浅析植物生理化研究中的DAPI技术

DAPI是最新的DNA荧光染料,目前我国对DAPI技术运用到生物学方面的研究很少。本文将全面的总结DAPI技术运用于植物生理化研究中的成果。结果显示DAPI可以非常清楚的显示植物原本质体细胞核、细胞类核及花粉核的DNA。同时也适用于显微分光光侧研究,希望DAPI技术能够为以后的相关研究提供更大的帮助。

种子老化的生理化与分子机理研究进展

种子发芽率和活力以及生活力的降低,直接受种子老化和劣变的影响,对种胚的幼苗生长和正常发育的抑制,大幅度地降低了植物生产品质和水平。本文对种子老化生理化和分机理进行了分析和研究。

硒对油菜苗期生长和生理生化指标的影响

应用土培与水培相结合的盆栽方式,研究不同补硒浓度对油菜苗期生长及生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,叶绿素的含量随硒浓度的升高而增加。不同浓度硒处理都比对照能保持根系的生长活力,在补硒浓度〈9.0μg·mL^-1处理时,能提高根冠比;补硒浓度〈15.0μg·mL^-1范围内,随补硒浓度的增加,根系的生物量亦增加;在补硒浓度〈21.0μg·mL^-1时,根系的还原活力随硒浓度上升而增加;但高浓度硒处理时,根系的还原活力降低、根冠比下降、根系的生物量减少。当补硒浓度〈15.0μg·mL^-1时,过氧化物酶（peroxidase）、硝酸还原酶（NR）、淀粉酶（amylase）的活力均随补硒浓度的增加而提高,在15.0-24.0μg·mL^-1时,则随硒浓度的增加而降低;过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶的活力在高硒浓度时均比对照高,但淀粉酶的活力低于对照;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性随补硒浓度增加而增加。

植物抗冷性生理生化研究进展

低温胁迫是影响植物正常生长的主要障碍因子之一,植物尤其是经济作物的抗冷性强弱直接影响作物产量。近二十年来,广大学者已对植物抗冷性进行了大量研究,对植物抗冷性生理生化机理及各生理生化指标与植物抗冷性的关系有了更深入的了解;通过分子标记技术,在分子水平上对植物抗冷性基因进行分析,获得了部分与抗冷性有关的基因。

温度和水分对大蒜生理生化特性的影响

大蒜是生活中很常见的食物之一,它具有食用性及药用价值,也是人们生活中不可或缺的一种食材。但是,大蒜的种植对温度和水分等地理环境的要求是比较严格的。为了更好的种植大蒜,我们需要对大蒜的生长过程中的温度和水分的影响做出具体的分析,并得出最适宜大蒜生长所需的温度和水分,促进大蒜的优质生长,提高产量。

壳聚糖对大枣的冷藏保鲜效果

以扁核酸大枣(Ziziphus jujuba)品种为材料,5℃下冷藏,采用不同浓度壳聚糖处理枣果,研究壳聚糖处理对大枣冷藏品质、生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,经壳聚糖处理后,冷藏期间枣果硬度下降速度明显减缓,可溶性固形物含量上升速度及幅度下降,丙二醛含量增加速度被显著抑制,呼吸强度被抑制,POD、CAT活性显著增强。壳聚糖处理可提高大枣冷藏保鲜效果,在不同浓度的壳聚糖处理中,以2.0%、3.0%壳聚糖浓度处理保鲜效果更好。

心肌内注射17β-雌二醇纳米粒对大鼠心肌梗死影响的研究

目的探讨心肌内局部注射17β-雌二醇纳米粒对大鼠心肌梗死后血管生成、梗死面积、死亡率的影响。方法以聚乳酸和乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒为载体制备17β-雌二醇纳米粒,评价其理化性质及体内、体外药物释放参数。将75只SD雌鼠制备去卵巢心肌梗死模型,制模成功60只大鼠随机分为实验组(梗死边缘区注射17β-雌二醇纳米粒4mg/100g)、实验对照组(梗死边缘区注射空白纳米粒4mg/100g)和空白对照组(仅制备去卵巢心肌梗死模型),每组20只。1个月后免疫组织化学法检测心肌梗死边缘区毛细血管密度(MVD)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)累积吸光度(A)值,并测量梗死面积。结果17β-雌二醇从PLGA纳米粒载体中缓慢释放1个月,与空白对照组和实验对照组比较,实验组心肌梗死1个月后梗死边缘区MVD增加(P<0.05),eNOSA值增多(P<0.05),梗死面积减小(P<0.05),死亡率无升高(P=1.000)。结论心肌内局部注射17β-雌二醇纳米粒可以促使大鼠心肌梗死后心肌毛细血管生成,减少心肌梗死面积,不增加死亡率。

Vascular Calcification:Where is the Cure?

With the progress of aging,the incidence of vascular calcification(VC)gradually increases,which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death,aggravating global clinical burden.Over the past several decades,accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC.Unfortunately,none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC.The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.

Research and development on mechanism of removal of indoor volatile organic compounds by plants

Background,aim,and scope Owing to the rapid development of modernisation and urbanisation,living standards have gradually improved.However,the widespread use of high-energy-consuming indoor appliances and furniture has made indoor environments a primary environmental problem affecting human health.Sick building syndrome(SBS)and building-related illness(BRI)have occurred,and indoor air conditions have been extensively studied.Common indoor pollutants include CO,CO_(2),volatile organic compounds(VOCs)(such as the formaldehyde and benzene series),NOx(NO and NO_(2)),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).VOCs have replaced SO_(2)as the“The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan”urban air quality assessment new indicators.Indoor VOCs can cause diseases such as cataract,asthma,and lung cancer.To protect human health,researchers have proposed several indoor air purification technologies,including adsorption,filtration,electrostatic dust removal,ozonation,and plant purification.However,each technology has drawbacks,such as high operating costs,high energy consumption,and the generation of secondary waste or toxic substances.Plant degradation of VOCs as a bioremediation technology has the characteristics of low cost,high efficiency,and sustainability,thereby becoming a potential green solution for improving indoor air quality.This study introduces the research status and mechanism of plant removal of indoor VOCs and provides an experimental basis and scientific guidance for analysing the mechanism of plant degradation of pollutants.Materials and methods This study reviews studies on the harm caused by indoor pollutants to human health and related sources,mainly investigating the degradation of indoor formaldehyde,BTEX(benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,and xylene)plant mechanisms,and research results.Results Plants can remove VOCs via stomatal and non-stomatal adsorption,interfoliar microbial,rhizosphere microbial,and growth media.Benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX)are adsorbed by pores,hydroxylated into fumaric acid,and then removed into CO_(2) and H_(2)O by TCA.Formaldehyde enters plant leaves through the stomata and epidermal waxy substances and is adsorbed.After the two steps of enzymatic oxidation,formic acid and CO_(2) are generated.Finally,it enters the Calvin cycle and removes glucose and other nontoxic compounds.Discussion The non-stomatal degradation of VOCs can be divided into adsorption by cuticular wax and active adsorption by plant surface microorganisms.The leaf epidermal waxy matter content and the lipid composition of the epidermal membrane covering the plant surface play important roles in the non-stomatal adsorption of indoor air pollutants.The leaf margin of a plant is an ecological environment containing various microbial communities.The endophytic and inoculated microbiota in plant buds and leaves can remove VOCs(formaldehyde and BTEX).Formaldehyde can be directly absorbed by plant leaves and converted into organic acids,sugars,CO_(2) and H_(2)O by microbes.Bioremediation of indoor VOCs is usually inefficient,leading to plant toxicity or residual chemical substance volatilisation through leaves,followed by secondary pollution.Therefore,plants must be inoculated with microorganisms to improve the efficiency of plant degradation of VOCs.However,the effectiveness of interfoliar microbial removal remains largely unknown and several microorganisms are not culturable.Therefore,methods for collecting,identifying,and culturing microorganisms must be developed.As the leaf space is a relatively unstable environment,the degradation of VOCs by rhizosphere microorganisms is equally important,and formaldehyde is absorbed more by rhizosphere microorganisms at night.The inoculation of bacteria into the rhizosphere improves the efficiency of plants in degrading VOCs.However,most of these studies were conducted in simulation chambers.To ensure the authenticity of these conclusions,the ability of plants to remove indoor air pollutants must be further verified in real situations.Conclusions Plant purification is an economical,environment-friendly,and sustainable remediation technology.This review summarises the mechanisms of VOC plant degradation and presents its limitations.Simultaneously,it briefly puts forward a plant selection scheme according to different temperatures,light,and specific VOCs that can be absorbed to choose the appropriate plant species.However,some studies have denied the purification effect of plants and proposed that numerous plants are required to achieve indoor ventilation effects.Therefore,determining the ability of plants to remove indoor VOCs requires a combination of realistic and simulated scenarios.Recommendations and perspectives Plants and related microorganisms play an important role in improving indoor air quality,therefore,the effect of plants and the related microorganisms on improving indoor air quality must be studied further and the effect of plants on indoor VOCs will be the focus of future research.

Influence of Water Stress on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi

Previous studies have shown that water stress can stimulate biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and physiological and biochemical characteristics of plant can play a key role in its defense responses to water stress.So the physiological and biochemical characteristics of potted Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi plants were investigated under continuous water stress condition.The results showed that the water content in roots,stems and leaves,together with chlorophyll content of the leaves decreased as the water stress strengthened.Simultaneously,the specific leaf weight increased,and the content of proline and soluble sugar in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi leaves increased significantly.The changing trends of the baicalin content in the roots,stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were different.It increased continuously in roots,while ascended constantly in the stems and leaves during the early days under the water stress,but decreased sharply under the heavy stress.In conclusion,proline and soluble sugar had a close correlation with the drought resistance of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.Moderate drought is in favor of synthesizing the secondary metabolites.

Screening of Drought-tolerant Brassica napus L.Varieties and Analysis on Their Physiologic and Biochemical Variations under Drought Stress

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen drought-tolerant Brassica napus L. germplasm resources by analyzing their physiological and biochemical changes under drought stress. [Method] Forty varieties of B. napus varieties were cultured under PEG-6000 osmotic stress and extreme drought stress in pots, re- spectively. Then, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, malondialdehyde （MDA）, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase（CAT）, peroxidase（POD） were measured under drought stress. [Result] Sever- al drought-tolerant varieties of B. napus were screened out： YAU200908, Xiangyou No.15, YAU200903, YAU200907, YAU200906 and YAU200904. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid de- creased with drought stress increasing; the contents of proline, soluble sugar, solu- ble protein, MDA and the activities of SOD,CAT, POD raised with drought stress in- creasing. [Conclusion] In the rapeseed varieties with stronger drought tolerance, the decrease in carotenoid content and the increase in proline content, soluble sugar content, MDA content, SOD activity, CAT activity were more obvious, so all these physiological and biochemical indices can be used to evaluate the drought tolerance of rapeseed.

Advances in Physiological-biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms of Seed Aging in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of natural aging or artifi- cial aging methods, it was reported that quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of seed stora- bility in rice were widely distributed on the chromosomes except the 10th chromo- some. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses in the research on physiological- biochemical and genetic mechanisms of seed aging, and analyzed the existing problems and developing prospect in molecular breeding of rice with improved seed storability, in order to provide reference for the basic research and genetic improve- ment of rice seed storabUity.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic of a Stripe Mutant with Abnormal Flower Organs in Rice

[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore physiological and biochemical changes of leaves after plants were mutated. [Method] A rice double mutant with stripes on stems, leaves and spikelets were taken as experimental materials to study the enzyme activity changes in different growth stages and amino acid variation in rice. [ Result] The SOD activity in mutant was higher than that in wild plant at tillering metaphase, but lower than that in wild type before heading stage and late flowering; the POD activity in three stages increased firstly then declined and the activity showed highest maximal activity at before heading stage. However, the POD activity in wild type showed the opposite change trend; the CAT activity presented degression at three stages, especially high at tillering metaphase, but reverse changes in wild type; the MDA activity decreased at three stages, but it was still higher than that in wild type, besides, the soluble sugar content of mutant was lower, but total amino acid content was increased. [ Conclusion] The expression of mutant characteristics was correlated with SOD, POD, CAT and MDA activity Changes and these changes made the mutant survive and rice quality change at last.

Research Progress of Heat-tolerance of Brassica campestris ssp. Chinensis

Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis, also known as non-heading Chinese cabbage, is an important vegetable widely distributed in southern China. High temperature is the most common adversity factor in vegetable production, because Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis is a thermophilic vegetable, which can＇t well grow at high temperature. In summer and autumn, high temperature stress would prevent Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis from growing and result in poor quality of its seedlings, seriously influencing yield and quality of the vegetable in later period. In this paper, present situation and latest advances in heat resistance research of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis in recent years were reviewed at home and abroad. The research tendency in Bassica campestris ssp. chinensis was also described, providing reference for breeding of heat-resistant Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis.

Effects of Cadmium Pollution in Soil on Physiological and Biochemical Index of Allium sativum L.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution in soil on physiological and biochemical index of Allium sativum L. and provided reference for the recovery of cadmium pollution in soil. [Method]By setting eleven Cd concentrations from 0.21 to 500 mg/kg in soil and the pot test, ecological corresponding mechanism of plant height, chlorophyll (Chl) content, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of Allium sativum L. was analyzed. [Result] The plant height had a strong tolerance to cadmium pollution in soil, while the total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a content had no significant difference compared with control treatment, except Cd concentration was 500 mg/kg. The high Cd concentration would increase the damage to membrane of Allium sativum L. however with the regulation of physiological mechanism, the damage was gradually decreased.[Conclusion] Allium sativum L. had strong eco-physiological adaptability to Cd contaminated soil and it had potential for recovering Cd contaminated soil.

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Chinese Cabbage to La and Zn Stresses

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by tissue culture method. [Result] La and Zn had little effects on seed germination rate, but significantly inhibited the growth of root and seedling, decreased their fresh weight at higher concentration; the inhibition of La proved higher on Chinese cabbage. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increased at lower concentrations of La and Zn, but decreased at higher concentrations. With increasing doses of La and Zn, the activities of CAT and POD rose gradually, while SOD activity decreased at lower doses and increased at higher doses. Both of La and Zn would promote Of. producing and MDA accumulation. [Conclusion] In higher concentration, La was more poisonous than Zn. It is clear that the poisonous mechanism of La is similar to that of Zn. Hence, La is possibly a kind of new pollutant.

Effects of Remaining Leaf Combining with IBA on Rooting,Physiological and Biochemical Indicators of Leaves from Bougainvillea spectabilis Cuttings

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects on rooting,physiological and biochemical indicators of Bougainvillea spectabilis cuttings by remaining leaf combining with soaking cuttings in IBA.[Method] Effects of remaining leaf combining with IBA on rooting,physiological and biochemical indicators of B.spectabilis cuttings were studied under the regulation and control of intelligent seed propagation system,and then set four treatments：remaining leaf combining with soaking in clean water,remaining leaf combining with soaking in IBA,defoliation combining soaking in clean water,and defoliation combining with soaking in IBA.[Result] The soluble sugar content was high,but indoleacetic acid oxidase activity was lower in the initial stage of adventitious root differentiation in treatment of remaining leaf.While the rooting number,root length,the root mass growth and survival rate of cutting were obviously higher than that in treatment of defoliation.Compared to the treatment soaking in clean water,the treatment soaking in 500×10^-6 IBA increased the soluble sugar content in leaves of cuttings and enhanced rooting of cuttings.[Conclusion] The survival rate and rooting of cuttings improved obviously in the treatment of remaining leaf combining with soaking in 500×10^-6 IBA before cutting under the regulation and control of intelligent seed propagation system.

Seasonal Variation of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of White-tibetan Sheep

In this study, to understand the variation regulation of physiological and biochemical indexs of White-Tibetan sheep with seasons, the physiological and bio- chemical indexs of White-Tibetan sheep in Hongyuan Areas of Sichuan Province in four seasons were measured. The results showed that the respiratory change range of white-Tibetan sheep in four seasons was from （32.74±21.33） to （49.96±17.62） times/min, and the variation ranges of body temperature and heart rate were from （39.27±1.05） to （39.73±0.31） ℃ and from （88.75±8.32） to （104.63±10.39） times/min, respectively. The indexes of WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC in autumn and winter were extremely significantly lower than those in spring and summer, while RBC,HCT and RDW-CV in autumn and winter were extremely significantly higher than those in spring and summer, HGB and PLT changed in different seasons with no signifi- cance. The indexes of AST,TP, ALB, GLO and LDH in summer and autumn were relatively higher than those in winter and spring, while the indexes of PCHE, GLU, CHOL and CA in summer and autumn were relatively lower than those in winter and spring, however, the indexes of ALT and ALP were relatively higher in spring and autumn.

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Different Maize Cultivars

[Objective] This paper aimed to investigate the effects of cadmium（Cd）stress on physiological and biochemical indexes in different maize cultivars and provide theoretical basis for the study on heavy metal ecotoxicology.[Method] The maize cultivars includeing Tienan 2,Yingdan 11 and Zhengdan 958 which were widely planted in Liaoning Province were selected as the experimental materials.And then the effects of different Cd2＋ concentrations on seed germination,physiological and biochemical indexes of young seedlings were investigated.[Result] The lower Cd2＋ concentration showed some the stimulation effect on seed germination of maize,while the higher concentration had obvious inhibitory effect to some extend.The seed germination of all the maize verities was obviously inhibited when the Cd2＋ concentration was more than 5 mg/L.And with the increasing of the Cd2＋ concentration,the seedling growth,exosmic conductivity and chlorophyll content of the maize varieties with different tolerance to Cd2＋ were distinctly changed.[Conclusion] The resistance of Tienan 2 to Cd2＋ was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties.

浅议网络德育存在的问题与对策

网络环境具有去生理化,去抑制化等新特点,必须提高学生的自律性,加强对学生的网络道德教育。