微生物-物化耦合法降解毒死蜱研究进展

针对有机磷农药毒死蜱的大规模使用使其在农田系统中的残留量显著增加,而传统的微生物法降解毒死蜱存在降解效率低、作用时间长等不足的问题,对微生物-物化耦合法降解毒死蜱进行介绍。在对微生物耦合电化学、零价铁、植物及光催化降解毒死蜱的运行效果、作用机理等方面进行综述的基础上,阐述了微生物-物化耦合法降解毒死蜱具有降解效率高、作用时间短、功能菌种有效富集等优势,为优化毒死蜱的污染修复技术和提高毒死蜱的降解效率提供科学依据。

采用物化-生物法处理制革废水

将制革生产中的准备工段和鞣制工段的废水分别进行预处理，回收其有用物质，出水用电化脱色后的染色废水作絮凝剂进行絮凝沉淀，而后再采用生物接触氧化法进行处理，最后出水外排，达到《污水综台排放标准》（GB8978—1996）中的一级标准。

生物—物化法治理稀黑液工艺

提出了以从自然界分离得来的组合菌 CG、WD,结合物化法治理稀黑液的工艺方法。结果表明 ,1.5°Be′左右的稀黑液经本工艺处理 ,硫化物、挥发酚去除率均达 99%以上 ,色度、CODcr和 BOD5 的去除率分别达 97%、90 %和 95 %。

物化—好氧生物法处理制革废水

采用物化—好氧生物法处理制革废水,取得了较好的效果,对COD、S2-、SS的去除率分别达到了93.6%、94.8%和96.3%。运行结果表明,该工艺具有工艺设计简单、运行稳定、出水水质好等优点。

物化-两段生物接触氧化串联工艺处理涂料废水

采用物化-两段生物接触氧化法处理涂料废水,结果表明:当设计水质CODcr≤4000mg／L,BOD5≤1500my/L,SS≤1800mg/L时,出水水质CODcr<90mg／L,BOD5<20mg／L,SS<60mg/L,达到《水污染排放限值》(DB44/26-2001)一级排放标准要求;处理出水再经活性炭及工业循环冷却水处理器处理,可达到工业循环冷却水设计规范(GB／T50102-2003)要求。

Tracing Changes in the Microbial Community of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil by Culture-Dependent Proteomics

Hydrocarbon contamination may affect the soil microbial community, in terms of both diversity and function. A laboratory experiment was set-up, with a semi-arid control soil and the same soil but artificially contaminated with diesel oil, to follow changes in the dominant species of the microbial community in the hydrocarbon-polluted soil via proteomics. Analysis of the proteins extracted from enriched cultures growing in Luria-Bertani （LB） media showed a change in the microbial community. The majority of the proteins were related to gIycolysis pathways, structural or protein synthesis. The results showed a relative increase in the complexity of the soil microbial community with hydrocarbon contamination, especially after 15 days of incubation. Species such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Synechococcus elongatus and different Clostridium sp. were adapted to contamination, not appearing in the control soil, although Bacillus sp. dominated the growing in LB in any of the treatments. We conclude that the identification of microbial species in soil extracts by culture-dependent proteomics is able to partially explain the changes in the diversity of the soil microbial community in hydrocarbon polluted semi-arid soils, but this information is much more limited than that provided by molecular methods.

8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine:Not mere biomarker for oxidative stress,but remedy for oxidative stress-implicated gastrointestinal diseases

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） attack guanine bases in DNA easily and form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）, which can bind to thymidine rather than cytosine, based on which, the level of 8-OHdG is gen- erally regarded as a biomarker of mutagenesis conse- quent to oxidative stress. For example, higher levels of 8-OHdG are noted in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis as well as gastric cancer. However, we have found that exogenous 8-OHdG can paradoxically reduce ROS production, attenuate the nuclear factor-KB signaling pathway, and ameliorate the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin （IL）-I, IL-6, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and induc- ible nitric oxide synthase in addition to expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase （NOX）-I, NOX organizer-1 and NOX activator-1 in vari- ous conditions of inflammation-based gastrointestinal （GI） diseases including gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, and even colitis-associated carci- nogenesis. Our recent finding that exogenous 8-OHdG was very effective in either inflammation-based or oxidative-stress-associated diseases of stress-related mucosal damage has inspired the hope that synthetic 8-OHdG can be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammation-based GI diseases, as well as the pre- vention of inflammation-associated GI cancer. In this editorial review, the novel fact that exogenous 8-OHdG can be a functional molecule regulating oxidative- stress-induced gastritis through either antagonizing Rac-guanosine triphosphate binding or blocking the signals responsible for gastric inflammatory cascade is introduced.

Optimized One-Step Preparation of a Bioactive Natural Product,Guaiazulene-2,9-dione

We previously isolated a natural product, namely guaiazulene-2,9-dione showing strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio anguillarum, from a gorgonian Muriceides collaris collected in South China Sea. In this experiment, guaiazulene-2,9-dione was quantitatively synthesized with an optimized one-step bromine oxidation method using guaiazulene as the raw material. The key reaction condition including reaction time and temperature, drop rate of bromine, concentration of aqueous THF solution, respective molar ratio of guaiazulene to bromine and acetic acid, and concentration of guaiazulene in aqueous THF solution, were investigated individually at five levels each for optimization. Combined with the verification test to show the absolute yield of each optimization step, the final optimal condition was determined as: when a solution of 0.025 mmol m L-1 guaiazulene in 80% aqueous THF was treated with four volumes of bromine at a drop rate of 0.1 m L min-1 and four volumes of acetic acid at-5℃ for three hours, the yield of guaiazulene-2,9-dione was 23.72%. This was the first report concerning optimized one-step synthesis to provide a convenient method for the large preparation of guaiazulene-2,9-dione.

染料废水处理技术的研究与进展

概述了含染料废水处理方法的研究现状和最新进展 ,尤其是在物化法 (包括辐射法、吸附 萃取法、磁分离法、混凝沉降法和氧化法 )、生物法 (好氧 厌氧氧化 -还原序列反应器、固定化微生物降解、膜生物反应器 )及生物 -物化联合法 (生物吸附剂、生物活性炭、厌氧折流板反应池 -生物接触氧化池 -混凝沉淀 -砂滤池处理工艺、水解酸化 -接触氧化法等 )中的新技术的研究现状 ,新方法、材料、工艺的应用方面 。

制革废水处理技术的发展

制革工业废水组成复杂,污染严重,针对制革废水的组成与特点、废水治理的技术发展和研究成果,采用分隔治理和多种方法结合的综合治理技术是合理的。就综合废水统一处理技术,以及国内外处理制革废水的一些新型的、高效的处理技术作了介绍。

肠衣加工废水处理技术进展

肠衣加工废水属于高盐、高水溶性有机物废水,较难处理。综述了近年来生物法、物化法和物化生物法等肠衣加工废水的处理技术进展。其中,二级A-O接触氧化(A2/O2)-混凝沉淀和电氧化-微滤工艺在肠衣加工废水处理中的应用较多。生物法处理效率适中,运行费用较低,但投资和占地面积大;物化法处理彻底,但运行费用较高。因此,物化法与生物法相结合是肠衣加工废水处理技术的发展方向。

Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes differ in body awareness, psychological symptoms and biochemical stress markers

AIM: To elucidate the differences in somatic, psycho-logical and biochemical pattern between the subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Eighty IBS patients, 30 diarrhoea pre-dominant (D-IBS), 16 constipation predominant (C-IBS) and 34 alternating IBS (A-IBS) underwent physi-otherapeutic examinations for dysfunctions in body movements and awareness and were compared to an apparently healthy control group (AHC). All groups an-swered questionnaires for gastrointestinal and psycho-logical symptoms. Biochemical variables were analysed in blood. RESULTS: The D-IBS group showed less body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms, a more normal sense of coherence and psychosocial rating as well as higher C-peptide values. C-IBS had a higher degree of body dysfunction and psychological symptoms, as well as the lowest sense of coherence compared to controls and D-IBS. They also demonstrated the most elevated prolactin levels. A-IBS had the lowest degree of body disturbance, deteriorated quality of life and affected bi-ochemical pattern. All subtypes had higher pain scores compared to controls. In addition they all had signifi -cantly increased triglycerides and elevated morning cortisol levels, however, without statistical signifi cance compared with the controls.CONCLUSION: IBS subtypes showed different pro-files in body awareness, somatic and psychological symptoms and in biochemical variables. D-IBS differed compared to the other groups by lowered body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms and a higher sense of coherence and elevated C-peptide values. C-IBS and A-IBS subtypes suffered more from depression and anxiety, associated with a lower quality of life. These differences may be important and will be taken into account in our treatment of these patients.

Flavonoids in Georgian Bee Bread and Bee Pollen

The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biologically active compounds in them. The samples were taken in lmereti region （west Georgia）. After extraction of samples, there were carried out spectral and HPLC analysis of compounds for the sake of qualitative and quantitative research of them. There are studied the flavonoid compounds of bee bread and pollen by using the HPLC methods, and naringin, rutin and quercetin are identified. Their amount counts about 20% of full content of flavonoids. The content of flavonols in bee bread and pollen has been established. It also has been determined that the amount of flavonoids during the storage period of products reduces to 6.17-5.03 g.kg-1.

The Role of Traditional Irrigation Canals in a Long Term Environmental Perspective A Case Study in Southern France： The Durance Basin

The agricultural sector is often considered to be the largest water consumer and the policy aimed at saving irrigation water exists across Europe. The flip-side of such policy, however, is the disappearance of traditional irrigation canals since farmers are encouraged to turn to drip irrigation and overhead irrigation gradually. Given this, we would like to argue that traditional irrigation canals need to be reexamined. Such canals are not only built aquatic infrastructure, they are also the product of a culture and social relationship with water in the Mediterranean region. Canals form a complex system which is driven by environmental, economic and social factors. Our sociological and environmental research in Provence （and around the Durance basin more specifically） points up how the very dense territorial network of gravity-fed canals is useful in water management, as well as in other shared uses over the long-term. The findings underscore the positive environmental role played by these historical and anthropogenic constructions. They contribute to refilling the aquifer and also act as a valuable environmental good and service （e.g., run-off regulation, biodiversity, landscape, recreation, etc.）. Further, several local actors have underscored their role as part of an intangible cultural heritage and as important for the area＇s economic and social development. Such canals play a central role in sustainable development since beyond their productive role in agriculture, they play a social role （new uses） and an ecological role （as reservoirs for biodiversity and ecological corridors）.

Integration of Chemical Methods and Biomarkers for Assessment of Chlorimuron-Ethyl Bioavailability in Soil

Bioavailability is a critical factor for assessing the environmental risk of organic pollutants in soil. In this study, extractions with 3 different solvents, including 2 aqueous solutions, calcium chloride(CaCl_2) and a phosphate buffer solution(PBS), and a mixture of aqueous solution and organic solvent, a PBS-methanol(8:2,volume/volume) mixture(PBS-M), were performed to assess the bioavailability of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil in comparison to a battery of toxicity tests in wheat seedlings. The results indicated that the peroxidase(POD) activity in wheat leaves after 7 d of exposure was one of the sensitive biomarkers of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil.The extractability of chlorimuron-ethyl by all the 3 solvents decreased with exposure time, and the rate of decrease of the PBS-M extraction between 1 and 7 d of exposure was substantially higher than those of the aqueous solution extractions. Chlorimuron-ethyl gradually changed from a water-soluble form into a soil organic matter(SOM)-bound form in the soil. The PBS extraction correlated best with the POD activity in the leaves after 7 d of exposure.

Bioavailability of Soil Copper from Different Sources:Integrating Chemical Approaches with Biological Indicators

Bioavailability is a key parameter in assessing contaminant transfer to biota. However, the input patterns and soil use types may impact the metal bioavailability. Several soil parameters were measured including chemical properties, such as pH, organic C, and Cu solution/solid speciation, and biological properties, such as soil microbial biomass C （SMBC）, seed germination, and root elongation, to evaluate the bioavailability of Cu contaminated soils from three different sources, i.e., non-ferrous metal mining, Cu-based fungicides, and Cu-smelting. The results revealed that free Cu2＋ ion in soil solution and the ratios of Cu fractions to total Cu content in the solid phase could not be used to predict total Cu content in soils. The indexes of seed germination and root elongation appeared not to be good biomonitors of Cu contamination in soils, which were more sensitive to soil pH and soil organic carbon （SOC）. Relationships between SMBC and soil Cu forms or the ratio of SMBC/SOC and soil Cu forms showed that free Cu2＋ ion and humie acid-complexed Cu could significantly inhibit soil microbial activities. Our findings suggested that both metal chemical forms and biological bioassays should be considered as a complementary technique rather than an alternative to evaluate the metal bioavailability from different pollution sources.