上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式影响因素分析

目的:研究上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式现状及其影响因素。方法:采用一般情况调查表和中文版老年人健康促进生活方式量表对上海社区老年人基本情况和生活方式现状进行调查。结果:老年人健康促进生活方式量表平均得分为(96.63 ±16.91)分。各量表得分依次为:饮食营养维度得分为(13.06 ±2.00)分,运动锻炼维度得分为(10.22 ±2.61)分,精神成长维度得分为(14.17 ±3.34)分,健康责任维度得分为(22.08 ±5.59)分,压力应对维度得分为(19.24 ±3.96)分,人际关系维度得分为(17.86 ±3.03)分。年龄、健康关注度、健康自我效能、公共健康设施健全程度和公共健康服务开展情况对老年人健康促进生活方式存在显著影响。结论:上海社区老年人健康促进生活方式水平为中等偏上,可通过提升健康自我效能、增加健康关注度、开展多种公共健康服务,健全公共健康设施来提高老年人健康促进生活方式水平,从而改善其健康状况。

君生我未生,我生君已老

我是一个孤儿．也许是重男轻女的结果．也许是男欢女爱又不能负责的产物。

Functional evaluation for effective compositions in seed oil of Korean pine

The effect of seed oil of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) on the rats' blood-fat and its anti-ageing function was stud-ied for appraising the efficacy of the seed oil of Korean pine. Sixty experimental rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (half males and half females in each group) as normal control group, high fat diet control group, and three groups (Group 1 Group 2, Group 3) that were fed with feedstuff with the contents of the seed oil of 2.0g/(kgd-1), 4.0g/(kgd-1) and 8.0g/(kgd-1), respec-tively. The indexes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and anti-oxidation capacity (AOC) were measured by Reagent Kit method. It was found that the seed oil of the Korean pine could reduce the content of triglyc-eride and improve SOD as well as GSH-PX activity in serum. These indexes of the rats in Group 2 fed with Korean pine seed oil of 4.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the significant level and those of rats in Group 3 fed with the seed oil of 8.0 g/(kgd-1) reached the extremely significant level. The results indicated the seed oil of Korean pine had function of regulating the level of blood-fat and anti-ageing.

Effects of Sunflower Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.

Advances in Physiological-biochemical and Genetic Mechanisms of Seed Aging in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Reasons causing or accelerating seed aging are mainly damage of mem- branes, DNA and proteins, decline of protein synthesis capacity and excessive ac- cumulation of reactive oxygen species. With the application of natural aging or artifi- cial aging methods, it was reported that quantitative trait loci （QTLs） of seed stora- bility in rice were widely distributed on the chromosomes except the 10th chromo- some. In this paper, we reviewed the progresses in the research on physiological- biochemical and genetic mechanisms of seed aging, and analyzed the existing problems and developing prospect in molecular breeding of rice with improved seed storability, in order to provide reference for the basic research and genetic improve- ment of rice seed storabUity.

Effects of Water Deficit and Increased Nitrogen Application in the Late Growth Stage on Physiological Characters of Anti-aging of Leaves in Different Hybrid Rice Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of water and fertilizer regulation on the function of leaves in the filling stage. [Method] Six hybrid rice vari- eties including prematurely aged types and non-prematurely aged ones were selected as experimental materials. Limiting water treatment （with soil water potential of about -25 kpa） and increasing nitrogen treatment （additional 10% of granular nitrogen fertiliz- er in addition to limiting water treatment） were applied after heading to analyse the rates of aging and physiological responses of anti-aging in different hybrid rice vari- eties under water deficit and increased nitrogen conditions taking regular water and fertilizer as control. [Result] The results showed that water deficit accelerated the leaf senescence, and prematurely aged types-＇Zhongyou838＇, ＇Tianyou998＇ and ＇Long- ping601 ＇-were more markedly affected by water deficit, of which the rates of chloro- phyll degradation were 6%-8% higher compared to that in another three hybrids. In- creasing nitrogen treatment raised chlorophyll content and slowed down its degrada- tion. Water deficit caused the increase of abscisic acid （ABA） content to obviously varying degrees in leaves of six hybried rice varieties. Responses of ABA content in six hybried rice varieties to increased nitrogen fertilizer were not consistent. Except in ＇Zhongyou838＇, ABA content in the other five hybrids had varying degrees of in- crease. The responses of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different hybried rice varieties were inconsistent. In response to increased nitrogen fertilizer in combination with water deficit, the activity of each antioxidant enzyme changed differently. Water deficit enhanced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves of each hybrid rice. The correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was extremely signifi- cantly positively correlated to the resistance of each antioxidant enzyme; SOD activity in leaves also positively related to ABA content. [Conclusion] The rate of leaf aging, physiological activity of anti-aging, and response to water deficit varied in different hy- bried rice varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes were not all induced to improve by ABA. SOD activity can be an indicator of resistance to stress. Increasing nitrogen ap- plication significantly postponed leave senescence in the late growth stage of rice.

Performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of RWMA binders with 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt

The performance evaluation and chemical property analysis of the recycled warm mix asphalt （RWMA） binders containing 100% artificial reclaimed asphalt （ RA） are presented, and the combined effects of different percentages of the rejuvenator and warm mix additive （WMA） additives on RWMA binders are analyzed through laboratory tests. Three types of WMA additives ad one commercial rejuvenator named GST were selected to restore the artificial RA. The laboratory performace tests including the penetration test, softening test ad rotary, viscosity （RV） test were carried out. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） test was performed to explore the chemical property of RWMA binders. The results of the performance tests indicate that the rejuvenator GST has the ability to restore the artificial RA; choosing the optimum content of WMA additives and rejuvenator is the key to restoring 100% artificial RA, since the combined effects of them play an important role in determining the basic laboratory performance of RWMA binders. The FTIR tests show that the process of recycling mainly adjusts the chemical component of aged asphalt and no remarkable change is observed in the FTI1R spectra of RWMA binders in terms of chemical functional groups with the introduction of WMA additives.

Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly： what the clinician needs to know

Thiazide-induced hyponatremia is one of the main causes of decreased sodium levels in elderly individuals. This review presents the current evidence regarding the thiazide-associated hyponatremia. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia is observed mainly in patients with certain risk factors such as those receiving large doses of thiazides, having much comorbidity, such as heart failure, liver disease or malignancy, and taking several medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or tricyclic antide- pressants. Sodium concentration should be monitored in patients with risk factors for developing thiazide-associated hyponatremia and clini- cians should measure promptly serum sodium levels in patients with neurologic signs indicating reduced sodium levels. The clinical and biochemical profile of patients with thiazide-associated hyponatremia may be that of extracellular volume depletion or the syndrome of inap- propriate antidiuretic hormone secretion （SIADH）. The investigation of possible thiazide-associated hyponatremia includes the exclusion of other causes of decreased sodium levels and the identification of the characteristics of hyponatremia due to thiazides （extracellular volume depletion-related or SIADH-like）. Treatment should be carefully monitored to avoid serious neurologic complications due to overcorrection. Clinicians should discourage prescribing thiazides in patients with a history of diuretic-associated hyponatremia and should prefer low doses of thiazides in patients with risk factors for developing thiazide-associated hyponatremia.

Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Thai elderly

Atrial fibrillation （AF） is an important health problem due to its association with serious complications.Ill Stroke is one of the most serious complications and is the leading cause of death and disabilities in this population. AF in- creases the risk of embolic stroke five times compared to general population. The prevalence of AF varies from 0.5%-15% depending on studied populations such as age,

The nucleolus: reviewing oldies to have new understandings

The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotes. In contrast, there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in procaryotes. This raises two concerns that how does the nucleolus evolve and that whether the nucleolus remains playing a single role in ribosome biogenesis along the evolution. Increasing data support new nucleolus functions, including signal recognition particle assembly, small RNA modification, telomerase maturation, cell-cycle and aging control, and cell stress sensor. Multiple functions of the nucleolus possibly result from the plurifunctionality of nucleolar proteins, such as nucleolin and Nopp 140. Proteomic analyses of human and Arabidopsis nucleolus lead a remarkable progress in understanding the evolution and new functions of nucleoli. In this review, we present a brief history of nucleolus research and new concepts and unresolved questions. Also, we introduce hepatitis D virus for studying the communication between the nucleolus and other subnuclear compartments, and Caenorhabditis elegans for the role of nucleolus in the development and the epistatic control of nucleologenesis.

Cardiovascular physiology in the older adults

1 Introduction In an aging society with persistent high prevalence of cardiovascular disease （CVD） in the elderly population, the health care system is facing an increasing challenge to effectively care for these patients. However, due to the under-representation of CVD patients over 75 years of age in clinical trials, assessing safety and efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, the evidence for managing elderly CVD patients is especially limited. Physiological changes of aging intertwined with pathophysiology of CVD, and comorbid conditions often complicate clinical management.

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Degradation Properties of Poly(Propylene Fumarate-co-Propylene Sebacate) Networks

Poly（propylene fumarate-co-propylene sebacate） （P（PF-co-PS）） was crosslinked with Nvinyl pyrrolidone （N-VP） to form networks. It was investigated as biodegradable bone cement. In this paper, P（PF-co-PS） was synthesized and characterized by ^1H-NMR, FTIR and GPC. The effects of the amount of sebacate segments in P（PF-co-PS） main chains and the quantity of N-vinyl pyrrolidone on the in vitro degradation of the polymer networks were examined. Cylindrical specimens were submerged in phosphate buffered saline （PBS） at 37 ℃ and the pH value of PBS is 7.4 for 10 weeks. The gravimetry and compressive mechanical properties were tested over the degradation period. Networks formed by P（PF-oo-PS）8020/N-VP exhibited higher weight loss and better mechanical properties when compared with poly（propylene fumarate）/N-VP networks. The mechanical properties of P（PF-co-PS）/N-VP can be maintained for a very long time, even for 70 days, the yield strength, fracture strength and compressive modulus are （51.78 ± 2.01） MPa, （52.331 ± 1.84） MPa and （957.78 ± 24.40） MPa, respectively. The results demonstrate that the compressive mechanical properties and degradation velocity can be modulated by the amount of crosslinking agents and sebacate segments along the main chains of copolymers.

Study on Effect of Drought Stress with PEG-6000 on Physiological and Biochemical Indicators in Kadsura coccinea

[Objective] The aim was to research drought resistance and adaptation mechanisms of Kaclsura coccinea under different drought stresses. [Method] The seedlings of Kadsura coccinea growing one year were taken as materials in order to investigate and analyze leaf SPAD value, relative water content （RWC）, malonaldehyde （MAD）, cell membrane permeability （RP）, proline （PRO） and superoxide dismutase activity （SOD）. [Result] As drought stress improved, leaf SPAD value and RWC were both diminishing and RWC fell remarkably; MAD, Pro, RP and SOD activity were increasing; MAD and RP grew significantly. [Conclusion] Kadsura coccinea is much sensitive to drought stress and will be affected if water loss is too much high.

Isolation and physiological characteristics of a premature senescence mutant in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

A rice pse（t） （premature senescence, tentatively） mutant line, was isolated from 4500 independent T-DNA inserted transgenic lines. The symptoms of premature senescence appeared more severely than those of the control plants （Zhonghua 11, japonica） at the last development stage. To characterize the mutant and provide basic information on the candidate genes by mapping to a physical region of 220-kb, experiments were carried out in two phytotrons under controlled temperature of 24 ℃ and 28 ℃, respectively. The content of chlorophyll, soluble protein and MDA （malondialdehyde）, net photosynthesis, the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD （superoxide dismuase） （EC 1.15.1.1 ） and POD （peroxidase） （EC 1.11.1.7） and the peptidase activities of leaves were measured from top to bottom according to the leaf positions at the flowering stage. Compared with the control plant, the mutant showed the following characteristics： （1） Higher net photosynthesis rate （Pn） appeared in the 1st and 2nd leaves, contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein were also higher in the 1st leaf; （2） The activities of SOD, POD and peptidase were higher according to the leaf position from top to bottom; （3） The symptom of premature senescence was accelerated in the mutant at 28 ℃ treatment. The MDA content and the SOD and POD activities between the 24 ℃ and 28 ℃ treatment mutants were not significantly different. Content of chlorophyll and soluble protein of leaves mutant decreased rapidly at 28 ℃ treatment. The results show thatpse（t） is sensitive to high temperature. The probable function of PSE（T） is discussed.

Relationship of serum vitamin D level on geriatric syndromes and physical performance impairment in elderly hypertensive patients

Objective To investigate the relationship among serum vitamin D levels, physical performance impairment, and geriatric syndromes in elders with hypertension. Methods According to the concentration of vitamin D levels, a total of 143 elderly patients with hypertension were classified into vitamin D deficient group （vitamin D 〈 20 ng/mL, n = 94） and vitamin D appropriate group （vitamin D 〉 20 ng/rnL, n = 49）. Geriatric syndromes and physical performance were assessed by using comprehensive geriatric assessment （CGA）. Correlation among vitamin D levels, geriatric syndromes and physical performance was analyzed. Results No statistical differences were found in various aspects of geriatric syndromes between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. While correlation analysis indicated that vitamin D levels had a positive association with ADL score （r = 0.235, P 〈 0.01） and a negative association with Morse fall scale score （r = 0.238, P 〈 0.01）. Patients with deficient vitamin D level had longer time both in the Five Time Sit to Stand Test （5tSTS）, （15.765 ± 5.593） and the four-meter walk test [7.440 （5.620, 9.200）], a weaker hand-grip in the grip strength test （28.049 ± 9.522）, and a lower Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （Tinetti POMA） [26 （22, 27）] and Balance subscale of the Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （B-POMA） score [ 14 （12, 16）], compared with appropriate vitamin D level [（13.275 ± 3.692）; 5.810 （4.728, 7.325）]; （31.989 ± 10.217）; [26.5 （25, 28）]; [15 （14, 16）, respectively, all P 〈 0.05]. Furthermore, results of logistic regression indicated that vitamin D was significantly associated with 5tSTS （OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.050-1.331, P 〈 0.01）, Tinetti POMA （OR = 3.7, 95% CI：1.284-10.830, P 〈 0.05） and B-POMA （OR = 0.8, 95% CI：0.643-0.973, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions In elderly hypertensive patients, serum vitamin D deficient level is associated with physical performance impairment. However, no statistical significance was found between vitamin D and geriatric syndromes. Further study is required to investigate possible mechanisms for the association between vitamin D and physical performance.

Significant roles of anti-aging protein klotho and fibroblast growth factor23 in cardiovascular disease

The klotho gene has been identified as an aging suppressor that encodes a protein involved in cardiovascular disease （CVD）. The inac- tivation of the klotho gene causes serious systemic disorders resembling human aging, such as atherosderosis, diffuse vascular calcification and shortened life span. Klotho has been demonstrated to ameliorate vascular endothelial dysfunction and delay vascular calcification. Fur- thermore, klotho gene polymorphisms in the human are associated with various cardiovascular events. Recent experiments show that klotho may reduce transient receptor potential canonical6 （TRPC6） channels, resulting in protecting the heart from hypertrophy and systolic dys- function. Fibroblast growth factor23 （FGF23） is a bone-derived hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of phosphate and vi- tamin D metabolism. FGF23 accelerates urinary phosphate excretion and suppresses 1,25-dihydroxy vitaminD3 （1,25（OH）2D3）synthesis in the presence ofFGF receptorl （FGFR1） and its co-receptor ldotho, principally in the kidney. The hormonal affects of circulating klotho pro- tein and FGF23 on vascular and heart have contributed to an understanding of their roles in the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy. Klotho and FGF23 appear to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease, and may represent a novel potential therapeutic strategy for clinical intervention.

Factors associated with the overall survival of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To identify the factors associated with overall survival of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 286 patients with HCC(male/female:178/108,age:46-100 years),who were diagnosed and treated by appropriate therapeutic procedures between January 2000 and December 2010,were enrolled in this study.Patients were stratified into two groups on the basis of age:Elderly(≥ 75 years old) and non-elderly(< 75 years old).Baseline clinical characteristics as well as cumulative survival rates were then compared between the two groups.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the factors associated with prolonged overall survival of patients in each group.Cumulative survival rates in the two groups were calculated separately for each modified Japan Integrated Stage score(mJIS score) category by the Kaplan-Meier method.In addition,we compared the cumulative survival rates of elderly and non-elderly patients with good hepatic reserve capacity(≤ 2 points as per mJIS).RESULTS:In the elderly group,the proportion of female patients,patients with absence of hepatitis B or hepatitis C viral infection,and patients with coexisting extrahepatic comorbid illness was higher(56.8% vs 31.1%,P < 0.001;27.0% vs 16.0%,P = 0.038;33.8% vs 22.2%,P = 0.047;respectively) than that in the nonelderly group.In the non-elderly group,the proportion of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-infected patients was higher than that in the elderly group(9.4% vs 0%,P = 0.006).The cumulative survival rates in the elderly group were 53.7% at 3 years and 32.9% at 5 years,which were equivalent to those in the non-elderly group(55.9% and 39.4%,respectively),as shown by a log-rank test(P = 0.601).In multivariate analysis,prolonged survival was significantly associated with the extent of liver damage and stage(P < 0.001 and P < 0.001,respectively),but was not associated with patient age.However,on individual evaluation of factors in both groups,stage was significantly(P < 0.001) associated with prolonged survival.Regarding mJIS scores of ≤ 2,the rate of female patients with this score was higher in the elderly group when compared to that in the non-elderly group(P = 0.012) and patients ≥ 80 years of age tended to demonstrate shortened survival.CONCLUSION:Survival of elderly HCC patients was associated with liver damage and stage,but not age,except for patients ≥ 80 years with mJIS score ≤ 2.

Analysis of Growth and Quality of Sun-cured Tobacco Kadsura Coccinea In Guangchang County

[Objective] The aim was to study the growth and quality characteristics of sun-cured tobacco Kadsura Coccinea in Guangchang County and give full play to its advantages. [Method] The research took tobacco varieties including Tiechi in Yiqian, Mushao in Yangxi Tiechi in Chishui, and Liuye in Toupo as test materials to explore development process, quality characteristics and economic traits of different varieties. [Result] The variety of Tiechi in Yiqian had medium growht, moderate growth periods, and the best economic benefits. Total content of aroma matter was the highest in the varieties of Tiechi in Yiqian. Also it had more content of products of browning reaction and products degraded by cembranoids. Besides, volume and quality of aroma were higher, as well as the score of sensory quality. [Conclusion]Comprehensive comparisons suggested that the variety of Tiechi in Yiqian was superior to others at tobacco-growing, economic benefits and quality.

Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress status in small intestine of diabetic rat

AIM:To investigate the effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress status in the small intestine of diabetic rats. METHODS:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:Control (C),non-treated diabetic (NTD) and vitamin E-treated diabetic (VETD) groups. The increases in lipid peroxidation,protein oxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in these three groups was compared after 6 wk. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in catalase activity between NTD and control rats. Compared to NTD rats,the treatment with vitamin E significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation,and also increased catalase activity and SOD. CONCLUSION:The results revealed the occurrence of oxidative stress in the small intestine of diabetic rats. Vitamin E,as an antioxidant,attenuates lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation,and increases antioxidant defense mechanism.

New insights into the role of PML in tumour suppression

The PML gene is involved in the t（15;17） translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia （APL）, which generates the oncogenic fusion protein PML （promyelocytic leukaemia protein）-retinoic acid receptor alpha. The PML protein localises to a subnuclear structure called the PML nuclear domain （PML-ND）, of which PML is the essential structural component. In APL, PML-NDs are disrupted, thus implicating these structures in the pathogenesis of this leukaemia. Unexpectedly, recent studies indicate that PML and the PML-ND play a tumour suppressive role in several different types of human neoplasms in addition to APL. Because of PML＇s extreme versatility and involvement in multiple cellular pathways, understanding the mechanisms underlying its function, and therefore role in tumour suppression, has been a challenging task. In this review, we attempt to critically appraise the more recent advances in this field and propose new avenues of investigation.