The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative...The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stern cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.展开更多
Early diagnosis of and adequate therapy for premalignant lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and Barrett’s esophagus(BE)has been shown to decrease mortality.Endoscopic examination with histologic e...Early diagnosis of and adequate therapy for premalignant lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and Barrett’s esophagus(BE)has been shown to decrease mortality.Endoscopic examination with histologic evaluation of random and targeted biopsies remains the gold standard for early detection and adequate treatment of neoplasia in both these diseases.Although eventual patient management(including surveillance and treatment)depends upon a precise histologic assessment of the initial biopsy,accurately diagnosing and grading IBD-and BE-associated dysplasia is still considered challenging by many general as well as subspecialized pathologists.Additionally,there are continuing updates in the literature regarding the diagnosis,surveillance,and treatment of these disease entities.This comprehensive review discusses the cancer risk,detailed histopathological features,diagnostic challenges,and updates as well as the latest surveillance and treatment recommendations in IBD-and BE-associated dysplasia.展开更多
文摘The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stern cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.
文摘Early diagnosis of and adequate therapy for premalignant lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and Barrett’s esophagus(BE)has been shown to decrease mortality.Endoscopic examination with histologic evaluation of random and targeted biopsies remains the gold standard for early detection and adequate treatment of neoplasia in both these diseases.Although eventual patient management(including surveillance and treatment)depends upon a precise histologic assessment of the initial biopsy,accurately diagnosing and grading IBD-and BE-associated dysplasia is still considered challenging by many general as well as subspecialized pathologists.Additionally,there are continuing updates in the literature regarding the diagnosis,surveillance,and treatment of these disease entities.This comprehensive review discusses the cancer risk,detailed histopathological features,diagnostic challenges,and updates as well as the latest surveillance and treatment recommendations in IBD-and BE-associated dysplasia.
