Based on research conducted by the author in the last thirty-five years, this article presents the physicochemical mechanisms of the osteoporosis process, transport of substances created as its result, and the phenome...Based on research conducted by the author in the last thirty-five years, this article presents the physicochemical mechanisms of the osteoporosis process, transport of substances created as its result, and the phenomena of tissue mineralization resulting from osteoporosis. Examination of bones, joint cartilage, arteries, veins, parts of heart, thyroid, salivary glands, various tumors and others was conducted with the use of biological and polarizing microscopy, SEM, EDS, ASA, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Several devices of the same kind, e.g. different types of SEM, were used. Specimens used for examination were obtained from post-surgery and post rnortem materials. Examination of human bones focused on their mineralization and demineralization （osteoporosis）. Examination of the mineralization of other tissues was conducted in terms of the ageing of human body. Obtained results show that the process of osteoporosis leads not just to mechanical degradation of bones, but through the transport of ions （mainly Ca and P）, it also causes mineralization of soft tissue. Such mineralization occurs in mineralization centers that have been classified in regard to genetics. Tissue mineralization in its first stage is latent and consists of including atoms, mainly Ca and P, into the biological structures of compounds that build the tissues. Latent mineralization may evolve into the next stage--apparent mineralization. Both types of mineralization cause many health issues and may lead to death. This article also presents initial results of research on dissolution of aortic mineralization.展开更多
Elucidating protein translational regulation is crucial for understanding cellular function and drug development.A key molecule in protein translation is ribosome,which is a super-molecular complex extensively studied...Elucidating protein translational regulation is crucial for understanding cellular function and drug development.A key molecule in protein translation is ribosome,which is a super-molecular complex extensively studied for more than a half century.The structure and dynamics of ribosome complexes were resolved recently thanks to the development of X-ray crystallography,Cryo-EM,and single molecule biophysics.Current studies of the ribosome have shown multiple functional states,each with a unique conformation.In this study,we analyzed the RNA-protein distances of ribosome(2.5 MDa)complexes and compared these changes among different ribosome complexes.We found that the RNA-protein distance is significantly correlated with the ribosomal functional state.Thus,the analysis of RNA-protein binding distances at important functional sites can distinguish ribosomal functional states and help understand ribosome functions.In particular,the mechanism of translational attenuation by nascent peptides and antibiotics was revealed by the conformational changes of local functional sites.展开更多
文摘Based on research conducted by the author in the last thirty-five years, this article presents the physicochemical mechanisms of the osteoporosis process, transport of substances created as its result, and the phenomena of tissue mineralization resulting from osteoporosis. Examination of bones, joint cartilage, arteries, veins, parts of heart, thyroid, salivary glands, various tumors and others was conducted with the use of biological and polarizing microscopy, SEM, EDS, ASA, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Several devices of the same kind, e.g. different types of SEM, were used. Specimens used for examination were obtained from post-surgery and post rnortem materials. Examination of human bones focused on their mineralization and demineralization （osteoporosis）. Examination of the mineralization of other tissues was conducted in terms of the ageing of human body. Obtained results show that the process of osteoporosis leads not just to mechanical degradation of bones, but through the transport of ions （mainly Ca and P）, it also causes mineralization of soft tissue. Such mineralization occurs in mineralization centers that have been classified in regard to genetics. Tissue mineralization in its first stage is latent and consists of including atoms, mainly Ca and P, into the biological structures of compounds that build the tissues. Latent mineralization may evolve into the next stage--apparent mineralization. Both types of mineralization cause many health issues and may lead to death. This article also presents initial results of research on dissolution of aortic mineralization.
基金partially supported by National Institute of Health(R21/R33-GM078601 and R01-GM100701)National Science Foundation(MCB-1151343)in the US
文摘Elucidating protein translational regulation is crucial for understanding cellular function and drug development.A key molecule in protein translation is ribosome,which is a super-molecular complex extensively studied for more than a half century.The structure and dynamics of ribosome complexes were resolved recently thanks to the development of X-ray crystallography,Cryo-EM,and single molecule biophysics.Current studies of the ribosome have shown multiple functional states,each with a unique conformation.In this study,we analyzed the RNA-protein distances of ribosome(2.5 MDa)complexes and compared these changes among different ribosome complexes.We found that the RNA-protein distance is significantly correlated with the ribosomal functional state.Thus,the analysis of RNA-protein binding distances at important functional sites can distinguish ribosomal functional states and help understand ribosome functions.In particular,the mechanism of translational attenuation by nascent peptides and antibiotics was revealed by the conformational changes of local functional sites.
