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废弃食用油生物燃料化的影响因素:基于DEMATEL方法的分析 被引量:2
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作者 王群伟 杭叶 《中国人口·资源与环境》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第S2期58-60,共3页
废弃食用油的高效回收和燃料化利用既是保障食品安全的重要举措,也是促进能源多元化、清洁化的有效手段。基于废弃食用油产业链的多主体关系,从政府、饭店、收购商、加工商、社会公众五个维度系统分析了废弃食用油生物燃料化的影响因素... 废弃食用油的高效回收和燃料化利用既是保障食品安全的重要举措,也是促进能源多元化、清洁化的有效手段。基于废弃食用油产业链的多主体关系,从政府、饭店、收购商、加工商、社会公众五个维度系统分析了废弃食用油生物燃料化的影响因素及其交互关系。运用DEMATEL方法,定量地揭示了各因素之间的影响程度,得出了影响废弃食用油生物燃料化的原因因素、结果因素与关键因素,进而提出了促进废弃食用油生物燃料化的相关政策建议。 展开更多
关键词 废弃食用油 生物燃料化 影响因素 DEMATEL方法
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地沟油生物燃料化回收利用现状及政策建议——以苏州市为例
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作者 柏雅萍 徐言 《现代商业》 2015年第6期286-287,共2页
实现地沟油的生物燃料化回收利用是保障食品安全、缓解能源危机的双赢举措之一,回收过程是关键之处。苏州市在地沟油生物燃料化回收利用中有着独特的做法,本文在分析现状的基础上,找出存在的不足之处,提出相应的对策,推动苏州市地沟油... 实现地沟油的生物燃料化回收利用是保障食品安全、缓解能源危机的双赢举措之一,回收过程是关键之处。苏州市在地沟油生物燃料化回收利用中有着独特的做法,本文在分析现状的基础上,找出存在的不足之处,提出相应的对策,推动苏州市地沟油的生物燃料化回收和利用。 展开更多
关键词 地沟油的回收与利用:生物燃料化 政策建议
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秸秆资源的收储运模式及生物质燃料化利用分析 被引量:2
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作者 李建新 《农机使用与维修》 2022年第5期24-26,共3页
秸秆资源是农业生产过程中的重要附属资源,在农产品产出的过程中,也同时产生大量的秸秆资源。秸秆作为可再生的生物质资源,对其进行合理利用已成为社会生产生活的重要工作。介绍了秸秆资源价值与利用现状,说明了现阶段秸秆收储运工作的... 秸秆资源是农业生产过程中的重要附属资源,在农产品产出的过程中,也同时产生大量的秸秆资源。秸秆作为可再生的生物质资源,对其进行合理利用已成为社会生产生活的重要工作。介绍了秸秆资源价值与利用现状,说明了现阶段秸秆收储运工作的难点与问题,总结了秸秆的收储运合理模式,以秸秆的生物质燃料化利用说明了秸秆资源的多样化利用优势。 展开更多
关键词 秸秆资源 收储运 模式 生物燃料 利用
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Highly Efficient Synthesis of Clean Biofuels from Biomass Using FeCuZnAIK Catalyst
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作者 仇松柏 徐勇 +5 位作者 叶同奇 巩飞燕 阳芝 山本光夫 刘勇 李全新 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第6期745-752,I0004,共9页
Highly efficient synthesis of clean biofuels using the bio-syngas obtained from biomass gasi- fication was performed over Fel.5CulZnlAllK0.117 catalyst. The maximum biofuel yield from the bio-syngas reaches about 1.59... Highly efficient synthesis of clean biofuels using the bio-syngas obtained from biomass gasi- fication was performed over Fel.5CulZnlAllK0.117 catalyst. The maximum biofuel yield from the bio-syngas reaches about 1.59 kg biofuels/(kgcat·rh) with a contribution of 0.57 kg alcohols/(kgcat·rh) and 1.02 kg liquid hydrocarbons/(kgcat·rh). The alcohol products in the resulting biofuels were dominated by the C2+ alcohols (mainly C2-C6 alcohols) with a content of 73.55%-89.98%. The selectivity .of the liquid hydrocarbons (C5+) in the hydrocarbon products ranges from 60.37% to 70.94%. The synthesis biofuels also possess a higher heat value of 40.53-41.49 MJ/kg. The effects of the synthesis conditions, including temperature, pressure, and gas hourly space velocity, on the biofuel synthesis were investigated in detail. The catalyst features were characterized by inductively coupled plasma and atomic emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction, and the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms measurements. The present biofuel synthesis with a higher biofuel yield and a higher selectivity of liquid hydrocarbons and C2+ alcohols may be a potentially useful route to produce clean biofuels and chemicals from biomass. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMASS BIOFUEL Higher alcohol Liquid hydrocarbon FeCuZnA1K catalyst
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Kinetics study on biomass pyrolysis for fuel gas production 被引量:2
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作者 陈冠益 方梦祥 +3 位作者 ANDRIES,J. 骆仲泱 SPLIETHOFF,H. 岑可法 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 EI CSCD 2003年第4期441-447,共7页
Kinetic knowledge is of great importance in achieving good control of the pyrolysis and gasification process and optimising system design. An overall kinetic pyrolysis scheme is therefore addressed here. The ki-net... Kinetic knowledge is of great importance in achieving good control of the pyrolysis and gasification process and optimising system design. An overall kinetic pyrolysis scheme is therefore addressed here. The ki-netic modelling incorporates the following basic steps: the degradation of the virgin biomass materials into pri-mary products ( tar, gas and semi-char), the decomposition of primary tar into secondary products and the continuous interaction between primary gas and char. The last step is disregarded completely by models in the literature. Analysis and comparison of predicted results from different kinetic schemes and experimental data on our fixed bed pyrolyser yielded very positive evidence to support our kinetic scheme. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMASS PYROLYSIS Kinetic study Gas production
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Industry 5.0-The Relevance and Implications of Bionics and Synthetic Biology 被引量:6
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作者 Peter Sachsenmeier 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2016年第2期225-229,共5页
Bionics (the imitation or abstraction of the "inventions" of nature) and, to an even greater extent, syn- thetic biology, will be as relevant to engineering development and industry as the silicon chip was over th... Bionics (the imitation or abstraction of the "inventions" of nature) and, to an even greater extent, syn- thetic biology, will be as relevant to engineering development and industry as the silicon chip was over the last 50 years. Chemical industries already use so-called "white biotechnology" for new processes, new raw materials, and more sustainable use of resources. Synthetic biology is also used for the devel- opment of second-generation biofuels and for harvesting the sun's energy with the help of tailor-made microorganisms or biometrically designed catalysts. The market potential for bionics in medicine, en- gineering processes, and DNA storage is huge. "Moonshot" projects are already aggressively focusing on diseases and new materials, and a US-led competition is currently underway with the aim of creating a thousand new molecules. This article describes a timeline that starts with current projects and then moves on to code engineering projects and their implications, artificial DNA, signaling molecules, and biological circuitry. Beyond these projects, one of the next frontiers in bionics is the design of synthetic metabolisms that include artificial food chains and foods, and the bioengineering of raw materials; all of which will lead to new insights into biological principles. Bioengineering will be an innovation motor just as digitalization is today. This article discusses pertinent examples of bioengineering, particularly the use of alternative carbon-based biofuels and the techniques and perils of cell modification. Big data, analytics, and massive storage are important factors in this next frontier. Although synthetic biology will be as pervasive and transformative in the next 50 years as digitization and the Intemet are today, its ap- plications and impacts are still in nascent stages. This article provides a general taxonomy in which the development of bioengineering is classified in five stages (DNA analysis, bio-circuits, minimal genomes, protocells, xenobiology) from the familiar to the unknown, with implications for safety and security, in- dustrial development, and the development of bioengineering and biotechnology as an interdisciplinary field. Ethical issues and the importance of a public debate about the consequences of bionics and syn- thetic biology are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 BionicsSynthetic biologyBio-engineeringBiological sensorsBiofuelsBio weaponsVirtual evolutionProtocellsXeno cellsEconomic significanceIndustry 5.0GermanyChina
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Performance evaluation of a diesel engine by using producer gas from some under-utilized biomass on dual-fuel mode of diesel cum producer gas 被引量:1
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作者 D.K.Das S.P.Dash M.K.Ghosal 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第6期1583-1589,共7页
Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(f... Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(four stroke,single cylinder,5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency,specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel(dual fuel mode).Three types of biomass,i.e.wood chips,pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs were used for generation of producer gas.A producer gas system consisting of a downdraft gasifier,a cooling cum cleaning unit,a filtering unit and a gas air mixing device was designed,fabricated and used to power a 5.25 kW diesel engine on dual fuel mode.Performance of the engine was reported by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%,12%,16%,and 21%,engine speed as 1 600 r/min and with variable engine loads.The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode.The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60%-64% less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for the same amount of energy output.The average diesel substitution of 74% was observed with wood chips followed by corn cobs(78%) and pigeon pea stalks(82%).Based on the performance studied,the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as supplementary fuel for diesel conservation,particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm. 展开更多
关键词 biomass gasification producer gas downdraft gasifier diesel engine
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Electromotive Force for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Biomass Produced Gas as Fuel 被引量:2
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作者 Wei Zhu Yan-hong Yin +2 位作者 Cen Gao Chang-rong Xia Guang-yao Meng 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2006年第4期325-328,共4页
The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of solid oxide fuel cells using biomass produced gas (BPG) as the fuels is calculated at 700-1,200 K using an in-house computer program, based on thermodynamic equilibrium analysis... The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of solid oxide fuel cells using biomass produced gas (BPG) as the fuels is calculated at 700-1,200 K using an in-house computer program, based on thermodynamic equilibrium analysis. Tour program also predicts the concentration of oxygen in the fuel chamber as well as the concentration of equilibrium species such as H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. Compared with using hydrogen as a fuel, the e.m.f. for cells using BPG as the fuels is relative low and strongly influenced by carbon deposition. To remove carbon deposition, the optimum amount of H2O to add is determined at various operating temperatures. Further the e.m.f, for cells based on yttria stabilized zirconia and doped ceria as electrolytes are compared. The study reveals that when using BPG as fuel, the depression of e.m.f, for a SOFC using doped ceria as electrolyte is relatively small when compared with that using Yttria stabilized zirconia. 展开更多
关键词 Biomass produced gas Electromotive force Solid oxide fuel cells Thermodynamic equilibrium
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Highly efficient Nb2O5 catalyst for aldol condensation of biomass-derived carbonyl molecules to fuel precursors 被引量:3
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作者 Yaxuan Jing Yu Xin +2 位作者 Yong Guo Xiaohui Liu Yanqin Wang 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第8期1168-1177,共10页
Aldol condensation is of significant importance for the production of fuel precursors from biomass- derived chemicals and has received increasing attention. Here we report a Nb2O5 catalyst with excellent activity and ... Aldol condensation is of significant importance for the production of fuel precursors from biomass- derived chemicals and has received increasing attention. Here we report a Nb2O5 catalyst with excellent activity and stability in the aldol condensation of biomass-derived carbonyl molecules. It is found that in the aldol condensation of furfural with 4-heptanone, Nb2O5 has obviously superior activity, which is not only better than that of other common solid acid catalysts (ZrO2 and Al2O3), more importantly, but also better than that of solid base catalysts (MgO, CaO, and magnesium- aluminum hydrotalcite). The detailed characterizations by N2 sorption/desorption, NH3-TPD, Py-FTIR and DRIFTS study of acetone adsorption reveal that Nb2O5 has a strong ability to activate the C=O bond in carbonyl molecules, which helps to generate a metal enolate intermediate and undergo the nucleophilic addition to form a new C–C bond. Furthermore, the applicability of Nb2O5 to aldol condensation is extended to other biomass-derived carbonyl molecules and high yields of target fuel precursors are obtained. Finally, a multifunctional Pd/Nb2O5 catalyst is prepared and successfully used in the one-pot synthesis of liquid alkanes from biomass-derived carbonyl molecules by combining the aldol condensation with the sequential hydrodeoxygenation. 展开更多
关键词 Aldol condensation NB2O5 C=O activation Fuel precursor Bio-liquid alkane One-pot process
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Physical properties of solid fuel briquettes from bituminous coal waste and biomass 被引量:1
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作者 ZARRINGHALAM-MOGHADDAM A GHOLIPOUR-ZANJANI N DOROSTI S VAEZ M 《Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China)》 2011年第4期434-438,共5页
Biomass and bituminous coal fines from four different coalfields were used to produce fuel briquettes. Two physical properties of briquettes, water resistance index and compressive strength were analyzed. The influenc... Biomass and bituminous coal fines from four different coalfields were used to produce fuel briquettes. Two physical properties of briquettes, water resistance index and compressive strength were analyzed. The influence of type and quantity of biomass on physical properties was also studied. The results reveal that depending on the mineral content of the coal, the physical properties of the briquettes differ noticeably. The comparison of briquettes with and without biomass showed that the presence of the beet pulp increased CS in all types of coal samples. Samples containing beet pulp had better physical properties than sawdust. Mezino II coal briquettes had highest CS and WRI than the other ones. Calorific value of biomass/Mezino lI coal briquettes was lessened in comparison with raw coal, but it remained in an acceptable range. 展开更多
关键词 BIOMASS BRIQUETTING beet pulp SAWDUST
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Power production enhancement with polyaniline composite anode in benthic microbial fuel cells 被引量:1
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作者 JIA Yu-hong QI Zhen-lian YOU Hong 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第3期499-505,共7页
In this study,conductive polymer polyaniline(PANI)is employed to modify the anodes of benthic microbial fuel cells(BMFC).Four electrochemical methods are used to synthesize the polyaniline anodes;the results show that... In this study,conductive polymer polyaniline(PANI)is employed to modify the anodes of benthic microbial fuel cells(BMFC).Four electrochemical methods are used to synthesize the polyaniline anodes;the results show that the PANI modification,especially the pulse potential method for PANI synthesis could obviously improve the cell energy output and reduce the anode internal resistance.The anode is modified by PANI doped with Fe or Mn to further improve the BMFC performance.A maximum power density of 17.51 mW/m2 is obtained by PANI-Fe anode BMFC,which is 8.1 times higher than that of control.The PANI-Mn anode BMFC also gives a favorable maximum power density(16.78 mW/m2).Fe or Mn modification has better effect in improving the conductivity of polyaniline,thus improving the energy output of BMFCs.This work applying PANI composite anode into BMFC brings new development prospect and could promote the practical application of BMFC. 展开更多
关键词 benthic microbial fuel cell anode modification POLYANILINE high power output
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Optimization of Bacterial Doses and Incubation Time on Bio-Ehanol Fermentation of Nipah (Nypa fruticans) for Biofuel Energy
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作者 Wiludjeng Trisasiwi Ari Asnani Retna Setyawati 《Journal of Life Sciences》 2011年第12期1022-1029,共8页
Nipah (Nypafruticans) is a species of palm trees that grows in mangroves environment near the sea shore. Nipah is potential to produce biofuel energy. The purposes of this research were 1) to determine the optimum ... Nipah (Nypafruticans) is a species of palm trees that grows in mangroves environment near the sea shore. Nipah is potential to produce biofuel energy. The purposes of this research were 1) to determine the optimum bacterial concentration for fermentation to produce high concentration of bio-ethanol, and 2) to determine the optimum incubation time for fermentation to produce high concentration of bio-ethanol. The research had been conducted from June until November 2009 using nipah sap as the substrate and Saceharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentation starter. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD). Factors tested were starter concentration (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and incubation time (2, 4, 6 days). The variables observed were concentration of reducing sugar, total microorganism (CFU/mL), and bio-ethanol production. The results showed that the highest yield of bio-ethanol (8.98%) was produced with 7.5% of starter concentration and 6 days of incubation time. 展开更多
关键词 BIO-ETHANOL bacterial concentration incubation time Nypafruticans Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Fundamental study on iron ore sintering new process of flue gas recirculation together with using biochar as fuel 被引量:3
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作者 甘敏 范晓慧 +3 位作者 姜涛 陈许玲 余志元 季志云 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2014年第11期4109-4114,共6页
It is of great significance for cleaner production to substitute bio-energy for fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. However, with the replacement ratio increasing, the consistency of heat front and flame front is brok... It is of great significance for cleaner production to substitute bio-energy for fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. However, with the replacement ratio increasing, the consistency of heat front and flame front is broken, and the thermal utilizing efficiency of fuel is reduced, which results in the decrease of yield and tumble index of sinter. Circulating flue gas to sintering bed as biochar replacing 40% coke, CO in flue gas can be reused so as to increase the thermal utilizing efficiency of fuels, and the consistency of two fronts is recovered for the circulating flue gas containing certain CO2, H2 O and lower O2, which contributes to increasing the maximum temperature, extending the high temperature duration time of sintering bed, and results in improving the output and quality of sinter. In the condition of circulating 40% flue gas, the sintering with biomass fuels is strengthened, and the sintering indexes with biomass fuel replacing 40% coke breeze are comparative to those of using coke breeze completely. 展开更多
关键词 iron ore sintering biomass fuel flue gas recirculation
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Doha Round: The Environment and Agricultural and Biofuels Markets
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《Sociology Study》 2012年第2期107-119,共13页
The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. ... The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round. 展开更多
关键词 Doha Round agricultural world market LIBERALIZATION biofuels environment
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Ferroelectric solid solution Li1-xTa1-xWxO3 as potential photocatalysts in microbial fuel cells:Effect of the W content
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作者 Abdellah Benzaouak Nour-Eddine Touach +5 位作者 V.M.Ortiz-Martinez M.J.Salar-Garcia F.Hernandez-Fernandez A.P.de los Rios Mohammed El Mahi El Mostapha Lotfi 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第9期1985-1991,共7页
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are bio-electrochemical systems that can directly convert the chemical energy contained in an effluent into bioelectricity by the action of microorganisms.The performance of these devices is ... Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)are bio-electrochemical systems that can directly convert the chemical energy contained in an effluent into bioelectricity by the action of microorganisms.The performance of these devices is heavily impacted by the choice of the material that forms the cathode.This work focuses on the assessment of ferroelectric and photocatalytic materials as a new class of non-precious catalysts for MFC cathode construction.A series of cathodes based on mixed oxide solid solution of LiTaO_3with WO_3formulated as Li_(1-x)Ta_(1-x)W_xO_3(x=0,0.10,0.20 and0.25),were prepared and investigated in MFCs.The catalyst phases were synthesized,identified and characterized by DRX,PSD,MET and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy.The cathodes were tested as photoelectrocatalysts in the presence and in the absence of visible light in devices fed with industrial wastewater.The results revealed that the catalytic activity of the cathodes strongly depends on the ratio of substitution of W^(6+)in the LiTaO_3matrix.The maximum power densities generated by the MFC working with this series of cathodes increased from60.45 mW·m^(-3)for x=0.00(LiTaO_3)to 107.2 mW·m^(-3)for x=0.10,showing that insertion of W^(6+)in the tantalate matrix can improve the photocatalytic activity of this material.Moreover,MFCs operating under optimal conditions were capable of reducing the load of chemical oxygen demand by 79%(COD_(initial)=1030 mg·L^(-1)). 展开更多
关键词 Ferroelectric materials TANTALATE PHOTOCATHODE Microbial fuel cell BIOENERGY Wastewater treatment
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Optimization of dilute acid hydrolysis of Enteromorpha 被引量:1
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作者 冯大伟 刘海燕 +2 位作者 李富超 姜鹏 秦松 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第6期1243-1248,共6页
Acid hydrolysis is a simple and direct way to hydrolyze polysaccharides in biomass into fermentable sugars. To produce fermentable sugars effectively and economically for fuel ethanol, we have investigated the hydroly... Acid hydrolysis is a simple and direct way to hydrolyze polysaccharides in biomass into fermentable sugars. To produce fermentable sugars effectively and economically for fuel ethanol, we have investigated the hydrolysis of Enteromorpha using acids that are typically used to hydrolyze biomass: H2SO4, HC1, H3PO4 and C4H404 (maleic acid). 5%(w/w) Enteromorpha biomass was treated for different times (30, 60, and 90 min) and with different acid concentrations (0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2%, w/w) at 121~C. H2SO4 was the most effective acid in this experiment. We then analyzed the hydrolysis process in H2SO4 in detail using high performance liquid chromatography. At a sulfuric acid concentration of 1.8% and treatment time of 60 min, the yield of ethanol fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) was high, (230.5 mg/g dry biomass, comprising 175.2 mg/g glucose and 55.3 mg/g xylose), with 48.6% of total reducing sugars being ethanol fermentable. Therefore, Enteromorpha could be a good candidate for production of fuel ethanol. In future work, the effects of temperature and biomass concentration on hydrolysis, and also the fermentation of the hydrolysates to ethanol fuel should be focused on. 展开更多
关键词 ENTEROMORPHA acid hydrolysis ethanol fermentable sugars
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Biodiesel from Algae
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作者 Mladen Bosnjakovie 《Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation》 2013年第3期179-188,共10页
Fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their quantities have been reducing because of pumping. On the other hand, the traffic is still developing and needs for fuels are growing. As a consequence people are forced to loo... Fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their quantities have been reducing because of pumping. On the other hand, the traffic is still developing and needs for fuels are growing. As a consequence people are forced to look for other sources of getting fuel. Additional reason for this has been steadily boosting the prices of crude oil and gas. Diesel, as fuel that is often used, is possible to produce from different feedstock (oil rape, soybean, sunflower, palm, waste animal fats, algae, etc). In this paper, the author analyzes the possibility of obtaining biodiesel from algae and the feasibility of such a method of producing biodiesel. Algae for biodiesel production are analyzed and the systems in which they are growing are described. Experience in this area is described as well as opportunities for further development of technology for getting biodiesel from algae. Algae are very resistant and can grow virtually anywhere in the desert, in salt and fresh water and even in the waste water. Algae can reproduce quickly; they use C02 for photosynthesis and less water than other crops. Bio fuel from algae is biodegradable and contains no sulphur and it is not toxic. 展开更多
关键词 BIODIESEL ALGAE photobioreactor.
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Analysis of Solar Distillers for Obtaining Bio-fuel
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作者 Rocio Solar-Gonzalez Alejandra Velasco-Perez 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2013年第12期702-708,共7页
In this paper, a theoretical-economic study was carried out based on the operation and construction of different types of equipments that use solar energy to carry out the distillation process. The conclusions drawn f... In this paper, a theoretical-economic study was carried out based on the operation and construction of different types of equipments that use solar energy to carry out the distillation process. The conclusions drawn from the analysis aimed to determine what is necessary for the optimal design of an experimental distillation module that allows bioethanol with specific features to be obtained, for the area of Tehuantepec in Mexico. This study took the experiments carried out by various authors and extracted information relevant to the selection of the parameters and variables of the proposed distiller according to their efficiency and construction costs. 展开更多
关键词 DISTILLER ENERGY SOLAR bio-fuel.
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Review of Brazilian Activities Related to the Thorium Fuel Cycle and Production of Thorium Compounds at IPEN-CNEN/SP
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作者 Paulo Ernesto de Oliveira Lainetti Antonio Alves de Freitas Ana Copat Mindrisz 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第12期1983-1990,共8页
The Brazilian's interest in the nuclear utilization of thorium has started in the 1950s as a consequence of the abundant occurrence ofmonazite sands. Since the 1960s, IPEN-CNEN/SP (lnstituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas... The Brazilian's interest in the nuclear utilization of thorium has started in the 1950s as a consequence of the abundant occurrence ofmonazite sands. Since the 1960s, IPEN-CNEN/SP (lnstituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares) has performed some developments related to the thorium fuel cycle. The production and purification of thorium compounds was carried out at IPEN for about 18 years and the main product was the thorium nitrate with high purity, having been produced over 170 metric tons of this material in the period, obtained through solvent extraction. The thorium nitrate was supplied to the domestic industry and used for gas portable lamps (Welsbach mantle). Although the thorium compounds produced have not been employed in the nuclear area, several studies were conducted. Therefore, those activities and the accumulated experience are of strategic importance, on one hand, due to huge Brazilian thorium reserves, on the other hand, by the resurgence of the interest of thorium for the Generation IV advanced reactors. This paper presents a review of the Brazilian research and development activities related to thorium technology. 展开更多
关键词 THORIUM COMPOUNDS PURIFICATION processes.
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Challenges of Tomorrowm——Fire Hazards of Systems Using Renewable Sources of Energy
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作者 Milos Banjac Barbara Vidakovic 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第6期1030-1037,共8页
Dramatic climate change, caused by over consumption of coal, oil and other traditional energy sources, as well as exhaustion of their reserves, imposed technological need to look for their substitution with new, renew... Dramatic climate change, caused by over consumption of coal, oil and other traditional energy sources, as well as exhaustion of their reserves, imposed technological need to look for their substitution with new, renewable energy sources. The exploitation of these new forms of energy, solar, wind, earth and bio-fuels, initiated the development and application of new technologies, so far unused in practice. Rapid development and wide application of installations for use of renewable energy in many households and companies opened a whole new risk and danger in the fire protection field. With the purpose of introducing this problem to engineers in the area of fire protection, health and safety at work, this paper systematically presents various types of facilities for exploitation of renewable energy sources as well as potential dangers, risks and issues related to their safe operation. 展开更多
关键词 Fire hazard renewable energy sources risk assessment protection.
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