Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by hydrolysis using penicillin acylase (PA) was studied as a model of an enzymatic emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. The loss of PA activity was examined for variou...Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by hydrolysis using penicillin acylase (PA) was studied as a model of an enzymatic emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. The loss of PA activity was examined for various membrane compositions (organic solvent, surfactant, carrier). The effects of some experimental variables on the stability of emulsion were investigated. It was found that the choice of organic solvent greatly affected the stability of the emulsion. Increasing the concentration of the carrier in the membrane phase increases the transfer rate of substrate and products but also has a destabilizing effect on the emulsion. The recovery of 6-APA obtained by a di-carrier system (N263-N1923) was much higher than those when either of the di-carriers was used separately. The whole process was controlled both by the enzymatic reaction rate and by the transfer rate of the substrate and the products, however, the ratio of them could be changed by varying the composition of the system. For an optimum condition, it was obtained that the recovery ratio of 6-APA was over 80% and the conversion of benzyl penicillin (PG) was up to 90% in the external phase after 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the breakage percentage of the emulsion was less than 2%.展开更多
One of the most important properties of the torrefied pellets, along with high calorific value, is their hydrophobicity. Inability to absorb moisture and self-destruct under its influence determine possibility of usin...One of the most important properties of the torrefied pellets, along with high calorific value, is their hydrophobicity. Inability to absorb moisture and self-destruct under its influence determine possibility of using of pellets in the pyrolysis reactor. For the technology of two-stage thermal processing of biomass, developed at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, the amount of synthesis gas which can be obtained from one kilogram of torrefied pellets is also important. A construction of the pilot torrefaction reactor powered by flue gas is shown. The results of experimental investigations of hydrophobicity of torrefied pellets produced by the reactor and quantity of synthesis gas which can be obtained by two-stage thermal processing of the pellets are presented. It is shown that torrefaction allows simplifying the process of conversion of pellets into synthesis gas without significant reduction in the volume of the gas.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29136130).
文摘Production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by hydrolysis using penicillin acylase (PA) was studied as a model of an enzymatic emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. The loss of PA activity was examined for various membrane compositions (organic solvent, surfactant, carrier). The effects of some experimental variables on the stability of emulsion were investigated. It was found that the choice of organic solvent greatly affected the stability of the emulsion. Increasing the concentration of the carrier in the membrane phase increases the transfer rate of substrate and products but also has a destabilizing effect on the emulsion. The recovery of 6-APA obtained by a di-carrier system (N263-N1923) was much higher than those when either of the di-carriers was used separately. The whole process was controlled both by the enzymatic reaction rate and by the transfer rate of the substrate and the products, however, the ratio of them could be changed by varying the composition of the system. For an optimum condition, it was obtained that the recovery ratio of 6-APA was over 80% and the conversion of benzyl penicillin (PG) was up to 90% in the external phase after 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the breakage percentage of the emulsion was less than 2%.
文摘One of the most important properties of the torrefied pellets, along with high calorific value, is their hydrophobicity. Inability to absorb moisture and self-destruct under its influence determine possibility of using of pellets in the pyrolysis reactor. For the technology of two-stage thermal processing of biomass, developed at the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, the amount of synthesis gas which can be obtained from one kilogram of torrefied pellets is also important. A construction of the pilot torrefaction reactor powered by flue gas is shown. The results of experimental investigations of hydrophobicity of torrefied pellets produced by the reactor and quantity of synthesis gas which can be obtained by two-stage thermal processing of the pellets are presented. It is shown that torrefaction allows simplifying the process of conversion of pellets into synthesis gas without significant reduction in the volume of the gas.
