To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structureof wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresiswas performed on 45 individuals collected in...To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structureof wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresiswas performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymesin 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The resultsshowed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes(AAT, ADH, EST, OPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues(eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes areencoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are polymorphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1~*, GPI-2~*,G3PDH~*, IDHP-1~*, LDH~*, MPI~*, PGM-1~*. PGM-2~* and SDH~*, and the proportion of polymorphic lociis 0.4500 (P_(0.99)) ? The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.0278and 0.0265, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.0675.展开更多
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and show remarkable tissue specificity.miRNAs are approximately 22 nt non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression...MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and show remarkable tissue specificity.miRNAs are approximately 22 nt non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via translational inhibition or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, thus affecting various cellular processes.Since the discovery of their fundamental mechanisms of action, the field of miRNAs has opened a new era in the understanding of small noncoding RNAs.Recent evidence has shown that miRNA controls cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormalities in gene structure and expression, moreover, miRNA expression correlates with cancers and could have a crucial function in tumor progression.Bioinformatic data indicate that each miRNA can control hundreds of target genes, but identification of the accurate miRNA targets will be crucial to exploit the emerging knowledge of miRNA contribution to cancer process.展开更多
To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposu...To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.展开更多
The nature of brain interstitial fluid （ISF） has long been a subject of controversy. Most of the previous studies on brain ISF were carded out in vitro. In the present study, a novel method was developed to characte...The nature of brain interstitial fluid （ISF） has long been a subject of controversy. Most of the previous studies on brain ISF were carded out in vitro. In the present study, a novel method was developed to characterize ISF in the living rat brain by magnetic resonance （MR） imaging using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid （Gd-DTPA） as a tracer. Sprague Dawley rats （n=8） were subjected to MR scanning before and after the introduction of Gd-DTPA into the caudate nucleus. A one-way drainage of brain ISF was demonstrated on the dynamic MR images. According to the traditional diffusion model, the diffusion and clearance rate constants of the tracer within brain extracellular space （ECS） were derived as （3.38±1.07）×10^-4 mm2 s^-1 and （7.60±4.18）×10^-5 s^-1. Both diffusion and bulk flow contributed to the drainage of ISF from the caudate nucleus, which demonstrated an ISF-cerebrospinal fluid confluence in the subarachnoid space at the lateral and ventral surface of the brain cortex at 3 h after the injection. By using this newly developed method, the brain ECS and ISF can be quantitatively measured simultaneously in the living brain, which will enhance the understanding of ISF and improve the efficiency of drug therapy via the brain interstitium.展开更多
Gene co-expression networks provide an important tool for systems biology studies. Using microarray data from the Array Express database, we constructed an Arabidopsis gene co-expression network, termed At GGM2014, ba...Gene co-expression networks provide an important tool for systems biology studies. Using microarray data from the Array Express database, we constructed an Arabidopsis gene co-expression network, termed At GGM2014, based on the graphical Gaussian model, which contains 102,644 co-expression gene pairs among 18,068 genes. The network was grouped into 622 gene co-expression modules. These modules function in diverse house-keeping, cell cycle, development, hormone response, metabolism, and stress response pathways. We developed a tool to facilitate easy visualization of the expression patterns of these modules either in a tissue context or their regulation under different treatment conditions. The results indicate that at least six modules with tissue-specific expression pattern failed to record modular regulation under various stress conditions. This discrepancy could be best explained by the fact that experiments to study plant stress responses focused mainly on leaves and less on roots, and thus failed to recover specific regulation pattern in other tissues. Overall, the modular structures revealed by our network provide extensive information to generate testable hypotheses about diverse plant signaling pathways. At GGM2014 offers a constructive tool for plant systems biology studies.展开更多
文摘To investigate the tissue-specificities of isozymes and the genetic structureof wild spotted halibut ( Verasper variegatus) population, horizontal starch gel electrophoresiswas performed on 45 individuals collected in part of the Yellow Sea. The performances of 17 isozymesin 8 kinds of tissues or organs were screened preliminarily in a TC-7.0 buffer system. The resultsshowed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissue-specificities. Finally, 14 enzymes(AAT, ADH, EST, OPI, G3PDH, IDHP, LAP, LDH, MDH, MPI, PGDH, PGM, SDH and SOD) and 4 kinds of tissues(eye, skeleton muscle, liver and heart) were selected for genetic analysis. Fourteen isozymes areencoded by 20 loci, and 9 of them are polymorphic. The polymorphic loci are AAT-1~*, GPI-2~*,G3PDH~*, IDHP-1~*, LDH~*, MPI~*, PGM-1~*. PGM-2~* and SDH~*, and the proportion of polymorphic lociis 0.4500 (P_(0.99)) ? The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.0278and 0.0265, respectively and the average effective number of alleles is 1.0675.
文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and show remarkable tissue specificity.miRNAs are approximately 22 nt non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner via translational inhibition or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, thus affecting various cellular processes.Since the discovery of their fundamental mechanisms of action, the field of miRNAs has opened a new era in the understanding of small noncoding RNAs.Recent evidence has shown that miRNA controls cell growth, apoptosis, and differentiation.Cancer is a complex genetic disease caused by abnormalities in gene structure and expression, moreover, miRNA expression correlates with cancers and could have a crucial function in tumor progression.Bioinformatic data indicate that each miRNA can control hundreds of target genes, but identification of the accurate miRNA targets will be crucial to exploit the emerging knowledge of miRNA contribution to cancer process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups (No. 41121064)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2009AA09Z401)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-02)the Public Interest Research Program in Marine Industry from the State Oceanic Administration of China (No. 200905019)
文摘To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30972811, 81171080 and 81071148)the Twelfth Five-year Plan for National Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2012BAI15B009)
文摘The nature of brain interstitial fluid （ISF） has long been a subject of controversy. Most of the previous studies on brain ISF were carded out in vitro. In the present study, a novel method was developed to characterize ISF in the living rat brain by magnetic resonance （MR） imaging using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid （Gd-DTPA） as a tracer. Sprague Dawley rats （n=8） were subjected to MR scanning before and after the introduction of Gd-DTPA into the caudate nucleus. A one-way drainage of brain ISF was demonstrated on the dynamic MR images. According to the traditional diffusion model, the diffusion and clearance rate constants of the tracer within brain extracellular space （ECS） were derived as （3.38±1.07）×10^-4 mm2 s^-1 and （7.60±4.18）×10^-5 s^-1. Both diffusion and bulk flow contributed to the drainage of ISF from the caudate nucleus, which demonstrated an ISF-cerebrospinal fluid confluence in the subarachnoid space at the lateral and ventral surface of the brain cortex at 3 h after the injection. By using this newly developed method, the brain ECS and ISF can be quantitatively measured simultaneously in the living brain, which will enhance the understanding of ISF and improve the efficiency of drug therapy via the brain interstitium.
基金supported by US National Science Foundation grants DBI-0723722 and DBI-1042344 to SPDKUC Davis funds to SPDK
文摘Gene co-expression networks provide an important tool for systems biology studies. Using microarray data from the Array Express database, we constructed an Arabidopsis gene co-expression network, termed At GGM2014, based on the graphical Gaussian model, which contains 102,644 co-expression gene pairs among 18,068 genes. The network was grouped into 622 gene co-expression modules. These modules function in diverse house-keeping, cell cycle, development, hormone response, metabolism, and stress response pathways. We developed a tool to facilitate easy visualization of the expression patterns of these modules either in a tissue context or their regulation under different treatment conditions. The results indicate that at least six modules with tissue-specific expression pattern failed to record modular regulation under various stress conditions. This discrepancy could be best explained by the fact that experiments to study plant stress responses focused mainly on leaves and less on roots, and thus failed to recover specific regulation pattern in other tissues. Overall, the modular structures revealed by our network provide extensive information to generate testable hypotheses about diverse plant signaling pathways. At GGM2014 offers a constructive tool for plant systems biology studies.
