利用二形栅藻处理养鸭废水的研究

为了降低养鸭废水对环境的危害,减少大规模培养产油微藻的成本,使微藻处理污水与制备生物柴油结合起来具有广阔的应用前景,利用二形栅藻处理养鸭废水,通过研究不同pH值、接种量和吲哚乙酸添加浓度对二形栅藻生长的影响,以生物质产率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法的BBD组合设计,对二形栅藻的培养条件进行优化。结果显示:二形栅藻对养鸭废水具有良好的处理能力,对总氮、总磷、氨氮的去除率分别达到了79.27%、83.27%、88.37%。最佳培养条件为:pH 8.8,接种量30.63%,吲哚乙酸添加浓度为0.60 mg/L,在此条件下二形栅藻的生物质产率为0.0723 g/(L·d)。

玉米秸秆颗粒热解制炭的试验研究

对玉米秸秆颗粒炭化温度对生物质炭的产率及质量的影响进行试验及分析研究,给出了不同炭化温度下玉米秸秆颗粒的产炭量、能源转化率和生产出炭的理化特性,找出了秸秆制炭工艺的最佳炭化温度条件。试验表明:玉米秸秆颗粒在300℃时即可完成炭化,炭的产率为55%,低位热值为21.3MJ/kg,挥发分为35.75%,提高热解温度时,炭的产率及热值均呈逐步下降的趋势。因此,对于简单的颗粒制炭设备,宜采用低温炭化工艺,以获得较高的秸秆炭产率。

基于毛细作用的微藻固定化复合载体培养系统培养条件的研究

为了提高基于毛细作用微藻固定化复合载体培养系统中小球藻Chlorella vulgaris FACHB-1072的生物质产率,采用响应曲面分析法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)中的中心组合算法(Central Composite Design,CCD)设计实验参数.结果表明,响应面建立的微藻生物质产率的二次回归方程的拟合度良好,模型相关系数都达到97%以上.最佳的生物质产率组合为:CO2流速0.03 L/min、培养周期127.63 h、光稀释面积比率RAD1.32.在该条件下普通小球藻生物质产率达到34.81 g/m^2/day,与理论预测值较好吻合.同时,总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)去除率达95.64%,起到了较好的污水治理效果.

Effect of Flating Photobioreactor Light-path on the Growth and Organic Matter Accumulation of Isochrysis galbana Parke

[Objective] The paper aims to provide references to cultivate I.galbana in a large scale and explore its medical value.[Method] I.galbana had been cultivated in different light-path flat plate bioreactors,and the growth condition and content of organic matter within cells of I.galbana had been analyzed.[Result] Growth rate and volumetric productivity of I.galbana cells increased as light-path of flat plate bioreactors decreased,however,daily areal output rate rose with the increasing of light path.The smaller the light path of flat plate bioreactors was,the more content of total lipids,protein and polysaccharide it had in I.galbana cells.[Conclusion] It is an effective way to improve production efficiently and reduce the cost by selecting the suitable bioreactors.

Production and Nutritive Value of Calopo with Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer from Difference Sources

Calopogonium mucunoides （calopo） is one of forage legumes as protein and mineral sources for ruminant livestock in the tropics. However, most of the land in Indonesia that used for forage crops production characterized by acid pH, low in nitrogen and phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizers have been used widely to improve soil fertility in Indonesia. As the high cost of superphosphate （SP）, the focus is now on rock phosphate （RP） fertilizer which relatively cheaper than SP, and it has high solubility in acid condition. Combination between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources may be a promising technique to overcome those problems. A field experiment was conducted on a latosolic soil （low pH, nitrogen and low available Bray II extractable P）. The objective of the research is to evaluate the effect of combination between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources on dry matter production and digestibility, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of Calopogonium mucunoides （calopo）. Completely randomized block design with 9 treatments in 3 replicates was used in this experiment. The treatments were TO （control）, TI （SP）, T2 （RP）, T3 （urea）, T4 （ZA）, T5 （SP ＋ urea）, T6 （SP ＋ ZA）, T7 （RP ＋ urea）, T8 （RP ＋ ZA）. Size of plot was 2 m × 3 m, fertilized with 50 kg N/ha and 200 kg P2O5/ha, according to the assigned treatment. All plot received basal fertilizer of KCI （100 kg KzO/ha） and goat manure （5 ton/ha）. Calopogonium mucunoides was defoliated and nutritive value. Result showed that dry matter production on 90 days after planting and analyzed for dry matter production and nutritive value significantly influenzed by the treatments. Combination between N （ZA, urea） and P （SP, RP） fertilizer resulted dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and dry matter digestibility significantly higher compared to control, and NP fertilization separatedly. Combination of RP and N （urea, ZA） resulted in dry matter production, nutrient uptake, and dry matter digestibility non-significantly different compared to SP in combination with N （urea, ZA）. Therefore, RP could replace SP if combined with urea or ZA to increase production and nutritive value of Calopogonium mucunoides in acid latosolic soil.

The Fatherhood Premium： Mirage or Reality？ How Do Occupational Characteristics Matter

A differential fatherhood premium exists among selected groups of fathers of various socio-economic backgrounds. Besides marital status, residential arrangement, biological paternity, and other demographic dimensions, the mechanisms associated with fathers＇ structural characteristics of work that produce divergent labor market outcomes are less well understood. The authors leveraged the cases of productivity and specialization, family and responsibility, and compensating differentials and examined the impacts of work context and occupational characteristics on the pay gap between fathers and non-fathers Based on joint data from the 1997-2015 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth （NLSY97） and Occupational Information Network （O＇NET） （n -- 37,138）, the authors used fixed-effects models to estimate the associations between job features and the fatherhood premium. The regression results showed that occupations entailing competition and requiring on-the-job training are associated with more wage bonus; occupations offering inflexible schedule are associated with less wage gain These work-related characteristics further emphasize fathers＇ work structure and context, human capital accumulation, and work-family conflict. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical perspectives of productivity and specialization and compensating differentials, adding new evidences to the structural explanations of the fatherhood premium.

Microalgae Lipid Triggering by Cooling Stressing

Microalgae lipids/oils are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The desired lipids are triacylglycerols. These can either be transesterified to biodiesel or decarboxylated to ＂green diesel＂. Increasing microalgae lipids production by thermal stressing is important in improving the economics of biodiesel production, but its effectiveness needs to be determined. This paper focuses on the effect of cooling stressing lipid triggering on the microalgae production and lipids yield. Two microalgae species were studied, Chlorella sp. and Dunaliella. In each case, microalgae were grown in two identical 2 L PBRs （photobiorectors） at room temperature. At the end of the exponential growth phase, one PBR was placed in a cold environment while the other PBR was left at room temperature. Microalgae was harvested, freeze dried and the algae oil was extracted. Measurements show that cooling stressing slightly increased the biomass of algae （11% for C2 and 13% for Dunaliella）, but it decreased the lipids content of the microalgae, 62% for Chlorella sp. and 13% for Dunaliella. The net effect is a decrease in the lipid production rate （mg lipid/L-day） 58% in case of Chlorella sp., and 2% in case of Dunaliella.

Simultaneous determination of Repaglinide and Irbesartan in biological plasmas using micellar enhanced excitation-emission matrix fluorescence coupled with ATLD method

A highly sensitive and selective 3D excitation-emission fluorescence method has been proposed to rapidly quantify the combined antidiabetics Repaglinide(Re) and Irbesartan(Ir) in rat and human plasmas with the aid of second-order calibration method based on alternating trilinear decomposition(ATLD) method. Re and Ir with weak fluorescence can be endowed with strong fluorescent property by changing the microenvironment in samples and improving the fluorescence quantum yield by using an appropriate micellar enhanced surfactant. The enhanced excitation-emission matrix fluorescence of Re and Ir can be accurately resolved and can simultaneously attain the optimal concentration even in the presence of a potentially strong intrinsic fluorescence from complex biological matrices, such as rat and human plasmas, by using the ATLD method, which completely exploits the "second-order advantage". The average recoveries of Re and Ir obtained from ATLD with the factor number of 3(N=3) were 101.0%±4.3% and 99.1%±4.1% for rat plasma and 100.5%±5.4% and 97.1%±3.6% for human plasma. Several statistical methods, including Student's t-test, figures of merit, and elliptical joint confidence region, have been utilized to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. Results show that the developed method can maintain second-order advantage in simultaneous determinations of the weak fluorescent analytes of interest in different biological plasma matrices.