Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Porcine Breeding Management in a Large-scale Piggery with Microbial Fermentation Bed

[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.

沼液喂猪要注意什么

用沼液喂猪有促进生猪生长发育,加快增重,缩短育肥期的明显效果。但要注意: 一、沼液应从正常产气的沼气池中层提取,新建池或大出料后的沼气池,应在正常产气后一个月,方能取沼液喂猪,不能用病态池,或投入了有毒物质的沼气池中的沼液喂猪,否则,危害性极大。

猪年话川猪

狗年过去,猪年已至.在送旧迎新之际,四川省养猪产值再次突破300亿元,这春日的喜讯给蓬勃发展的四川生猪生产再一次注入新的活力.四川,是中国头号养猪大省,号称世界“猪场”.四川生产的猪肉,不仅保障了四川一亿多城乡居民的食用,每年还可调出2000多万头肉猪稳定全国的猪肉市锡,充实全国居民的“菜篮子”.四川常年生猪调出量占全国三分之一以上.

宁波市人民政府办公厅关于加快推进畜牧业规划实施切实保障畜产品有效供给的通知

甬政办发[2008]116号各县(市)、区人民政府,市政府各部门、各直属单位:根据国务院《关于促进畜牧业持续健康发展的意见》(国发[2007]4号)、浙江省人民政府《关于大力发展现代畜牧业的若干意见》(浙政发[2007]70号)文件精神和《宁波市畜牧业产业布局和建设规划》

Smallholder Pigs Production Systems in Tanzania

Pig production is becoming increasingly important in Mbozi and Mbeya rural districts to characterise smallholder pig Eastern Africa in recent years. Two studies were carried out in production systems and associated pig management practises. A participatory rural appraisal （PRA）, involving 279 pigs-keeping households in nine villages and a cross sectional survey using a random sample of 300 pig farmers in 30 villages of the study districts, were used to collect data. Important economic activities were crop farming, livestock keeping, petty business, casual labour and artisan works in that order. The mean farm size and number of pigs per household was 2 ± 2.7 ha and 4.9 ±4.2 pigs, respectively. The largest categories of pig herd structure were breeding females followed by piglets. Age, marital status, household size and land size of household head had significant influence on the pig herd size （P 〈 0.05）. Pig farmers practised three main types of pig management systems, namely, total confinement, semi confinement and free range/herding. Each system had specific management practices in relation to feeding and housing. The frequencies of these systems varied significantly （P 〈 0.01） by socio-economic factors, such as, educational status of household head, land size and herd sizes of pigs, goats and cattle. The authors recommend effective use of locally available resources and careful consideration of existing farming systems for sustainable development of smallholder pig production.

Determination of Physiological Biochemical Parameters and Reproductive Performance in Transgenic sFat-1 Gene Pigs

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the health of transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs in order to provide a reference for the breeding selection of pig excellent individuals. [Method] 15 physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performances of 21 negative control pigs and 20 transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were determined. [Result] The liver functions of some transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were hurted lightly,and the reproductive performance also decreased lightly. [Conclusion] The determination of physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performance in transgenic pigs could be taken as one of effective methods in environmental safety evaluation of transgenic pigs.

Excess Levels of ILysine and Threonine in Low Protein, Wheat-based Diets on Serum Amino Acid Concentrations and Performance of Growing Pigs

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth response and serum concentrations （SC） of amino acids （AA） in pigs fed wheat-based diets with either deficient, adequate or excess Lys and Thr. Previously, the standardized ileal digestibilities of AA in a basal diet were determined with five ileal cannulated pigs in a digestion trial. In experiment 1, 21 pigs （12.5±0.91 kg） were used to evaluate the effect of adding 0%, 0.69%, and 1.38% free L-Lys. The best growth response was obtained with 0.69% added L-Lys, equivalent to 1.05% total in the diet. The SC of Arg, Thr, and Val were lower （P 〈 0.05） in pigs fed the Lys adequate diet, compared to the deficient, but no further change occurred with excess Lys （P 〉 0.10）. Lys SC increased with each increment in the dietary Lys content （P 〈 0.05）. In experiment 2, 20 pigs （14.3 ± 1.57 kg） were used, and the addition of 0%, 0.14%, 0.28%, and 0.42% crystalline Thr, to the 0.69% L-Lys-supplemented basal diet, was evaluated. The best response was obtained with added 0.28% L-Thr, （0.66% total Thr）, but excess Thr reduced feed intake and growth rate. Moderate and excess levels of Yhr increased the SC of Thr, but excess reduced those of Va[ and Lys. These data show that excess Thr, but not Lys, affect the performance of growing pigs. Also, these data indicate that Val may become limiting in low protein diets with excess Lys or Thr.

Growth-Promoting Effects of Liposome-Encapsulated Porcine Somatotropin in Mice

[ Objective] To study growth-promoting effects of liposome-encapsulated porcine somatotropin （pST） and its sustained-release effects in mice. [ Method] The mice were randomly divided into experimental groups and control group. The mice in the experimental groups were respective- ly administrated with pST and liposome-encapsulated pST via intraperitoneal injection, and those in the control group were administrated with saline. They were weighed on Day 7, 14 and 28, and the growth rate was calculated. [ Result] The growth of mice had significant difference between the experiment groups and control group （P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that the pST and liposome-encapsulated pST had growth-promoting effects in mice, and the liposome-encapsulated pST had sustained-release effects. [Condusion] The liposome-encapsulated pST can promote the growth of animal and its sustained-release peried is 7 d.

Adaptation of intestine-based microbial functions to bioethanol production

Animal intestine is a favorable habitat to microbes. It facilitates the evolution of dense and diversified microbial communities that are highly active and persistent throughout life span. Here, we stimulate this unique biosystem to develop high-efficient continuous bio-manufacturing processes. The pig small intestine was explored as a novel bioreactor with industrial Saccharornyces cerevisiae for biofuel production. Results showed that the small intestine was a beneficial material for cell adherence. The cells on the intestine exhibited the abilities of self- immobilization, self-duplication and self-repairing. Therefore the intestine-based S. cerevisiae could be continu- ously used for a long time at high metabolic activities. Both the fermentation speed and ethanol yield were im- proved. This study provides valuable insights into the functions of intestine-based biosystem and should inspire the development of bionic industrial processes. Future dissection of the interface mechanism and design of more bionic materials will make bioprocesses more economically favorable and environmentally sustainable.

Effects of anaerobic composting on tetracycline degradation in swine manure

Oxytetracycline(OTC) and tetracycline(TC) are the most common TC antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine.Residual amounts of these antibiotics in manure pose a potential threat to public and ecological health as a result of the potential for them to be released to the environment following land application of manure from animals treated with antibiotics.We investigated the degradation of OTC and TC during anaerobic composting.We tested the effects of temperature and antibiotic concentration on degradation rates in a control and in manure spiked with TCs.We examined changes in p H,biological degradation material(BDM),and moisture corresponding with antibiotic degradation of TCs in the swine manure.Results showed that the OTC and TC concentrations decreased by between 68.54% and 95.50% in all nine treatments following 14 days of anaerobic composting,and the highest removal ef ficiencies were observed at an incubation temperature of 55°C and initial concentrations of 10.36 μg·g^(-1),and 5.96 μg·g^(-1) of OTC and TC,respectively,which were degraded by 95.50%,and 90.06%.During composting at 55 °C and at added concentrations of 5 μg·g^(-1),OTC decreased rapidly,and the time required for50% and 90% degradation was 4.1 and 9.8 days,respectively;for TC,these values were 4.4 and 14.0 days,respectively.Removal ef ficiencies for all TCs correlated well with moisture content of the manure.These results show that composting may be a practical and useful means to reduce concentrations of OTC and TC in swine manure prior to its land application.

Comparative Utilization of Different Fibre Feedstuffs by Weaning/Growing Pigs in the Tropics

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding different fibre feedstuffs on the performance, nutrient utilization and economics of production of weaning/growing pigs. Five fibre feedstuffs--palm kernel cake （PKC）, wheat offal （WO）, corn bran （CB）, rice bran （RB） and brewers＇ dried grain （BDG） were used at 25% in each of the five experimental diets that were formulated in this study. Twenty weaner pigs （12.75 ± 0.6 kg） were used for the growth study while 15 pigs （14.95 ± 0.57 kg） were used for the digestibility study. The design of the experiment was completely randomized. The results of the study showed that the performance of the experimental animals were significantly influenced （P 〈 0.05） by the dietary treatments. The apparent digestibility of the crude protein, crude fiber and ether extract showed significant differences （P 〈 0.05） while there was no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） in the apparent digestibility of their dry matter, ash and nitrogen free extract. The diet that contained WO had the best growth response and apparent nutrient digestibility. Results of economics of production also showed that diet with WO gave the best （P 〈 0.05） value in feed cost/＇kg gain and net profit/animal. It can be concluded from this study that although all the animals fed the different fibre feedstuffs performed satisfactorily on all the parameters monitored, but for optimum growth, apparent nutrients digestibility and economics of production. WO should be used as a fibre feedstuff in the diets of weaning/growing pigs in the tropics.

Influence of dietary Lys levels and dietary net energy levels on growth performance and nitrogen balance of growing pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of L y s ine（Lys） and Net Energy （NE） levels on growth performance （Exp. I） and N balance （Exp. 2） in growing pig. In Exp. 1, 36 castrated pigs [21.35 -4- 0.55 kg of body weight （BW）] were allotted to six treatments with six replicates per treatment. Pigs were fed two levels of Lys （low and high） and three levels of NE （low, med, or high） in a 2×3 factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted for 35 d. There were no effects of dietary Lys and NE on pig performance （P〉0.05, but a Lys×NE interaction in ADG was observed （P〈0.05）. In Exp. 2, 24 pigs were used to determine the effects of diet in Exp. 1 on pig N balance. Neither Lys nor NE level affected N retention （g/d） （P〉0.0）. Lys×NE interaction in N retention （g/d） （P〈0.01） and in N apparent biological value （ABV） （P〈0.05） was observed. Pigs fed the low Lys diet had lower serum urea nitrogen （SUN） concentrations compared with the high Lys treatment （P〈0.01）. Pigs fed the med-NE diet had lower SUN concentrations compared with the pigs fed the low-NE diet （P〈0.1）. These results suggest that pigs from 21 kg to 50 kg BW fed diets containing 0.83% standardized ileal digestible Lysine and 2351 Kcal of NE/kg had maximum ADG and N retention.

Effects of Multi-enzyme Preparations on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and In Vitro Digestibility for Growing Pigs

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzyme supplementations on performance of growing pigs, apparent total tract digestibility （ATTD） and in vitro digestibility （IVD） of nutrients. 224 growing pigs weighing 30-4-1.2 kg were allocated to fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.15 or 0.2 g/kg enzyme preparations in growth trail. Those four diets were used for in vio＇o digestibility study. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets improved average daily gain and decreased ratio of feed/gain （P〈0.05）. Enzyme supplementations increased ATTD of dry matter, energy, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fibre and hemicellulose （P〈0.05）. Supplementation with enzymes improved reducing sugar production and the IVD of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fibre, total arabinoxylans, galacturonic acid, hemicellulose and cellulose. 0.015% enzyme supplementation in diets seemed to be sufficient to achieve maximum growth performance, nutrients digestibilities and reducing sugar production. Collectively, these results suggested that the supplementation of enzymes in diet increased the digestibilities of nutrients through the promotion of NSP degradation, thereby enhancing growth performance of growing pigs.

Proteome Profiles of Longissimus and Biceps Femoris Porcine Muscles Related to Exercise and Resting

Exercise affects muscle metabolism and composition in the untrained muscles. The proteome of muscle tissue will be affected by exercise and resting. This is of economic importance for pork quality where transportation relates to exercise of untrained muscles. Rest reverses exercise effects. The objective of this research was to develop potential protein biomarkers that predict the optimal resting time after exercise related to optimal pork quality. Ten litters of four female pigs were within litter allocated to the four treatment groups： exercise by running on a treadmill for 27 minutes followed by rest for 0, 1, or 3 h; control pigs without exercise. Proteome profiles and biochemical traits measuring energy metabolism and meat quality traits expected to be related to exercise were determined in the Longissimus and the Biceps femoris of the pigs. The results indicated associations between protein abundances in muscles and exercise, resting, and biochemical traits.

怎样写鲜明生动的统计分析报告

有了大批的统计资料,经过加工整理,适时地写些短小精悍、鲜明生动的分析报告,以反映当时当地经济和人民生活中的一些主要情况,这对于地方党政领导来讲,是十分需要和欢迎的.有了大批资料得不到充分利用,领导也不可能全面了解我们倒底有点什么货色,实际上就是一个重大损失.

北京千头以上规模猪场近千个

北京大力发展规模养猪,千头以上规模猪场发展到近千个,使猪肉市场货源大部分依靠从外埠购进的局面彻底改变。据统计,到去年11月底,本市生猪累计出栏已达到350万头,估计去年出栏总数可达390万头。

人人动手抓关键 个个执笔写报告——介绍滦平县的几篇基层统计员写的报告资料

滦平县基层统计工作人员给乡党、政领导写的达四篇小报告,其共同的特点是短小精悍、主题鲜明、抓住了关键.这样的小分析、小报告提供领导后,不仅能促领导上掌握中心工作进展情况,同时能及时解决存在的问题,从而指导各项生产运动的深入开展.这几篇小报告可以充分说明:只要解放思想,破除迷信,动手动脑,不仅县级以上能够抓关键、献关键,而且从事乡、社统计工作的人员也同样能够发现问题,献策、献计.那种把分析研究看成神秘莫测或高不可攀的迷信思想应彻底打破.