论“生生文化”在中医学中的体现

中医学深刻地体现出了"生生文化"。在理论上,中医学用阴阳的变化来阐释人体的生理病理变化,讲求协调阴阳以达平衡、保健康,体现着生生之理;在实践上,中医学是一种"方技",医者根据阴阳二气变化的自然规律以及人体病变情况,使用适当的方剂调养正气,使生生之气得到调补充盈,从而可以进行不息的生命活动;在疾病的预防上,中医学的针刺、艾灸、拔罐、推拿、导引以及养生保健的药物有利于维护、培养人体生生之气,从而达到治未病的效果。中医学深刻地遵循自然之理,与人的生生之气相通相合,由此助长人体内的生生之气,使人类生命得以延续传承。天地合德而生人,中医学在探求生命健康和治病救人的实践中不断地践行行医之德,同时也是在践行天地之德。简而言之,中医学是一门用生生之具去循生生之理、助生生之气、行生生之德,最终达生生之道的科学。

英语课堂“听”行为的文化考察和课堂引导

英语课堂"听"行为实际是一种文化表现形式,蕴含着多种文化内涵。对于英语课堂"听"的行为可以从道德规范、师生关系、生生关系、语言交流、学科教学等文化层面来考察和引导,从而促成英语课堂对"听"的尊重,端正英语课堂"听"的态度,引导学生英语课堂"听"的姿势,促进师生英语课堂交流"听"的反思,调整英语课堂"听"的方式。

“两家换三家转”——郭亮村“近亲”婚配习惯的法律人类学解释

转换亲最初由原始社会的氏族外婚制演变而来,后在文明社会中因其违背历史规律而被抛弃。旨在描写郭亮村的转换亲如何具体实现,证明文明“返祖”的可能性。郭亮村形成之初便具有的异质因素,在经历了特殊婚配生育的规范后,构建了以人类生育文化为中心且人口繁衍和经济发展自给自足的小型社会结构,它以一种类似“帕累托最优”的方式,改进着地理和历史因素之下的限制性条件,从而耦合于人类正常的繁衍生息。目前郭亮村呈现出的婚育结果证明了此种模式的有效性和可行性,并且在一定程度上可以视为人类社会繁衍发展的一个缩影,或契合于上古时期伏羲女娲兄妹二人媾合繁衍人类的神话传说,而在这之中贯穿始终的主题是以生育文化为中心的价值取向,即繁育至上的人类发展史。

Impacts of Aquaculture and Domestic Wastewater on the Water Quality of Santubong River, Malaysia

Developments along the Santubong River basin may have an impact on the aquatic ecosystem. To determine the impacts of activities on the water quality, ten stations were selected for water quality study over 9 months. Results show that salinity increases from 14.0 PSU upstream to 30.4 PSU downstream. Lowest DO range was 2.3-4.1 mg/L. TSS ranged was 20-135 mg/L and the highest was observed near construction and residential areas, the second and third highest near shrimp culture discharge areas. BOD5 was the highest near construction and residential areas. BOD5 of a station near shrimp culture was not significantly different from the residential areas. Two stations near shrimp culture site also recorded the highest Chl-a. The highest ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen and reactive phosphorus were observed at stations near shrimp farm sites whereas nitrate-nitrogen was the highest near construction and residential areas. Cage culture site showed the highest phosphorus and second highest nitrite-nitrogen and ammonia-nitrogen. This study showed that TSS and BOD5 were elevated near residential and construction areas and nutrients were elevated near shrimp farm sites resulting in algal bloom. Therefore, it is recommended that residential and shrimp farm discharge be treated to acceptable quality before discharge to protect the aquatic resources.

Forgiveness as the Guiding Principle for Individual Rebirth and Modern Universal Renaissance

In this paper, I first create new frameworks for a reflection on “human” and “humanism” in the time of globalization. As our intellectual perception of the world is becoming more universal and all-inclusive, so should also our hearts. The heart is the inner most core of being human, to become able to expand in unprecedented dimensions of human existence. In this context, I propose forgiveness as the guiding principle of expansion and inclusion, and consequently of becoming more human. If memory helps us to survive, forgetting allows us to go on living. The practice of forgetting, and consequently of reconciliation, is the distinctive and complex moment of human existence, when the human agent makes him/herself open and available to the present moment, and lives fully in the present moment. Once doing so, the present moment becomes the space in which s/he can reconcile with his/her past and shape his/her future. In the second part, I check possible impediments on our way to expansion and inclusion, as well as in our process of forgiveness and reconciliation. Pata？jali, in his instructions to yogis talks about kleshas, i.e. impediments or afflictions, which are weakening our way of thinking and acting. These kleshas include ignorance, ego, attachment, aversion, and the clinging to life. I take these kleshas also as afflictions on our way to becoming more human, or as impediments in our process of forgiveness and reconciliation. Finally, I reflect on the human urge to become more human. In our time of globalization, we are challenged to look at this urge from a universal perspective. This urge, bound with an inevitable process of forgiveness and reconciliation, challenges each religion and its dogmatic teaching, and represents the evaluative criterion. The spirituality, or religion, that which promulgates and lives forgiveness and reconciliation will automatically excel because it will succeed, without losing its own identity, to integrate and include otherness of the other.

The influence of the mass culture on the contemporary college students＇ daily life

The mass culture penetrates into the world of the daily life of the contemporary college students in all directions. As the most sensitive group of the cultural assimilation, the college students practice various forms of the mass culture in their daily life. The popular culture and the everyday life are inseparable. The mass culture influences and changes the concept of our everyday life and the practice of our daily life, and enriches the connotation of the popular culture. The popular culture greatly enriches and expands the daily life of the college students with the features of the image, the nationhood and the consumption, but it also brings the negative effects that cannot be ignored. The daily life of the college students can be divided into several relative meanings according to their contents and forms, including the communication plate, the emotional plate and the leisure plate. Every meaning plate is concerned about the generation of values in the daily life of the college students, and the mass culture gives fresh and complicated contents to these meanings. How to find the values of their life and how to present oneself is the difficult problems and missions faced by the contemporary college students.

Discovery of the Exquisite Meaning of the Word “chudu” in Chinese Poetry of the Adherents of a Former Dynasty

The word “chudu” comes from Qu Yuan’s Li Sao “huang lan kui yu chu du xi, zhao ci yu yi jia ming”. The original meaning was the day of birth. After the Song Dynasty, the literati began to use it to refer to birthdays. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, they had been calling their birthdays “chudu” once they celebrated it and they were so keen on birthday celebrations. Gu Yanwu pointed out that the word “chudu” only fits “the old ministers （or the exiled ministers） who lamented the crash of the Yingcapital of the country of “Chu” such as Qu Yuan. At the same time, its use in Huang Zongxi’s and Wang Fuzhi’s birthday poems is also consistent with this context. The unique situation and mood of the adherents led them to be close to Qu Yuan and Wen Tianxiang, which bestowed “chudu” the special meaning. It is very suitable for the ministers who suffered the crash of their Dynasties or those who were exiled distantly to express their feelings about the old dynasties and old friends. After these people, Chen Yinke consciously acknowledged this layer of interpreting “chudu” and used it, which has not only enriched the connotation of “chudu”, but also extended its cultural life. From Qu Yuan to Wen Tianxiang, until Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, and then to Chen Yinke, we can take a glimpse of the spiritual world of the Chinese adherents of Dynasties.

The Impact of Handicrafts on the Promotion of Cultural and Economic Development for Students of Art Education in Higher Education

This paper studies the impact of handicrafts on the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education through handicrafts based on local customs and traditions. Descriptive, analytical, and experimental methods are used in this research. The results of the study are expected to benefit from the results of this study to provide planners handicrafts in the Ministry of Education. An effective strategy can affect the teaching and learning of handicrafts, the protection of its features and its presence and identity. The study sample consists of 45 students of the third level, batch 2012-2013, from the faculty of Education at the University of Khartoum, Republic of the Sudan. The researchers to prepare topics for handicrafts depend on the use of local materials and units which are derived from the environment and represent the Artistic heritage that is shown through handicrafts （pottery, ceramics, calligraphy, decoration, carpet weaving and textile, sewing, embroidery, sculpture and engraving on wood, metal works, and printing works）. The researchers focuse that the students learn the value of handicrafts in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product. The results confLrms the existence of a difference in the quality and value of handicrafts for students in both groups： the experimental and control group, which confirms that the handcrafts lead to the promotion of cultural and economic development for students of art education in higher education. The researchers are recommended to consider of this topic as a main component which enables an area for further studies to develop different strategies in the field of handicrafts, for students to recognize the importance of the handicrafts value in terms of economic and method of production and take advantage of it to increase the income of the individual product.

Growth, Proximate Composition and Pigment Production of Tetraselmis chuii Cultured with Aquaculture Wastewater

Microalgae are cultured commercially as healthy food, cosmetic products, food preservatives, and a source of valuable compounds. However, the high cost of commercial culture medium is one of the challenges to microalgal production. Therefore, it is essential to find an alternative cost-effective culture medium. Aquaculture wastewater is considered as a highly potential candidate due to its high nutrient content and large quantity generated from the rapid growth of aquaculture sector. In this study, Tetraselmis chuii cultured in different media with or without wastewater was evaluated for its growth, proximate composition and carotenoid production. The results showed that significantly(P < 0.05) higher growth(4.3 × 105 cells mL^(-1)) and protein(56.4% dry weight), lipid(44% dry weight) and carbohydrate(20% of dry weight) contents were found in T. chuii when they were cultured in the combination of both wastewater and Conway(wastewater + Conway) medium. However, carotenoid production of T. chuii was significantly increased(P < 0.05) when it was cultured in wastewater only, followed by Conway + wastewater and Conway medium only. Therefore, the incorporation of wastewater with commercial medium Convey is recommended for a cost-effective microalgae culture, as well as for the enhancement of growth and nutritional content of microalgae.

Physical Activity Stares of Civil Servants and Their Health- Related Research

Since the 1980s, people＇ s material and spiritual life are constantly enriched and improved. People＇ s values are constantly changing, more and more people realize that participate in physical exercise for their own importance in sports. The status of people＇ s lives has been greatly improved, for most residents; they participate in physical activity and have gradually become a richer cultural life, and they enhance the basic needs of physical, mental lifelong sports have gradually deep heart. While people continue to enhance the sports consciousness exercise, we also see some potential problems, such as the rapid development of science and technology is to bring more and more problems to people. As people, enjoy the level of automation in the material aspects of life. They gradually have cars, telephones, washing machines, refrigerators, microwave ovens, rice cookers. And the household products go into our lives, we enjoy the material on those by making more and more people gradually reduce the daily activities. And the most prominent is the elevators and cars, reducing active time and the amount of activity, a lot of heat stored in the human body is causing various diseases, from the results of medical research over the past decade. Various diseases associated with obesity have been become the most important factor in human deaths worldwide, the rapid emergence of this disease and the rapid development of social science and technology form a clear lack of coordination, for which many experts at home and abroad for such issues of deep study and research.

Biology and Culture

Human beings do not live in nature, they live in culture. Contrary to biological evolution, which is based on genetic inheritance, cultural change is transmitted by instruction. Simple beginnings of culture have been observed in various animals. However, the much advanced human culture became possible by its transmission by language, and by its being cumulative. The concept of cultural change as a progressive process, popular by 18th and 19th centuries thinkers, is nowadays rejected, and the uniqueness of each culture stressed. Although, there are some similarities between biological evolution and cultural change, important differences between these processes are emphasized. The rapid rate of cultural change （especially its technological aspect）, as compared to the rate of biological evolution, is noted. In addition, some cultural changes led to new phenomena, which in a time of crisis can be annulled. The possible consequences of the different rate of these two processes for humans as individuals, and for their societies are discussed.

Linguistic Justice and Dual Language Programs

This paper makes the case that education aimed at Hispanic or Latino children in the United States needs to recognize both their linguistic and cultural roots （raices） as well as the educational wings （alas）. The reason the author believes dual language programs could benefit all is due to the fact that if done properly, it should promote bilingualism, respect, and equity for all students in the school. Dual language programs are relatively new in the United States. These programs aim to create bilingual, bicultural students without sacrificing these students＇ success in school or beyond. The goals of dual language are to provide high-quality instruction for language-minority students and to provide instruction in a second language for English-speaking students. Schools teach children through content, with teachers adapting their instruction to ensure children＇s comprehension and using content lessons to convey vocabulary and language structure. Striving for a balance of half language minority students and half English speaking students in each classroom, dual language programs also aim to teach cross-cultural awareness. Programs vary in terms of the amount of time they devote to each language, which grade levels they serve, how much structure they impose for the division of language and curriculum, and what populations they serve.

The Cultural Linguistic Code

For over thirty years I have been researching the origins of language by means of an original and innovative metod. If it consists of considering oral articulation, which produce phonetic sounds as informative gestures and expressions of a visible-expressive code, that precedes the use of phonetic codes. The meaning expressed through each of these articulate-oral gestures was identified through research-responses by two select sample groups of psychotic subjects, chosen because of their greater permeable accessibility to the collective unconscious. In this sense the application of phonetic sounds, that is ＂words＂, is no more than representative or substitutes of the use of pre-articulate oral-facial gestures, used by pre-sapiens to express their informative intentions. Using this method I have published three books, which analyzed precisely and systematically the inter-relationships between consonants in words of Info-european origin--that is the roots of these words--discovering that words sharing common root-consonants do indeed express part or all of their meaning in correspondence with the original meanings of their gestural archetype. The projection into objects of these pre-articulate gestural meanings denotes them by means of mediators＇ metaphors and analogies, this is appearing to be the fundamental reason for the variety of languages, since diverse peoples will use different psychic Freudian puns and methaphors, for the projection to similar object. I have examined over twenty languages, in relation to this generalized cultural code model, founded on biological reactivity to conditions in reality to advantage given its extensive informative use.

The Development Research of Tourist Commodities in the Pingxiang Nuo Mask＇ Decorative Patterns

By analyzing the information of Pingxiang Nuo masks＇ decorative patterns,this paper first briefly teases out a clue of the birth and development of historical decorative pattern and the decorative pattern category features of Pingxiang Nuo masks.Then, combining with the development of tourist commodities, Looking for live condition non-material cultural life rich and colorful information and spiritual practice, traditional patterns with modem visual design fusion design characteristic tourist commodities.It explores the way of how to converse the value of Pingxiang Nuo masks＇ decorative patterns into the modem design.

Eco-reason-The Contemporary Direction of the Philosophical Inquiry

The vanishing or termination of philosophy arises from the fact that philosophers are losing their philosophical enthusiasm and becoming experts of philosophy and the fact that philosophical is losing its object fields and becoming rootless. The former fact comes from the philosophical research replacement of the philosophical exptoration, and the Latter results from the disturbing identification of its own object fields when it originally emerged The genuine object of philosophical exploration should be the being of human. While man＇s original being is towards its creative existing orientation, its path, course and sate constitute the whole object fields of philosophical exploration Thus, the naissance of philosophy stems from the growing （original and creative ） existing circumstance. In such circumstances, the existing opening of man＇s original being towards his creative existence actually creates and writes its ecologicat fieids with the universe mutually. The mutually growing and writing existing fietds constitute the genuine perspectives of the contemporary philosophy.

Characterization and Biological Activities of Protein-Bound Polysaccharides Produced by Cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus

Several species of mushrooms, as Pleurotus ostreatus, have been valued as edible and medicinal resources. These mushrooms may be an important source of polysaccharides with medicinal properties as antioxidant, antitumoral, antimicrobial and immunological properties. The aim of this work was to produce and to evaluate the biological properties of protein-bound polysaccharide complexes, extra intracellular （E-PPS and I-PPS）, extracted from P. ostreatus cultures, using agricultural sunflower wastes as carbon source. Three main compounds in the E-PPS and four main compounds in the I-PPS were identified by SEC-UV-RI-HPLC. These complexes of P. ostreatus present no toxicity in Artemia salina cultures, after 24 h of incubation. Antioxidant properties of the complexes were evaluated by radical scavenging activity using DPPH method and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity, determined by erytbsocytes hemolysis. Additionally, E-PPS and I-PPS extracts revealed capacity to mimetize superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic activities. The hepatoprotector effect of E-PPS extracts in Wistar rats was evaluated by AST, ALT, ALP and y-GT activities, showing capacity to reduce the liver damage induced by ethanol-administration. This hepatoprotective effect is equivalent to that observed by silymarin, a standard drug. Our results suggests that the extracts of E-PPS and I-PPS produced by P. ostreatus cultures, using agricultural sunflower wastes as main carbon source, can be used as an important source of bioactive compounds with potential medicinal value.

Global Bioethical Prevention of the Collision of Biological and Cultural Evolution on Miserable Human Survival

With the cultural myth that science can only determine the way the world ＂is＂ （facts）, while humanities, social sciences, lawyers, philosophers, and theologians must determine the way the world ＂ought to be＂ （values）, those in position of global-, national-, and local-political power make major decisions of the use （or non-use） of scientific knowledge and technology. As a result, the human being has created a non-scientifically based cultural environment that is affecting his ability to survive. In effect, cultural evolution is occurring more rapidly than biological evolution that can adapt to the changes brought about in the physical and psycho-social environments. In a pluralistic cultural world, where each society has generated a different view of human nature and different ethical values, the use, misuse, or non-use of scientific and technological advances are derived from these unscientific views of human nature. Since all life depends on limiting interacting environmental and ecological factors, it is imperative that scientific information be used to govern how to minimize irreversible effects on life-sustaining ecological factors, but also scientific information bearing on understanding human nature ought to be integrated into a ＂global bioethics＂. While ethical values cannot be directly derived from scientific factors, it is also true that human values or our ＂ought＂ cannot be maintained in ignorance or defiance of the facts or the ＂is＂.

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper proposes a concept of industrial ecosystem. Differ from ecologists and environmentalists who regard industrial ecosystem as the natural ecosystems in which material, energy and information circulates, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consists of three sub-systems that are innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors that include factor supply, infrastructure, socio-cultural environment, international environment and policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized by interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery and co-evolution. The development of an industry is＇ the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem; therefore, the competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is in essence the competition in industrial ecosystems. Those countries which are able to take the lead in setting up complete industrial ecosystem will occupy advantage in developing strategic emerging industries. Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries requires promoting the development and coordination of the whole ecosystem.

Cardiff acne disability index： cross-cultural translation in Korean and its relationship with clinical acne severity, pathological patterns, and general quality of life

OBJECTIVE: To culturally translate the cardiff acne disability index(CADI) into Korean, and to examine its relationship with clinical acne severity,pathological patterns, and general quality of life(Qo L).METHODS: The CADI was culturally and lin-guistically translated into Korean via translation,back-translation, and face validity test process. Two hundred and fifty-four Korean adolescents were asked to complete the Korean version of the CADI(K-CADI), the Phlegm Pattern, the Cold-Heat Pattern, and the Korean version of the General Health Questionnaires. A clinician estimated acne severity for the adolescents, using the Korean Acne Grading System. Finally, reliability and validity of the K-CADI was examined, and the relationships between acne severity, Phlegm, Cold, and Heat patterns, and Qo L level were examined via pathway analysis.RESULTS: The K-CADI had satisfactory internal consistency(α = 0.827). The examination of construct validity indicated that the K-CADI had one factor(explaining 59.6% of the total variance). Pathway analysis showed satisfactory model fit(normal fit index = 0.960 and comparative fit index = 0.983),and acne-related Qo L was determinant to Phlegm,Heat, and Cold patterns(0.13-0.27 of β), and Phlegm and Heat patterns lowered one's Qo L level(0.17-0.34 of β).CONCLUSION: The K-CADI is a valid and reliable instrument. Phlegm and Heat patterns should be managed when treating acne since they have a moderating effect on general Qo L aggravation.

Sustainable Development of Ice and Snow Tourism-Theory&Empirical Studies:Preface

The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism.It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism.By selecting 18 academic papers,this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects:ice and snow tourism development and management,the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors,and ice and snow tourism impact assessment.Moreover,one part entitled“Tourism Culture and Ecotourism”has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics.It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations.First of all,the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level,including both longitudinal and horizontal research.In additon,the research methods are practical,innovative,and at the frontier of scientific research,and include industrial correlation analysis methods,kernel density,spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods,content analysis methods,sentiment analysis methods,structural equation models,Delphi methods,spatial statistics methods,geographic detector method and many others.In general,this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research,provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory,institutional evolution theory,etc.,and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage,the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment,the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development,the model of the relationship between tourists’experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism,among others.These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era,and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction.