高温矿井热湿环境对人体机能的影响

矿井高温热害及其治理已成为国内外采矿界公认的科技难题,矿井降温技术已成为高温矿井正常安全生产、企业发展的瓶颈技术和关键技术。随着矿井开采深度逐渐增加,作业人员的安全及职业健康问题愈加突出,尤其是高温高湿环境下矿工的健康问题。研究热湿环境对人体机能的影响尺度,可为更好地调节高温矿井热湿环境提供依据和借鉴。针对3个高温金属矿井,选取不同中段的5个作业点(其环境温度范围分别为23~26℃、27~30℃、31~34℃、35~38℃、39~42℃,湿度范围介于60%~70%、70%~80%、80%~90%三个区间,风速调控为0.5 m/s、1.5 m/s、2.5 m/s),对50名矿工(10个作业小组)进行生理、心理及行为测量。通过测量及数据分析得到热湿环境下人体各机能参数的变化趋势,结论为温度27℃以下、湿度60%~70%、风速0.5 m/s为矿工作业环境的舒适范围。温度超过27℃,湿度超过70%时,需采取降温除湿措施改善井下作业条件。

Effect of water restrictions on the physiological parameters,psychological behavior and brain c-Fos expression in rat

Objective In order to characterize the feature of stress response induced by stressor with both physical and psychological natures, the effect of water restriction performed in different experimental modes on the physiological parameters, psychological behavioral manifestations and brain c-Fos expressions were observed and compared. Methods 58 male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into three experimental groups （n=18 for each） and a control group （n=4）. In control group, the rats were allowed to access drinking water freely at all experimental period. In the experimental groups the water supply to the rats was restricted. In timed water supply （TW） group, the water was supplied twice a day, 10 min for each in fixed hours every day. In empty bottle-served （EB） and water-restricted （WR） groups, the water was served only once a day for 10 min, either in the early morning or evening, and in the other time point scheduled for water supply only an empty bottle without water was provided in the EB group and nothing was given in the WR group. The quantities of drank water and eaten food, weight-gaining, and behavior score were observed every day. The serum level of corticosterone was assayed and the rats were sacrificed with fixative perfusion of 3 d, 7 d or 14 d respectively, following water restriction （n=6 for each time point in each group）. The brain c-Fos expressions were examined with immunohistochemistry. Results The slowing down of weight-gaining, rise of serum corticosterone level, occurrence of psychological behavioral manifestations of unpeaceful restlessness such as exploring and attacking, enhance of c-Fos expression in the subfomical organ （SFO）, median preoptic nucleus （MnPO）, area postrema （AP）, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus （PVN）, supraoptic nucleus （SON）, medial （MeA） and central （CeA） amygdaloid nucleus and ventrolateral septum （LSV） were noticed in both EB and WR groups, except the nucleus of solitary tract （NTS） in which the Fos expression was decreased. The changes of Fos expression in most of nuclei in EB group began at day 3, at least persisted till day 7, and backed down at day 14. While in WR group, similar changes started at day 7 and reached its peak at day 14. In TW group, only the concentration of corticosterone at day 7 was slightly increased and the rest indexes observed were unchanged. Conclusion The results indicate that water restriction induces physical as well as psychological stress responses. And the water restrictions experimentally executed in different modes result in different manifestations of behavioral response and brain immediately early gene expression in discrete brain nuclei/regions.

脑卒中后抑郁大鼠血清中IL-2,TNF-a改变

脑卒中后抑郁是年来新的研究方向。虽然刚刚起步,但是因其在临床上的重要作用,和对人们严重的不良影响越来越受到重视。越来越多的研究表明脑卒中发生发展不仅与人生理心理行为有关,也与免疫系统异常有关。那么卒中后抑郁是否也涉及免疫系统呢。本文研究了脑卒中后抑郁大鼠血清中IL-2,TNF-a变化。以期找到新的临床治疗靶点。1材料清洁级健康成年雄性sD大鼠（鼠龄l2～15月）,体质量（320±30）g。由中国医科大学动物中心提供并饲养，饲养期间给予大鼠标准颗粒饲料及纯净饮水。

武警部队“魔鬼周”极限训练伤病调查与分析

“魔鬼周”极限训练是武警部队特有的训练组织形式,是检验部队实战化训练水平和实战能力的“试金石”[1]。目前,武警部队“魔鬼周”极限训练已经成为常态,有着较为完整的指导方案和组织流程,但针对武警部队“魔鬼周”极限训练的卫勤保障,各组训单位还处于自行探索、摸着石头过河阶段,这就导致目前的“魔鬼周”极限训练卫勤保障工作呈现出“开展困难,效果不佳,官兵满意度低”的状况[2]。因此,对武警部队“魔鬼周”极限训练卫勤保障工作开展研究,了解训练期间参训官兵伤病发生情况以及生理、心理及行为变化情况,发现问题,提出对策建议,对于保障“魔鬼周”极限训练任务的圆满完成具有重要意义,同时也可为军队其他实战化军事训练的卫勤保障工作提供借鉴[3]。