生物炭肥料主要养分元素含量及其产率的研究

为了探讨生物炭肥料的科学制备方法,筛选出适宜的生物炭肥料原料,收集了河南省多种果枝、粮经作物与蔬菜秸秆作为试验材料,对这些生物质原料的热解温度、原料与肥料营养元素含量、肥料产率进行了分析。结果表明:有7种果枝和作物蔬菜秸秆适合用于制作生物炭肥料,其中以果枝的含碳量较高,粮经作物和蔬菜秸秆的含碳量较低,果枝和秸秆中全氮、全磷、全钾含量的变化规律不明显。果枝和秸秆的热解温度会影响生物炭肥料的养分含量,生物炭肥料的产出率是确定热解温度的主要因素,热解温度过低则原料分解不充分,过高则生物炭肥料的产量低。生物炭肥料质量主成分分析结果表明,茄子秆、花生秆、葡萄枝比较适合作为制作生物炭肥料的原料,生物炭肥料生产技术的研发为农业废弃物资源化利用提供了技术支撑。

生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率影响的研究

为了研究生物炭肥料对河套灌区耕层土壤肥力及含水率的影响,试验设置以当地常规施肥为对照(CK),分别采用与CK处理等养分(C3)、70%养分(C2)和40%养分(C1)的生物炭肥料处理,共计4个处理。结果表明:在有灌水的情况下,生物炭肥料对耕层土壤含水率提高显著。生物炭肥料的施用对耕层土壤有机质、速效磷及速效钾含量均有显著提高,而碱解氮含量随着生物炭肥施用量的增加有所下降,但未出现显著变化。试验结果初步表明,在河套灌区施用生物炭肥料,能够减少肥料投入,对增加耕层土壤肥力有着积极的作用。

生物质炭肥料对夏玉米生长的影响

生物质炭农业与环境应用已经成为国内外的研究热点,本研究将生物质炭与一定量的化学肥料混合,制造成生物质炭肥料,并施入农田,研究生物质炭肥料对夏玉米生长及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:所有施肥处理,土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮及有效钾显著提高,施用生物质炭肥料,土壤有效钾明显高于其他处理。施用生物质炭肥料显著提高了玉米籽粒产量和地上部生物量,平均分别提高了19%和23%;茎干、叶片和籽粒的NPK含量也显著提高,尤其是叶片NPK含量,平均分别提高了25%、36%和118%,同时加入肥料添加剂的效果更好。研究结果说明生物质炭肥料不仅提高了玉米生物量和产量,而且对土壤具有一定的培肥作用,与肥料添加剂一起施用效果更好。

Biochar for Soil Management： Effect on Soil Available N and Soil Water Storage

Soil management technologies for climate change adaptation and mitigation are needed to increase and sustain food production in smallholder agriculture while sequestering inert carbon in the soil. In a field studies at Crops Research Institute, Kwadaso-Kumasi Ghana, a control treatment, five inorganic fertilizer combinations （P30K60, N60P30K60, N120P30K60, NlsoP30K60 and N24oP3oK6o） and four biochar rates ＋ inorganic fertilizer （2 t/ha Biochar ＋ N60P30K60, 4 t/ha Biochar ＋ N60P30K60, 6 t/ha Biochar ＋ N6oP3oK6o and 8 t/ha Biochar ＋N6oP3oK6o） were assessed for their effect on soil moisture storage, soil available nitrogen and crop yield. The test crop was okra. Biochar amendments increased soil moisture storage by 14% relative to sole inorganic fertilizer applications. Biochar ＋ inorganic fertilizer relative to sole inorganic fertilizer increased soil available nitrate concentration by 85% at 0-15 cm soil depth but decreased soil ammonium-N by 71%. Compared to control, inorganic fertilizer （P3oK6o） resulted in more than 100% increase in okra fresh fruit yield. Addition of 60 kg N/ha to P3oK6o caused 23% decline in okra fresh fruit yield but showed 60% more okra fresh fruit yield than the control. Inorganic N rates of 120,180 kg N/ha and 240 kg N/ha combined with P3oK6o however caused a decline of 74% in okra fresh fruit yield. Biochar ＋ inorganic fertilizer increased okra fresh fruit yield by 100% compared to sole inorganic fertilizer. Biochar, an inert carbon, combined with inorganic fertilizer has tremendous potential to address food insecurity through soil moisture storage and soil N availability.