变温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子内含抑制物的生理活性变化

为了探明圆齿野鸦椿种子发芽抑制物的存在部位及其在贮藏过程中抑制活性的变化情况,于变温层积(4℃冷温层积3个月、25℃暖温层积3个月、4℃冷温层积3个月)各阶段前、后分别取种子测定其种仁和种壳中内含抑制物的生理活性;并分别以甲醇和蒸馏水为浸提剂,制备圆齿野鸦椿种仁、种壳浸提液,研究各浸提液对白菜种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响,以分析在变温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子内含抑制物的生理活性变化情况。结果表明:圆齿野鸦椿种仁和种壳中均含有发芽抑制物和生长抑制物;随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,抑制物生理活性逐渐增强;甲醇浸提液抑制物的生理活性极显著高于蒸馏水浸提液抑制物;种仁浸提液抑制物的生理活性极显著高于种壳浸提液抑制物。随着变温层积处理的进行,种子内含抑制物生理活性逐渐降低,但种子经变温层积9个月后,以0.20 mg·L-1的种仁甲醇浸提液处理的白菜种子其相对发芽率仅为46.7%,白菜幼苗的相对茎长为34.3%、相对根长为41.7%,这表明圆齿野鸦椿种子经9个月的变温层积处理后其抑制物的生理活性仍较强,说明该种子具有深度休眠的特性。

红曲霉有效成分的生理活性及应用研究

本文结合课题研究结果，综述红曲霉产生有效的成分；红曲色素，抗菌活性物，酶类活性，药理活性物，麦角固醇等方面的研究现状和新的进展。

开发灵芝类保健食品的研究

一、市场需求与开发灵芝保健食品。随着经济的迅速发展，国际交往的日益增多，人们对食品的需求将发生巨大变化。预测我国二十一世纪的食品应该满足健美、方便、适合个性这样三项标准。为此，开发灵芝类保健食品，对于人类健康、满足市场需求和创造市场需求都具有重要的现实意义。

A Bioactive Diterpene from the Chinese Herb Aster souliei

Aster souliei Franch, (Compositae) is a. herbaceous plant distributed innorth China. It has been used in folk medicine as antipyretic, detoxicant, expectorant andantitussive. In an effort to find biologically active components from Chinese medicinal plants ' ,we have examined the aerial parts of this herb, leading to the isolation of a clerodane-typediterpene, 18, 19-dihydroxy-5α, 10β-neo-cleroda-3, 13 (l4)-dien-16, 15-butenolide (1). In thispaper we report the structural elucidation, and the antitumor and antibacterial activities of thiscompound. It was found that 1 possesses moderate cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells (HL-60)and activity against microorganisms.

Effect of Protective Cultivation Patterns of Rice in Cold Areas on Soil Physiological and Biochemical Status in Paddy Field

[Objective] The research aimed to explore how to use the soil reasonably,prevent the degradation of soil fertility,maintain soil fertility,improve the ecological environment of paddy field and improve the soil productivity of paddy field from the cultivation aspect.[Method] Taking kenjiandao 10 as the material,the variation laws of root weight,soil physical and chemical characteristics,soil enzyme,straw decomposition rate,soil temperature,microorganism of rice under the planting patterns of water-saving pro...

Impacts of global warming on marine zooplankton

Global warming has been being a serious issue since 1980, and it impacts environment and biosphere. Here, we reviewed the physiological and ecological responses of marine zooplankton which is an important component of biosphere to the global warming. Much research on physiological changes in response to different temperature is given to discuss this issue. Furthermore, we focused on ecological changes of zooplankton to global warming and several indices such as abundance, biomass, biodiversity and biogeographic boundary are enumerated. Phenological changes of zooplankton were presented, followed by the prospects of this subject, viz. observing more functional groups, more concerning on zooplankton in tropical region and investigation on a species-level zooplankton system.

STUDY AND SIMULATION OF AN ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT FOR METHYL VIOLET WASTE WATER

This paper researched a promising biological treatment of methyl violet waste water by methods of activated sludge.Effects of temperature and pH were studied on this process.Kinetic equation of the substrate biodegradation was investigated in the experimental range.It was studied and simulated that flow within the bubble region of this bioreactor according to the κ ε two fluid equation.Simulation results agree well with experimental data.

珙桐种子层积过程中抑制物活性的变化

为探明珙桐种子不同部位内源抑制物含量及其在层积过程中的变化情况,分别取层积12、16个月的珙桐种子,以甲醇和丙酮为提取剂,制备其种仁(胚和胚乳)、种壳的浸提液,分析各浸提液对白菜籽发芽的影响。结果表明:珙桐种仁和种壳中均含有发芽抑制物质;随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,抑制物生理活性增强;种仁浸提液抑制物的生理活性显著高于种壳浸提液;种仁甲醇浸提液抑制物的生理活性显著高于丙酮浸提液,而两种提取剂中,种壳浸提液的生理活性差异不显著。低温层积12个月再变温层积4个月后,珙桐种子内源抑制物的生理活性显著降低,但此时种仁0.09 g/m L的甲醇浸提液对白菜籽的发芽指数仍有显著的抑制作用,表明此时种仁中仍含有一定量的抑制物质。

The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

Only a small number of cells in adult tissues （the stem cells） possess the ability to self-renew at every cell division, while producing differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis for an organism＇s lifetime. The Drosophila ovary harbors three different types of stem cell populations （germline stem cell （GSC）, somatic stem cell （SSC） and escort stem cell （ESC）） located in a simple anatomical structure known as germarium, rendering it one of the best model systems for studying stem cell biology due to reliable stem cell identification and available sophisticated genetic tools for manipulating gene functions. Particularly, the niche for the GSC is among the first and best studied ones, and studies on the GSC and its niche have made many unique contributions to a better understanding of relationships between stem cells and their niche. So far, both the GSC and the SSC have been shown to be regulated by extrinsic factors originating from their niche and intrinsic factors functioning within. Multiple signaling pathways are required for controlling GSC and SSC self-renewal and differentiation, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how multiple signals from the niche are interpreted in the stem cell. Since the Drosophila ovary contains three types of stem cells, it also provides outstanding opportunities to study how multiple stem cells in a given tissue work collaboratively to contribute to tissue function and maintenance. This review highlights recent major advances in studying Drosophila ovarian stem cells and also discusses future directions and challenges.

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Artificial Wetland Plant under Electric Field

By measuring wetland plants chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde(MDA) content and superoxide dismutase(SOD) enzyme activity,the changes of wetland plant physiological characeristics under different power strength were studied,and the mechanism of electric field on plant physiological characteristics was analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the pollutant removal ability strengthening of artificial wetland under electricfield.The results showed that compared with the control plants,low-intensity-voltage(1 V and 3 V) had no significant effect on the normal physiological and biochemical indexes of the plants,and the growth trend was better than the control group;with the voltage increasing,plant chlorophyll content,MDA content and SOD activity were greatly affected,indicating that plants were under strong oxidative stress,and the growth was damaged.Therefore,a suitable electric field could enhance the sewage treatment effect of constructed wetland.

Heme oxygenase-1 system and gastrointestinal inflammation:A short review

Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) system catalyzes heme to biologically active products:carbon monoxide,biliverdin/bilirubin and free iron.It is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and many physiological and pathophysiological processes.A growing body of evidence indicates that HO-1 activation may play an important protective role in acute and chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tract.This review focuses on the current understanding of the physiological significance of HO-1 induction and its possible roles in the gastrointestinal inflammation studied to date.The ability to upregulate HO-1 by pharmacological means or using gene therapy may offer therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal inflammation in the future.

Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Pseudomonas putida GM6 from Activated Sludge

The enhanced biological phosphorus removal （EBPR） method is widely adopted for phosphorus removal from wastewater, yet little is known about its microbiological and molecular mechanisms. Therefore, it is difficult to predict and control the deterioration of the EBPR process in a large-scale municipal sewage treatment plant. This study used a novel strain isolated in the laboratory, Pseudomonas putida GM6, which had a high phosphate accumulating ability and could recover rapidly from the deteriorated system and enhance the capability of phosphorus removal in activated sludge. Strain GM6 marked with gfp gene, which was called GMTR, was delivered into a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor （SBR） of low efficiency, to investigate the colonization of GMTR and removal of phosphorus. After 21 days, the proportion of GMTR in the total bacteria of the sludge reached 9.2%, whereas the phosphorus removal rate was 96%, with an effluent concentration of about 0.2 mg L^-1. In the reactor with the addition of GMTR, phosphorus was removed quickly, in 1 h under anaerobic conditions, and in 2 h under aerobic conditions. These evidences were characteristic of EBPR processes. Field testing was conducted at a hospital sewage treatment facility with low phosphorus removal capability. Twentyone days after Pseudomonas putida GM6 was added, effluent phosphorus concentration remained around 0.3 mg L^-1, corresponding to a removal rate of 96.8%. It was therefore demonstrated that Pseudomonas putida GM6 could be used for a quick startup and enhancement of wastewater biological phosphorus removal, which provided a scientific basis for potential large-scale engineering application.

Adsorption of Acetanilide Herbicides on Soil and Its Components: Ⅳ. Sorption of Acetanilide Herbicides on Soils and its Correlation with Soil Properties

Sorption of acetanilide herbicides, metolachlor, acetochlor, pretilachlor and butachlor on eight soils with various physical and chemical properties was studied. The adsorption isotherms could fit Freundich equation well (r 2 ≥0.91) and the adsorption extents increased in the order: metolachlor < acetochlor < pratilachlor < butachlor. The product of Freundlich adsorption constants, Kf (1/n), showed to have a good correlation with organic matter content (OM) of soils for each of these herbicides, suggesting that OM is the primary factor dominating in the adsorption process of these asetanilide herbicides. Multivariant correlation regression between Kf (1/n) and two factors, water solubility (S.) of herbicides and OM, was also performed. Kf(1/n) correlated with 1/S. and OM/S. well, showing that high S. corresponds to a weak tendency to adsorb on soils. Infrared (IR) spectra and electron spin resonance (ESR) parameters confirmed that multifunctional H-bonds and charge-transfer bonds were the main adsorption mechanisms of these acetanilide herbicides. The abilities of herbicides to form these adsorption bonds with HA increased in the same order as the extent of adsorption.

Do deposed adult male Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana roam as solitary bachelors or continue to interact with former band members?

Dispersal patterns exhibited by group-living animals play an important role in individual reproductive success and survival, as well as population and social dynamics （Greenwood, 1980; Isbell and van Vuren, 1996; Kappeler and van Schaik, 2002）. Dispersing individuals may emigrate voluntarily, or they may be forcibly evicted by other individuals （Pusey and Packer, 1987; Clobert et al. , 2001 ）. One cause of individual dispersal is when an extra-group male compels another male to leave a group of females. This phenomenon has been well documented in primates, especially Old World monkey species （ e.g. Colobus vellerosus ： Saj and Sicotte, 2005 ; Erythrocebus patas ： Ohsawa, 2003 ; Macaca fascicularis ： van Noordwiik and van Schaik, 2001）.

Improving AOC degradation rate by intensified biological process in advanced water treatment

The object of is to evaluate assimilable organic carbon（AOC） degradation rate by intensified biological technique in advanced water treatment. By artificially acclimating and cultivating strains attached onto carbon surface, the selected strains can be intensified for their degradation to organic matters. The research indicates that ozonation process increases AOC concentration considerably, however, it is beneficial to microdegradation. Temperature and empty bed contact time （ TEBC ） are two important factors affecting microbiology. From 14 to 27 ℃, intensified biological carbon can remove AOC better compared with granular activated carbon （GAC）. Under identical TERC, intensified technique increases more than 10% AOC reduction.

Rheological and Structural Properties of Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus During Heat Treatment

Changes in tissue structure, rheological properties and water content of raw and heated sea cucumber meat were studied. Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus was heated at 25℃, 70℃ and 100℃ water for 5 min. The structural changes were observed using a light microscope and the rheological parameters （rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation） determined using a texture meter. Microscopic photograph revealed that the structural change of heated meat was greater than that of raw meat. The rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation of raw meat were smaller than those of the heated meat. Meanwhile, rheological parameters showed positive correlation with heating temperature. These changes are mainly caused by thermal denaturation and gelatinization of collagen during heating. These changes were also evidenced in observations using a light microscope and differential scanning calorimetry.

Physicochemical Parameters for Biological and Synthetic Surfactants Used as Detergents

Biological and synthetic surfactants were compared in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial tension, change the thermodynamic characteristics of a pre-conditioned surface, and to modify the rheological properties of their respective formulations at two different temperatures. Both classes of suffactants were able to reduce the inteffacial tension of their formulations to a similar level. However, the biosurfactants were more effective than the synthetics surfactants. Biosurfactants also altered the surface properties of stainless steel, rendering it hydrophilic. Microbial adhesion to stainless steel conditioned with biosurfactants was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable for all microbial strains tested. A linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate was obtained across a range of experimental conditions for all surfactant mixtures, indicating that all formulations behaved as Newtonian fluids.

Influence of heavy metal stress on morphology and physiology of Penicillium chrysogenum during bioleaching process

In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrysogenum during bioleaching.The morphology and physiology of P.chrysogenum were observed.Assuming that the heavy metals are all leached out from the experiment soil,heavy metals are added into the agar medium by simulating the heavy metal content in the soil.It is concluded that the survivable heavy metal contaminated soil mass range for P.chrysogenum is 2.5-5.0 g.As for biomass determination,the contaminated soil is added into the liquid medium directly.The soil mass that P.chrysogenum can be survivable is in the range of 2.5-8.75 g.In this mass range,the biomass of P.chrysogenum is bigger than that of the control sample.10 g soil mass is the threshold of the growth of P.chrysogenum.102.2 mg/L gluconic acid,156.4 mg/L oxalic acid,191.6 mg/L pyruvic acid,0.02 mg/L citric acid,0.03 mg/L malic acid and 70.6 mg/L succinic acid are determined after 15 d bioleaching.The mycelium is broken into fragments,and heavy metals are adsorbed on the cell wall or transported into the cytoplasm during bioleaching.The GOD activity declines from 1.08 U/mL to 0.2 U/mL under 400 mg/L of multi-metal stress.The influence of Pb on GOD activity is bigger than that of Cr and Cd,and the GOD activity is not influenced apparently by Mn,Zn and Cu.

A Mew Technique to Rapidly Test Agrochemicai Residues In Fruits and Vegetables

Extraction of AchE, relationship between substrate and enzyme concentration, and inhibition effects of the agrochemicals to AchE are discussed in this paper. Through the re-search, the proper AchE concentration for hydrolysis of 1 ml 1mmol/L substrate and I50 val-ues of the agrochemicals to AchE are decided. It is proved that Asch-DTNB method is a rapid test tool for agrochemical residues in fruits and vegetables.A rapid test card has been developed with sensitivity of 0.05mg/L.

Some Antimicrobial Activity Plants Growing in Rize Region Used in Alternative Medicine

Rize has a different and special flora because of its geographical position, climate, and topography. The natural plants of Rize have a very big usage potential and value in some sort of intrustrial branches. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of natural plant oils and extracts has formed the basis of many applications, including raw and processed food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies： These natural plants can be listed as follows： Artemisia absinthium L., Achi[[ea millefolium L., Astragalus schizopterus Boiss, Ajuga orientalis L., Humulus lupulus L,, Mentha longifolia L., Melissa officinalis L., Thymus pseudopulegioides Klokov et Des., Plantago major L., Rhus L., Hypericum perforatum L., Camellia chinensis L., Taraxacum officinale Wobb., duniperus communis L., etc.. In the present study, the bio-eco-morphological features of some antimicrobial activity plants, their active substance content, their effectuality and usage as traditional medicine in Rize region were discussed. It was observed that these herbs are preferred by experts and they are sold in the neighborhood markets and spice stores, and the local people are quite interested in these medicinal herbs.