2组进行二次脱矿处理。采用HSV-1000IS显微硬度计和分光光度比色仪分别检测不同处理后2组即刻的硬度和颜色。结果(1)再矿化后A组的显微硬度值(209.41±21.53)大于B组硬度值(176.22±21.38);二次脱矿后的A组的显微硬度值(121.55±14.75)大于B组(95.52±13.29),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)分光光度比色仪颜色检测结果显示,A组再矿化后和二次脱矿后的色差值均小于B组(P<0.05),2组再矿化后色差值均小于3.7,肉眼不易分辨;A组二次脱矿后的色差值小于3.7,肉眼不易分辨;B组二次脱矿后的色差值大于3.7,临床不可接受。结论渗透树脂联合生物活性玻璃溶液对脱矿釉质治疗和再矿化后颜色和硬度方面较单一渗透树脂治疗更有优势。

醋酸氯己定溶液微生物限度检查方法验证结果及应用

目的:考察干扰醋酸氯己定溶液微生物限度检查的因素并建立了化学药品醋酸氯己定溶液微生物限度检查方法试验。方法:参照中国药典2005年版二部附录微生物限度检查方法试验。结果:采用常规法对细菌、霉菌及酵母菌和控制菌进行验证。该药品均对枯草芽孢杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,大场埃希菌及铜绿假单胞菌有较强的抑菌作用,故可采用常规法进行霉菌及酵母菌检查;可采用离心薄膜过滤法对细菌进行检查;可采用薄膜过滤加培养基稀释法对控制菌进行微生物限度检查的质量控制。结论:所建立的微生物限度检查方法可用于醋酸氯己定溶液微生物限度检查,消除本品抑菌活性对试验的干扰.

Electrochemical response to biomass of bacterial cells of Achromobacter sp. CH-1 growth

A simple and effective method has been developed to reflect the growth of bacteria CH-1via the potential of the solution.The results indicate that during the bacterial cultivation,the biomass increases and the potential of the solution decreases over time.The relationship between biomass and potential of the solution could be expressed by the equation with constants of a and b whichare all related to species,batch,number,and growth environment of bacterial.When the initial pH value is10and the initial biomassis6.55×107cell/mL,the correlated equation of the biomass and the potential of the solution could be divided into two segments.Thegrowth of bacteria CH-1is different under various experimental conditions,but the biomass is directly related to the potential of thesolution regardless of the conditions of different initial pH values and bacteria number.

Modelling Simultaneous Transport of Bioreactive Solutes and Microorganisms in Porous Media

Recent years have seen the development of a number of mathematical models for the description of the simultaneous transport of microorganisms and bioreactive solutes in porous media. Most models are based on the advection dispersion equation, with terms added to account for interactions with the surfaces of the solid matrix, transformations and microbial activities. Those models based on the advection dispersion equation have all been shown to represent laboratory experimental data adequately although various assumptions have been made concerning the pore scale distribution of bacteria. This paper provides an overview of the recent work on modelling the transport and fate of microorganisms and bioreactive solutes in porous media and examines the different assumptions regarding the pore scale distribution of microorganisms.

Reflux-synthesized bulk and diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes for the valorization of short-chain oxygenates aqueous mixtures

This work reports the preparation of bulk and KIT-6-diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes by a reflux method. The influence of the incorporation of Nb and a mesoporous silica on the physicochemical features of the catalysts is studied. The addition of Nb favors the formation of single-phase oxide bronze structure, with improved Lewis acidity;while the incorporation of KIT-6 gives rise to well-dispersed mixed metal oxide particles on the diluter. These diluted W-Nb-O catalysts present enhanced surface areas and mesopore volumes. The materials have been tested in the valorization of an aqueous model mixture (acetol/propanal/ethanol/acetic acid/water weight ratio of 5/25/10/30/30), through C-C bond formation reactions. The increase in the Lewis nature of surface acid sites stands as the key point to maximize the total organic yield during the reaction (C5-C10 products). The best catalysts maintain their catalytic behavior after five consecutive uses.