医学院校生物科学专业遗传学教学内容的研究

目的探索医学院校生物科学专业遗传学教学内容与相关基础及临床课程教学内容的关系,确定遗传学教学内容的取舍和教学顺序。方法选取我系四届本科学生作为研究对象,借助学生问卷调查、用人单位问卷调查、召开专家座谈会和相关课程负责人座谈会确定遗传学教学内容取舍和安排顺序,并通过修改教学大纲和编写教学计划等程序在教学过程中实施。结果确定了生物科学专业普通遗传学、医学遗传学、细胞遗传学和分子遗传学的教学内容,协调了遗传学与相关基础医学及临床医学课程间的关系。结论遗传学教学要面向社会需求,在加强基础原理教学的同时,加大细胞和分子遗传学实验技术和技能的培养。

高中生物教学中学生生物科学素养的提升

随着教育事业的深化改革,新课标的大力开展,生物课程的主要目标已经不仅是提高学生的成绩这么简单了,提升学生的生物科学素养也成为了学习生物的重点目标之一。这就要求高中生物老师通过自己的方式努力提升学生的生物科学素养,促进学生的多方面发展。以下就是本人对于在高中生物教学中,如何提升学生生物科学素养的研究分析。

In vitro Acute Cytotoxicity of Abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder Paralichthy olivaceus

The cytotoxicity of abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder （FG cell line） was examined in this study. It was found that the exposure of FG cells to abamectin caused the decreases of both cell growth rate and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the increase of intracellular 02 content. It was proposed that the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in FG cells caused the accumulation of 02 content in FG cells, leading to the change of cell morphology and even the death of cells. The results showed that FG cell line is suitable for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of abamectin.

Ecology, Biology and Biometry of an Endemic Fabaceae： Genista Saharae Cosson and Durieu

Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu, endemic Saharan Africa, is a spontaneous fabaceae dunes south of M＇sila （Algeria）. Perfectly adapted to arid and sandy soils, this species is a remarkable plant for dune fixation and thus fights against desertification. The objective of this study is to provide local species to various development programs of steppe ecological systems in nature and therefore ensure the rehabilitation of these species while considering the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of biological resources steppe. After a field survey and stratified sampling, the methodological approach has taken into account three types of analysis： a biometric analysis of a population of 100 individuals of this species, the second analysis on its biology at last an analysis of an ecological factor dealing with the accuracy governing the distribution of this species in Maiter Oued in the south of M＇sila. The results have clarified the ecology of this species to better understand its biology and to develop statistically a diagnosis on the phenology and morphology of various organs （pods, seeds, leaves） of Genista saharae Cosson and Durieu.

Learning Retention in Undergraduate Biology Using a Hands-on Practical ＂Enzyme Detection from Vegetables and Fruits＂

The purpose of this research was to study learning retention in undergraduate biology students on the topic of enzyme properties by using simple enzyme activity from vegetables and fruits. A hands-on practical was developed to simplify detection of enzyme activity of amylase, protease and lipase on starch agar, dry whole milk agar, and trihutyrin agar, respectively. The subjects of the study were 24 senior undergraduates who studied in the Program of General Science, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, in three semesters during 2007 - 2008. The basic concepts of enzymes, e.g., substrate specificity, how to detect enzymes and optimal enzyme conditions, were taught before the practical. The first enzyme, protease, was used in the second semester of 2007, and then changed to be lipase and protease in the first and second semesters of 2008, respectively. Ten open-ended questions were used to assess students in all semesters. In agreement with the constructivist learning model, it was demonstrated that students had learning retention and applied their prior knowledge to other enzyme experiments.

"Artificial Sperms" Induced from Mice Oocytes

On Nov 17th,a team of researchers from the Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology（SIBCB）,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,CAS led by Prof.LI Jinsong reports online in Cell Research a novel technique to induce from mice oocytes haploid embryonic stems cells（haESCs）that can fully replace the reproductive functions of sperms,greatly simplifying the otherwise complicated techniques to produce such stem cells and semi-cloned（SC）mice.It is anticipated that this will further facilitate research in the field of stem cells and embryonic development;

Microbial Community and Urban Water Quality

Urbanization of China is substantial and growing, and water resources are crucial for both economic and social sustainable development. Unfortunately, the frequency and intensity of water contamination events are increasing at an unprecedented rate and often accompanied by increased pollutant loading due to human activities such as irreversible industrialization and urbanization. The impacts of human pollution are most evident and of greatest concern at the microbial level. The research of the Aquatic Ecohealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been focusing mainly on aquatic microorganisms in the urban environment, from drinking water and landscape water to waste water. Its projects fall into three categories: biomonitoring and bioassessment, microbial ecology and diversity, ecotoxicology and environmental microbiology. Its scientif ic topics include the aquatic ecological safety and microbial food web.

Progress and perspective on frontiers of geobiology

Geobiology is a new discipline on the crossing interface between earth science and life science, and aims to understand the in- teraction and co-evolution between organisms and environments. On the basis of the latest international achievements, the new data presented in the Beijing geobiology forum sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2013, and the papers in this special issue, here we present an overview of the progress and perspectives on three important frontiers, including geobiology of the critical periods in Earth history, geomicrobes and their responses and feedbacks to global environmental changes, and geobiology in extreme environments. Knowledge is greatly improved about the close relationship of some significant biotic events such as origin, radiation, extinction, and recovery of organisms with the deep Earth processes and the resultant envi- ronmental processes among oceans, land, and atmosphere in the critical periods, although the specific dynamics of the co-evolution between ancient life and paleoenvironments is still largely unknown. A variety of geomicrobial functional groups were found to respond sensitively to paleoenvironmental changes, which enable the establishment of proxies for paleoenvi- ronmental reconstruction, and to play active roles on the Earth environmental changes via elemental biogeochemical cycles and mineral bio-transforrnations, but to be deciphered are the mechanisms of these functional groups that change paleoenvi- ronmental conditions. Microbes of potential geobiology significance were found and isolated from some extreme environments with their biological properties partly understood, but little is known about their geobiological functions to change Earth envi- ronments. The biotic processes to alter or modify the environments are thus proposed to be the very issue geobiology aims to decipher in the future. Geobiology will greatly extend the temporal and spatial scope of biotic research on Earth and beyond. It has great potential of application in the domains of resource exploration and global change. To achieve these aims needs coor- dinative multidisciplinary studies concerning geomicrobiology and related themes, database and modeling of biogeochemical cycles, typical geological environments, and coupling of biological, physical, and chemical processes.

Plant non-coding RNAs and epigenetics

Epigenetics plays a large role in various aspects of plant biology,including development,response to biotic and abiotic stresses,silencing of transposable elements,and maintenance of genome stability.In plants,epigenetic regulation involves histone and DNA modifications and noncoding RNAs including small RNAs（s RNAs）and long noncoding RNAs（lnc RNAs）.This issue of Science China Life Sciences includes five review articles and eight research

Rapid development of proteomics in China: from the perspective of the Human Liver Proteome Project and technology development

Proteomics focuses on the systematic identification and quantification of entire proteomes and interpretation of proteins’biological functions.During the last decade,proteomics in China has grown much faster than other research fields in life sciences.At the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century,the rapid development of high-resolution and high-speed mass spectrometry makes proteomics a powerful tool to study the mechanisms underlying physiological/pathological processes in organisms.This article provides a brief overview of proteomics technology development and representative scientific progress of the Human Liver Proteome Project in China over the past three years.

Lifeomics leads the age of grand discoveries

When our knowledge of a field accumulates to a certain level,we are bound to see the rise of one or more great scientists.They will make a series of grand discoveries/breakthroughs and push the discipline into an 'age of grand discoveries'.Mathematics,geography,physics and chemistry have all experienced their ages of grand discoveries;and in life sciences,the age of grand discoveries has appeared countless times since the 16th century.Thanks to the ever-changing development of molecular biology over the past 50 years,contemporary life science is once again approaching its breaking point and the trigger for this is most likely to be 'lifeomics'.At the end of the 20th century,genomics wrote out the 'script of life';proteomics decoded the script;and RNAomics,glycomics and metabolomics came into bloom.These 'omics',with their unique epistemology and methodology,quickly became the thrust of life sciences,pushing the discipline to new high.Lifeomics,which encompasses all omics,has taken shape and is now signalling the dawn of a new era,the age of grand discoveries.

A key link between jasmonic acid signaling and auxin biosynthesis

A research team led by Xiang Cheng Bin from School of Life Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China discovered a molecular basis for crosstalk between jasmonic acid（JA）and auxin,two important plant hormones.Their findings were published in a recent issue of Nature Communication[1].Auxin is the plant growth hormone that plays an essential

Binary sequences-based approach for construction of evolutionary network

Evolutionary studies have been of prime importance to life scientists since ancient times. The advancements in technology has made it possible to make available the massive amounts of genomic data. The abundance of genomic data poses new challenges for biologists, computer scientists and mathematicians to develop approaches for discovery of new relationships in data and evolutionary networks. In this work, nucleotide sequences are converted into binary sequences to explore the network among different species. A new approach based on binary sequences has been proposed to reconstruct the accurate phylogenetic network. The algorithm developed is validated by comparing the results with those obtained by already existing method of network construction. A program is also coded in C language on the Intel Core i3 Dell inspiron machine to obtain the evolutionary network. The new approach developed also provides the fast solutions as there is no need of aligning the sequences.