栽培管理对荻生长特性及生物质成分的影响

为了草本能源植物荻(Triarrhena sacchariflora)在华北地区的科学种植,研究了不同种植密度、施肥量和灌溉处理对其生长特性、生物质成分及生物量的影响。结果表明:在第一个生长季,种植密度对分蘖、生物量和茎叶比影响显著(P<0.05);灌溉对茎叶比、干鲜比和生物量影响显著;施氮肥对所有生长指标和生物量影响显著。在第二个生长季,种植密度对茎叶比影响显著;灌溉对分蘖影响显著;施氮肥对各生长指标及生物量影响不显著;种植密度对荻生物质N、H含量的影响不显著,但种植密度4.0 plant.m-2降低了C含量;灌溉显著增加其生物质C含量,降低N含量;施氮肥增加了其生物质的N含量;灌溉与施氮肥的交互作用对荻生物质纤维素含量的影响显著,在灌溉条件下施氮肥降低了纤维素含量。栽培管理的关键是在合理种植密度基础上,通过适当灌溉补水和施肥优化其生长特性并提高生物质产量。

基于生物质灰成分的灰软化温度预测模型研究

燃料的灰熔融性是判断其结渣性能的主要指标,是锅炉燃料的重要参考性质.燃料灰熔点的特性,与其灰成分中各氧化物含量有非常密切的关系.通过对大量生物质燃料进行分类处理及相应的氧化物含量分析,找到普遍规律,建立燃料灰熔融性特征温度与成分的经验公式预测模型.结果表明,此预测模型能对木质类和草本类生物质灰熔点进行有效预测.

Ecological Behavior of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in Soil-Plant Systems

More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures that will reduce its negative effects on the ecosystem. The ecological behavior of LAS. including degradation, migration, and plant uptake, in both soil-paddy rice and soil-soybean systems was studied. Reduction of LAS in pot and field plots followed the first order reaction kinetics with degradation half-lives of 35-50 days with LAS decreasing to very low concentrations after a season of crop growth. Strong migration ability for LAS was found and the breakthrough time in a 1.5 in soil monolith was significantly shortened to 23 days by preferential flow. Leachate volumes of soil-paddy and soil-soybean systems at preferential breakthrough were much different, while the leachate volumes at equilibrium governed by soil adsorption/desorption processes were very similar. Significant uptake of LAS in both paddy rice and sovbeans was observed in pot and field experiments (P < 0.05). In aquatic culture, 20 μg mL-1 and above of LAS significantly inhibited the growth of paddy seedlings (P < 0.05). The critical concentration for LAS in soil inhibiting the growth and yield of paddy was 160 μg g-1; when higher, there was a strong negative influence, with decreases in height, spike length, and production, when lower than 80 μg g-1, paddy growth was stimulated. There was little effect of LAS on soybeans.

Effects of 60Co-γ Ray Radicidation on Instant Tea

Effects of 60Co-γ ray radicidation on instant tea were studied through contaminant microbe assay,absorbed dose measurement and analysis of principal components of instant tea.The minimum effective dose of 4.0kGy and maximum tolerance dose of 8.0KGy were proposed.

Effects of transport on aerosols over the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau:synergistic contribution of Southeast Asia and the Sichuan Basin

The aerosol optical properties and chemical components of PM2.1(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.1μm or less)were investigated at Mount Gongga on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau from April 2012 to December 2014.The annual mean aerosol optical depth(AOD)was 0.35±0.23,and the?ngstr?m exponent was 1.0±0.38.The AOD exhibited higher values in summer and winter,but lower values in spring and autumn.Dividing the observational periods into dry and wet seasons,the authors found that the concentrations of K^+,elemental carbon,secondary inorganic aerosols,and primary and secondary organic carbon in the dry(wet)season were 0.29(0.21),0.88(0.60),7.4(4.5),7.5(5.1),and 3.9(12)μg m?3,respectively.Combined with trajectory analysis,the authors found that higher concentrations of K^+,elemental carbon,and primary organic carbon indicated the effects of biomass burning from Southeast Asia during the dry season.However,the oxidation of volatile organic compounds was the main source of aerosols during the wet season,which originated from the Sichuan Basin.

Biological Analysis of HSV-1 Immediate-early Proteins ICP0, ICP22, and ICP27 in Neuroblastoma Cells

The three immediate-early proteins of HSV-1, ICP0, ICP22, and ICP27, have specific and pivotal functions in transcriptional activation and inhibition, multiple regulatory and control processes of viral genes. In this paper, the expression and localization of these three proteins were studied in neuroblastoma cells using biochemical assays, and their possible and potential interactive functions are discussed. The data show that the three proteins are localized in different structures, specifically in the PML-NB-associated structure, which is a specific nuclear structure composed of many protein molecules and bound tightly to the nuclear matrix in neuroblastoma cells. The results suggest that the activating and suppressive functions of ICPs are mostly dependent on their transcriptional and regulatory roles, including the PML-NB-associated structure.

Isolation and Properties Characterization of Biosurfactant Synthesized by Pyrene Degrading Bacillus subtilis C19

Bacillus subtilis strain C19, capable of ulilizing pyrene as a sole of carbon and energy, was isolated from marine Indonesian Archipelago. In biodegradation of pyrene by B. subtilis C19, various metabolites was isolated and identified by chromatographic and spectral analyses. Lipopeptide biosurfactant was produced and it has stable emulsification activity. Biosurfactant was produced for enhancing pyrene uptake and bioavaibility. After 30 days incubation, there were no toxic metabolite and biodegradation of pyrene was already complete （only 0.02% undegradable metabolite）. Therefore, this strain is suitable for PAHs （polyaromatic hydrocarbons） contaminated environment recovery.

Phosphorylation and biosynthesis of high molecular weight proteins of tumor nuclear matrix

Our previous studies showed a predominance of high molecular weight protein group in tumor nuclear matrices. Contrary to normal cells, proteins of this group are preferentially phosphorylated. Phosphoproteins of hepatoma nuclear matrix are selectively subjected to rapid proteolysis. By alkali treatment and a monoclonal antibody against phosphotyrosyl residue the presence of two high molecular weight bands of phosphotyrosyl-containing proteins was detected in nuclear matrices of tumor but not of normal liver cells. High molecular weight protein group of tumor nuclear matrices revealed also a rapid turnover and preferential incorporation of labeled amino acids selectively inhibited by chloramphenicol.

Effects of Different Substrate Composition on Growth of Gesneriaceae Plants

The cultivation experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of dif-ferent proportions of peat soil, perlite, vermiculite and yel ow mud on growth of Gesneriaceae species （Chirita gueilinensis, Sinningia speciosa, Lysionotus pauci-florus, Hemiboea henryi, Aeschynanthus acuminatus, Saintpaulia ionantha）. The growth traits of each plant growing in 7 different matrix materials were investigated. The plant height, crown width and chlorophyl content of each plant were mea-sured. The results showed that the best substrate ratio was peat soil∶vermiculite=2∶1 for C. gueilinensis, L. pauciflorus and H. henryi; peat soil∶perlite∶vermiculite = 2∶1∶1 for S. ionantha; peat soil∶vermiculite∶yel ow mud=2∶1∶1 for S. speciosa; peat soil∶per-lite∶vermiculite∶yel ow mud=2∶1∶1∶1 for A. acuminatus.

Annual Component Analysis of Pacific Oysters （Crassostrea gigas） and Mussels （Mytilus gallopro vincialis）

To study the change in components of Pacific oysters （Crassostrea gigas） and mussels （Mytilus galloprovincialis） over a year, their annual obesity ratio, umami components （glutamic acid and glycogen）, functional components （Zn, Mn, Cu, and vitamin B12）, and Cd and noroviruses （NoVs） contents were quantified. In oysters, the obesity ratio and chemical components showed seasonal changes depending on the spawning season. Glutamic acid content increased from November to March. In contrast, glycogen content peaked in May and November. Mineral content markedly increased during spawning. From the comparison of NoVs GI and GII strains, oyster predominately infected by the GI. A remarkable difference in NoVs contents was observed depending on the oyster farms. In mussels, glutamic acid, Zn and Cu contents were stable throughout the year. Mussels＇ Cd content was about one-fifths times lower than that found in oysters. Although the NoVs strain was affected by the collection area, mussels from both areas showed decreased NoVs contents in summer, corresponding with the consumption season of mussels in Japan. Our comparative study on the seasonal variability in the chemical components and NoVs contents in pacific oysters （C. gigas） and mussels （M. galloprovincialis） clearly showed an association with physiological and environmental factors.

Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Biochemical Constituents in the Rice Plant Treated with Different Xenobiotics

Experiments were conducted at Entomology division of Directorate of Rice research to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in biochemical constituents in the rice plant treated with different xenobiotics, viz. insecticides like deltamethrin, imidacloprid, herbicide like 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, fungicide like carbendazim, green manure Calotropis gigantea leaves, botanicals like Neem Seed Powder and fertilizer urea along with control plants of TN1, PTB33 and Swama varieties comprising of total 15 treatments. Application of butachlor, carbendazim, deltamethrin and excessive nitrogen fertilization resulted in increased population build up of brown plant hopper （BPH）. Significantly, lower honeydew excretion （13 mme area） in the BPH nymphs was observed on resistant PTB33 variety compared to susceptible TN1 and Swarna varieties （116 and 110 mm2 respectively）. In susceptible TN1 variety, the sucrose content was significantly higher （9.35 mg/g tissue） compared to BPH resistant PTB33 （5.32 mg/g tissue）. The BPH resistant PTB33 variety exhibited significantly lower free amino acid content （1.23 mg/g tissue） as compared to TN1 （2.51 mg/g）. The C/N ratio was comparatively high in the resistant PTB33 alone （4.32）, but was low in PTB33 applied with 2,4-D ＋ carbendazim （2.73）, 2,4-D ＋ imidacloprid ~ carbendazim （2.3）, excess urea fertilizer （2.18）. The total phenol contents measured in resistant PTB33 （7.5 mg/g dry wt）, susceptible TN1 （5.865 mg/g dry wt） and the popular variety Swarna （5.57 mg/g dry wt） were almost same and no statistical difference was observed. Further, treatment of these varieties with different xenobiotics and botanicals also did not significantly alter their total phenol content. However, the phenol content of the resistant PTB 33 alone and treated with xenobiotics was higher compared to the susceptible TN 1 and Swarna varieties alone and treated with xenobiotics. The plant biochemical constituents such as free amino acids, sucrose were lower in untreated resistant PTB33 compared to susceptible TN1, and PTB33 treated with urea and deltamethrin. The high feeding rate and population build up on the susceptible variety TN1 is positively correlated with high quantities of sucrose, free amino acids and lower quantities of phenols and low C/N ratio.

Recent advances in catalytic production of sugar alcohols and their applications

Conversion of non-edible biomass into fuels and value-added chemicals has achieved great attention to cope the world's energy requirements. Lignocellulose based sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, and erythritol can be potentially used as emerging fuels and chemicals. These sugar alcohols can be converted into widely used products(e.g. polymer synthesis, food and pharmaceuticals industry). The heterogeneous catalytic production of sugar alcohols from renewable biomass provides a safe and sustainable approach. Hydrolysis, coupled with hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis has been proved to be more effective strategy for sugar alcohols production from biomass. This review summarizes the recent advances in biomass upgrading reactions for the production of sugar alcohols and their comprehensive applications.

Altered expression of micro RNAs in the response to ER stress

MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, play key roles in diverse biological and pathological processes. ER stress, resulting from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, is triggered by various physiological events and pathological insults. Here, using RNA deep sequencing analysis, we found that the expression of some microRNAs was altered in HeLa and HEK293 cells under ER stress. Protein and RNA levels of DGCR8, Drosha, Exportin-5, Dicer, and Ago2 showed no significant alteration in ER-stressed cells, which suggested that the change in microRNA expression might not be caused by the microRNA biogenesis pathway but by other, unknown factors. Real-time PCR assays confirmed that hsa-miR-423-5p was up-regulated, whereas hsa-miR-221-3p and hsa-miR-452-5p were down-regulated, in both HeLa and HEK293 cells under ER stress. Luciferase activity and Western blot assays verified that CDKN1A was a direct target of hsa-miR-423-5p and that CDKN1B was a direct target of hsa-miR-221-3p and hsamiR-452-5p. We speculated that by regulating their targets, microRNAs might function cooperatively as regulators in the adaptive response to ER stress.