多孔复相磷酸钙陶瓷骨诱导早期生物组织学的电镜研究

作者将多孔复相磷酸钙陶瓷种植体植入于狗肌内，通过对早期阶段种植体内外及其肌界面组织学的研究，并利用光镜和电镜对该阶段不同时期种植体内外细胞的生长、分化现象进行了观察．结果表明：在一定的条件下，磷酸钙陶瓷不仅具有骨传导能力。

稻飞虱酵母类胞内共生菌的组织学研究进展

褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens体内酵母类共生菌在褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖中起着重要作用,并影响着褐飞虱对寄主植物的致害性变异。该文系统总结了国内外已有的研究成果,讨论了褐飞虱共生菌的分类地位、形态特征、在寄主发育中的功能、侵染途径等,提出了开展褐飞虱生物型形成过程中体内共生菌变异的研究建议,以便利用共生菌来监测田间不同生物型褐飞虱的发生情况,最终实现控菌防虫和对不同生物型的准确预测。

人体组织学

0043440 四个人种群中身体脂肪和年龄的相关性/Mott J W//Am J Clin Nutr.-1999,69(5).-1007～1013 医科情0043441 培养软骨细胞的能量代谢对张力负重的影响/Toyoda T//Clin Orthop.-1999,(359).-221～228 医科情0043442 在培养的大鼠肝星形细胞中可溶性 Arg-Gly-Asp 肽可减少胶原蛋白的积聚/Iwamoto H//Dig Dis Sci.-1999,44(5).-1038～1045 医科情0043443 哺乳动物细胞系中未被活化的钾通道(Kv4.3)的功能性表达/Franqueza L//Cardiovasc Res.-1999,4l(1).-212～219

Research Progress on MEF2B Gene in Human and Animals

Myocyte enhancer factor 2B （MEF2B） gene belongs to myocyte enhancer factor 2 （MEF2） gene family. They are all widely expressed in muscle and nerve tissues of human and animals. MEF2B plays an important role in the growth of muscle, development and differentiation of nerve system and liver fibrosis. This re- view mainly focused on the structural characteristics, tissue distribution, biological functions and research progress of MEF2B gene in human and animals.

Identification of a Novel snoRNA Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana L.

[ Objective] To identify a novel snoRNA gene in Arabidopsis thalianan. [ Method ] Genome sequence of Arabidopsis thalianan was screened by using bioinformatics methods, and the sequence structure, organization form and function of typical candidate gene were analyzed. [ Result] The identified snR95 box H/ACA snoRNA had conservative component and structural features of box C/D snoRNA family, possessed two more than 10 nt long rRNA antisense elements. The result revealed that the novel snoRNA is a partial counterpart of the rice Z270, named box C/D snoRNA -AthZ270. [ Conclusion ] Z270 snoRNA in Arabidopsis thalianan has different function with common snoRNA.

Microstructure and properties of biodegradable β-TCP reinforced Mg-Zn-Zr composites

Magnesium alloys have good biocompatibility, but their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance may not be satisfied for using as degradable materials within bone due to its high corrosion rate in the physiological environment. Nano β-TCP particles were added into Mg-Zn-Zr alloy to improve its microstructure and the properties. As-extruded Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr alloy and Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr/xβ-TCP （x=0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%） composites were respectively fabricated. The grains of Mg-Zn-Zr/β-TCP composites were significantly refined. The results of the tensile tests indicate that the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of composites were improved with the addition of β-TCP. The electrochemical test result in simulation body fluid shows that the corrosion resistance of the composites was strongly enhanced comparing with that of the alloy. The corrosion potential of Mg-3Zn0.8-Zr/1.0β-TCP composite is 1.547 V and its corrosion current density is 1.20×10 6 A/cm 2 .

Peripheral nerve regeneration and intraneural revascularization

Peripheral nerves are particularly vulnerable to injuries and are involved in numerous pathologies for which specific treatments are lacking. This review summarizes the pathophysiological features of the most common traumatic nerve injury in humans and the different animal models used in nerve regeneration studies. ~Ihe current knowledge concerning Wallerian degeneration and nerve regrowth is then described. Finally, the involvement of intraneural vascularization in these processes is addressed. As intraneural vascularization has been poorly studied, histological experiments were carried out from rat sciatic nerves damaged by a glycerol injection. The results, taken together with the data from literature, suggest that revascularization plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and must therefore be studied more carefully.

A Review on the 3D Printing of Functional Structures for Medical Phantoms and Regenerated Tissue and Organ Applications

Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.

A Monte Carlo Model of Light Propagation in Nontransparent Tissue

To sharpen the imaging of structures, it is vital to develop a convenient and efficient quantitative algorithm of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) sampling. In this paper a new Monte Carlo model is set up and how light propagates in bio-tissue is analyzed in virtue of mathematics and physics equations. The relations,in which light intensity of Class 1 and Class 2 light with different wavelengths changes with their permeation depth,and in which Class 1 light intensity (signal light intensity) changes with the probing depth, and in which angularly resolved diffuse reflectance and diffuse transmittance change with the exiting angle, are studied. The results show that Monte Carlo simulation results are consistent with the theory data.

Effect of thermo-mechanical processing on microstructure and electrochemical behavior of Ti-Nb-Zr-V new metastable β titanium biomedical alloy

The influence of thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) on the microstructure and the electrochemical behavior of new metastableβ alloy Ti?20.6Nb?13.6Zr?0.5V (TNZV) was investigated. The TMP included hot working in belowβ transus, solution heat treatments at the same temperature and different cooling rates in addition to aging. Depending upon the TMP conditions, a wide range of microstructures with varying spatial distributions and morphologies of equiaxed/elongatedα andβ phases were attained, allowing for a wide range of electrochemical properties to be achieved. The corrosion behavior of the studied alloy was evaluated in a Ringer’s solution at 37 °C via open circuit potential?time and potentiodynamic polarization measurements.

SPARCL1, Shp2, MSH2, E-cadherin, p53, ADCY-2 and MAPK are prognosis-related in colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression of markers that are correlated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-six CRC patientswere followed up for more than 3 years after radical surgery. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed to detect the expression of 14 pathway-related markers (p53, APC, p21ras, E-cadherin, endothelin-B receptor, Shp2, ADCY-2, SPARCL1, neuroligin1, hsp27, mmp-9, MAPK, MSH2 and rho) in specimens from these patients. Bioinformatics analysis involving a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to determine the best prognostic model from combinations of these markers. RESULTS: Seven markers (SPARCL1, Shp2, MSH2, E-cadherin, p53, ADCY-2 and MAPK) were significantly related to the prognosis and clinical pathological features of the CRC patients (P < 0.05). Prognostic models were established through SVM from combinations of these 7 markers and proved able to differentiate patients with dissimilar survival, especially in stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ patients. According to the best prognostic model, the p53/SPARCL1 model, patients having high p53 and low SPARCL1 expression had about 50% lower 3-year survival than others (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: SPARCL1, Shp2, MSH2, E-cadherin, p53, ADCY-2 and MAPK are potential prognostic markers in CRC. A p53/SPARCL1 bioinformatics model may be used as a supplement to tumor-nodes-metastasis staging.

MIRE: A GRAPHICAL R PACKAGE FOR MICRORNARELATED ANALYSIS

Objective To provide a set of useful analysis tools for the researchers to explore the microRNA data. Methods The R language was used for generating the Graphical Users Interface and implementing most functions. Some Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) scripts were used for parsing source files. Results We developed a graphical R package named miRE, which was designated for the analysis of microRNA functions, genomic organization, etc. This package provided effective and convenient tools for molecular biologists to deal with routine analyses in microRNA-related research. With its help, the users would be able to build a desktop- centered microRNA research environment quite easily and effectively. miRE is freely available at http://www. biosino.org/~kanghu/WorkPresentation/miRE/miRE.html. A detailed user manual and tutorials with example code and image are also available. Conclusion miRE is a tool providing an open-source, user-friendly, integrated interface for microRNA-related analysis. With its help, researchers can perform microRNA-related analysis more efficiently.

Microstructure,anticorrosion,biocompatibility and antibacterial activities of extruded Mg−Zn−Mn strengthened with Ca

To find suitable biodegradable materials for implant applications,Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−xCa(x=0,0.2 and 0.5,wt.%)alloys were prepared by semi-continuous casting followed by hot-extrusion technique.The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−xCa alloys were investigated using the optical microscope,scanning electron microscope and tensile testing.Results indicated that minor Ca addition can slightly refine grains of the extruded Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn alloy and improve its strength.When 0.2 wt.%and 0.5 wt.%Ca were added,the grain sizes of the as-extruded alloys were refined from 4.8 to 4.6 and 4.2μm,respectively.Of the three alloys studied,the alloy with 0.5 wt.%Ca exhibits better combined mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 334 MPa and 20.3%.The corrosion behaviour,cell viability and antibacterial activities of alloys studied were also evaluated.Increasing Ca content deteriorates the corrosion resistance of alloys due to the increase of amount of effective cathodic sites caused by the formation of more Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases.Cytotoxicity evaluation with L929 cells shows higher cell viability of the Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−0.5Ca alloy compared to Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn and Mg−6Zn−0.3Mn−0.2Ca alloys.The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus is enhanced with increasing the Ca content due to its physicochemical and biological performance in bone repairing process.

The expression of Elf-1 and Ki-67 and their correlations in non-small-cell lung cancer

Objective: Elf-1 is a member of the proto-oncogenes Ets-related transcription factor family and over-expressed in many human tumors, Ki-67 is an important nuclear antigen associated with cell proliferation. This study investigated the expression of Elf-1 and Ki-67 in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and studied their correlation with the clinicopathological features. Methods: Tissue microarray from 64 cases lung cancer tissue and 10 cases normal lung tissue was constructed, immunohistochemical method was used to evaluate the protein expressions of Elf-1 and Ki-67, correlations of the expression of Elf-1 and Ki-67 to clinicopathological features of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Expression of Elf-1 and Ki-67 in NSCLC tissues were significantly higher than in normal lung tissues(P < 0.05), the positive rate of Elf-1 and Ki-67 was 73.44% and 64.06% in NSCLC group, Overexpression of Elf-1 in NSCLC was significantly related to histopathological grading, different clinical staging and the intensity of ELF-1 expression was significantly higher in the group with lymph node metastasis than that without(P < 0.05). Overexpression of Ki-67 was also closely related to tumor differentiation, clinical stages and lymph node metastasis(P < 0.05). In addition positive correlation was found between the expressive intensity of Elf-1 and Ki-67(τ = 0.295, P = 0.018). Conclusion: The high expression and positive correlation of Elf-1 and Ki-67 in NSCLC suggest that they probably play a role in onset and progression of lung cancer, united detecting their expression could be used as an valuable molecular biological index for predicting the malignant behavior and early diagnosis of NSCLC.

Leptin: a multifunctional hormone

Leptin is the protein product encoded by the obese (ob)gene. It is a circulating hormone produced primarily by the adipose tissue. ob/ob mice with mutations of the gene encoding leptin become morbidly obese, infertile, hyperphagic, hypothermic,and diabetic. Since the cloning of leptin in 1994, our knowledge in body weight regulation and the role played by leptin has increased substantially. We now know that leptin signals through its receptor, OB-R, which is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Leptin serves as an adiposity signal to inform the brain the adipose tissue mass in a negative feedback loop regulating food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin also plays important roles in angiogenesis, immune function, fertility and bone formation. Humans with mutations in the gene encoding leptin are also morbidly obese and respond to leptin treatment,demonstrating that enhancing or inhibiting leptin’s activities in vivo may have potential therapeutic benefits.

Glutamine depletion induces murine neonatal melena with increased apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium

AIM:To investigate the possible biological outcome and effect of glutamine depletion in neonatal mice and rodent intestinal epithelial cells.METHODS:We developed three kinds of artificial milk with different amounts of glutamine;Complete amino acid milk (CAM),which is based on maternal mouse milk,glutamine-depleted milk (GDM),and glutaminerich milk (GRM).GRM contains three-fold more glutamine than CAM.Eighty-seven newborn mice were divided into three groups and were fed with either of CAM,GDM,or GRM via a recently improved nipple-bottle system for seven days.After the feeding period,the mice were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic observations by immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 as markers of cell proliferation,and for cleaved-caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis.Moreover,IEC6 rat intestinal epithelial cells were cultured in different concentrations of glutamine and were subject to a 4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate cell proliferation assay,flow cytometry,and western blotting to examine the biological effect of glutamine on cell growth and apoptosis.RESULTS:During the feeding period,we found colonic hemorrhage in six of 28 GDM-fed mice (21.4%),but not in the GRM-fed mice,with no differences in body weight gain between each group.Microscopic examination showed destruction of microvilli and the disappearance of glycocalyx of the intestinal wall in the colon epithelial tissues taken from GDM-fed mice.Intake of GDM reduced BrdU incorporation (the average percentage of BrdU-positive staining;GRM:13.8%,CAM:10.7%,GDM:1.14%,GRM vs GDM:P < 0.001,CAM vs GDM:P < 0.001) and Ki-67 labeling index (the average percentage of Ki67-positive staining;GRM:24.5%,CAM:22.4% GDM:19.4%,GRM vs GDM:P=0.001,CAM vs GDM:P =0.049),suggesting that glutamine depletion inhibited cell proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells.Glutamine deprivation further caused the deformation of the nuclear membrane and the plasma membrane,accompanied by chromatin degeneration and an absence of fat droplets from the colonic epithelia,indicating that the cells underwent apoptosis.Moreover,immunohistochemical analysis revealed the appearance of cleaved caspase-3 in colonic epithelial cells of GDM-fed mice.Finally,when IEC6 rat intestinal epithelial cells were cultured without glutamine,cell proliferation was significantly suppressed after 24 h (relative cell growth;4 mmol/L:100.0% ± 36.1%,0 mmol/L:25.3% ± 25.0%,P < 0.05),with severe cellular damage.The cells underwent apoptosis,accompanied by increased cell population in sub-G0 phase (4 mmol/L:1.68%,0.4 mmol/L:1.35%,0 mmol/L:5.21%),where dying cells are supposed to accumulate.CONCLUSION:Glutamine is an important alimentary component for the maintenance of intestinal mucosa.Glutamine deprivation can cause instability of the intestinal epithelial alignment by increased apoptosis.

Construction of mTNFR1shRNA Plasmid and its Biological Effects on MHV-3 Induced Fulminant Hepatitis in BALB/cJ Mice

Previous study on TNFRl-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis has been implicated in the development of fulminant viral hepatitis. To interfere with the potentially effective target, plasmid named p-mTNFRlshRNA complimentary to the sequence responsible for mTNFR1 was also constructed and further confirmed by sequence analysis. To investigate the effect of mTNFRlshRNA plasmid on mTNFR1 expression in vivo and the disease progress in MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis mice model. By hydrodynamic injection of mTNFRlshRNA plasmid, the survival rate of mice, hepatic pathological change were examined and compared between mice with/without mTNFRlshRNA plasmid intervention. The expression of mTNFR1 was detected by Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry staining. The mTNFRlshRNA plasmid significantly reduced mTNFR1 expression in vivo, markedly ameliorates inflammatory infiltration, prolonged the survival time period and elevated the survival rate from 0 up to 13.3% in Balb/cJ mice with MHV-3 induced fulminant hepatitis. This study was designed to explore the opportunity of RNA interference technique in inhibiting TNFR1 expression, which has been reported to be involved in the development of a variety of diseases including fulminant viral hepatitis and severe chronic hepatitis B.

Histological Study on the Skin of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Histological development of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus larval skin and ultrastructural difference of skin between reared normal and malpigmented Japanese flounder were studied with light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the skin develops slowly before the metamorphosis, while at the onset of metamorphosis, the skin develops quickly and becomes complete in structure till about 50 d after being hatched. Ultrastructural observation on the normal and malpigmented skins shows that the iridophore and melanophore are adjacent to each other. Profile and structure of the two kinds of pigment cells are more complete in the skin of normal ocular side than in the skin of pigmented blind side. The ultrastructure of typical chloride cell was observed in the skin of Japanese flounder larvae for the first time.

Effects of cold deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O alloy for biomedical applications

The Ti-35Nb-2Zr-0.3O(mass fraction,%)alloy was melted under a high-purity argon atmosphere in a high vacuumnon-consumable arc melting furnace,followed by cold deformation.The effects of cold deformation process on microstructure andmechanical properties were investigated using the OM,XRD,TEM,Vicker hardness tester and universal material testing machine.Results indicated that the alloy showed multiple plastic deformation mechanisms,including stress-inducedα'martensite(SIMα')transformation,dislocation slipping and deformation twins.With the increase of cold deformation reduction,the tensile strength andhardness increased owing to the increase of dislocation density and grain refinement,and the elastic modulus slightly increasedowing to the increase of SIMα'phase.The90%cold deformed alloy exhibited a great potential to become a new candidate forbiomedical applications since it possessed low elastic modulus(56.2GPa),high tensile strength(1260MPa)and highstrength-to-modulus ratio(22.4×10-3),which are superior than those of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.