Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique subgroup defined by a lack expression of ER (estrogen receptor), PR(progesterone receptor) and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), which has distinctly bio...Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique subgroup defined by a lack expression of ER (estrogen receptor), PR(progesterone receptor) and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), which has distinctly biological, clinical and pathological characteristics. This subgroup has close relationship with basal-like and BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene-1) breast cancers. Since endocrine and HER2-targered therapy can not be applied, chemotherapy is the major mean of therapy. Some studies show that TNBC is sensitive to taxol, platinum and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, targeted therapy to EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) and PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitor may show better anticancer activity. We will review this subgroup of breast cancer as the following three aspects, biological characteristics, clinicopathology characteristics and therapy strategy.展开更多
Objective： To facilitate manipulation of gene expression in different host cells, we used pEGFP-N1 as backbone to construct a versatile vector that can drive foreign gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell...Objective： To facilitate manipulation of gene expression in different host cells, we used pEGFP-N1 as backbone to construct a versatile vector that can drive foreign gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Methods： A cloning and expression vector, pEGFP-NI-lac, was constructed by inserting the prokaryotic lac promoter of pUC 19 into the eukaryotic expression vector, pEGFP-N1, between the eukaryotic PCMV promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） open reading frames. To assess the function of pEGFP-NI-lac, the nucleotide sequence encoding the hepatitis C virus （HCV） core protein was cloned into the multiple cloning sites. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of the HCV core protein in Escherichia coli DH5a and HepG2 cells. Results： Restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis indicated that pEGFP-NI-lac was successfully constructed and the HCV core gene was cloned into this vector. The Western blotting results showed that pEGFP-NI-lac promoted expression of HCV core gene in prokaryotic E. coli DH5a and eukaryotic HepG2 cells. Conclusion： The pEGFP-NI-lac vector has been successfully constructed and functions in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The EGFP reporter can be used as an insert-inactivation marker for clone selection or as an expression tag. This vector can be used for cloning and expression of genes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, making gene cloning, expression and functional studies convenient as well as time- and labor-efficient展开更多
Nanoparticles can be enriched at tumor site and improve the therapeutic efficacy of many chemother- apy drugs with the well-known enhanced permeability and retention （EPR） effect. While conventional preparations of ...Nanoparticles can be enriched at tumor site and improve the therapeutic efficacy of many chemother- apy drugs with the well-known enhanced permeability and retention （EPR） effect. While conventional preparations of materials for nanoscale drug delivery system mainly focused on chemical synthesis, recently the combination of synthetic carrier and natural biomimetic carrier has gained more and more attention. As a new generation of biomimetic nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles combine the complex biological functions of natural membranes and the physicochemical properties of synthetic nanomaterials for a more effective drug delivery. Herein, we briefly review the recent advances on cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery via the prolonging systemic circulation lifetime and the active targeting effect. Since the preferential accumulation of cell membrane-coated nanopar- ticles in tumor site, they are able to improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs in antitumor treatment as well as to reduce the systemic toxicity. We also introduce a systematic targeted strategy for the promising application of this platform on brain tumors.展开更多
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique subgroup defined by a lack expression of ER (estrogen receptor), PR(progesterone receptor) and HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), which has distinctly biological, clinical and pathological characteristics. This subgroup has close relationship with basal-like and BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene-1) breast cancers. Since endocrine and HER2-targered therapy can not be applied, chemotherapy is the major mean of therapy. Some studies show that TNBC is sensitive to taxol, platinum and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, targeted therapy to EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) and PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) inhibitor may show better anticancer activity. We will review this subgroup of breast cancer as the following three aspects, biological characteristics, clinicopathology characteristics and therapy strategy.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2009AA02Z111)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30872223)the Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity
文摘Objective： To facilitate manipulation of gene expression in different host cells, we used pEGFP-N1 as backbone to construct a versatile vector that can drive foreign gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Methods： A cloning and expression vector, pEGFP-NI-lac, was constructed by inserting the prokaryotic lac promoter of pUC 19 into the eukaryotic expression vector, pEGFP-N1, between the eukaryotic PCMV promoter and enhanced green fluorescent protein （EGFP） open reading frames. To assess the function of pEGFP-NI-lac, the nucleotide sequence encoding the hepatitis C virus （HCV） core protein was cloned into the multiple cloning sites. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of the HCV core protein in Escherichia coli DH5a and HepG2 cells. Results： Restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis indicated that pEGFP-NI-lac was successfully constructed and the HCV core gene was cloned into this vector. The Western blotting results showed that pEGFP-NI-lac promoted expression of HCV core gene in prokaryotic E. coli DH5a and eukaryotic HepG2 cells. Conclusion： The pEGFP-NI-lac vector has been successfully constructed and functions in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The EGFP reporter can be used as an insert-inactivation marker for clone selection or as an expression tag. This vector can be used for cloning and expression of genes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, making gene cloning, expression and functional studies convenient as well as time- and labor-efficient
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB932500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81273458 and 81473149)
文摘Nanoparticles can be enriched at tumor site and improve the therapeutic efficacy of many chemother- apy drugs with the well-known enhanced permeability and retention （EPR） effect. While conventional preparations of materials for nanoscale drug delivery system mainly focused on chemical synthesis, recently the combination of synthetic carrier and natural biomimetic carrier has gained more and more attention. As a new generation of biomimetic nanoparticles, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles combine the complex biological functions of natural membranes and the physicochemical properties of synthetic nanomaterials for a more effective drug delivery. Herein, we briefly review the recent advances on cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery via the prolonging systemic circulation lifetime and the active targeting effect. Since the preferential accumulation of cell membrane-coated nanopar- ticles in tumor site, they are able to improve the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy drugs in antitumor treatment as well as to reduce the systemic toxicity. We also introduce a systematic targeted strategy for the promising application of this platform on brain tumors.
