不同程度压实对土壤理化性状及作物生育产量的影响

采用大、小四轮式拖拉机在冬小麦播种地上压地 1到 10遍 ,对照为未压实地 ,测定对小麦生育产量影响 ;同时进行了不同程度土壤压实后孔隙度为 5 8% ,5 2 % ,4 6%和 4 0 %的土壤理化性状测定试验。结果表明不同程度压实具有系统累积效应 ,为免耕。

大豆田间微气象条件对其生育产量影响及调控技术的研究

前期较早形成较繁茂的营养体,而后期相对来看又不过份郁闭的群体长势,有利于通风透光,光合效益高,是高产型长相和结构形式;就一般年份来说,限制黑龙江省大豆生产的主要气象因子是水分,窄行距大豆地块有利于保水;黑龙江省现有的几个大豆品种,最大叶面积指数在6左右、密度在35～45万株/公顷情况下,株间微气象环境较为适宜,大豆产量高;倒伏对大豆产量和品质有严重影响,垅作能相对减轻倒伏程度,而且垅作比平作能相对提高地温。

配方施肥与定植密度对洋葱生育与产量的影响

[目的]研究施肥量、栽培定植密度、定植时间对洋葱生育与产量的影响。[方法]试验采用正交设计L9(34)方案,设N、P、K肥不同施肥量、不同定植密度4个因素,每因素设3个水平,3次重复,对试验结果进行数据统计分析。[结果]对洋葱生产具有主要影响因素的是氮肥施用量,定植密度和钾肥施用量为次主要因素,磷肥施用量是次要因素。氮肥施用量主要对株高、叶绿素含量、鳞茎的大小、产量都有影响,要提高这些指标,可在一定范围内增施尿素。[结论]经综合平衡法分析后,得出最优的栽培措施是尿素施用量为600kg/hm2,定植密度为15.0cm×15.0cm,钾肥施用量为1200kg/hm2,磷肥施用量为900kg/hm2。采用此栽培措施,洋葱生长发育好,产量高。

不同行距精量穴播对水稻生育性状及产量的影响

依据田间试验提供的参数,对水稻3种不同行距栽培方式进行了生育性状、产量性状、经济效益的分析评价。结果表明:25 cm行距栽培方式表现最优,平均产量达11 792.6 kg/hm^2,分别较15、20 cm行距栽培增产11.2%和5.97%,经济产投比3.23∶1.00,较其他2个处理分别提高9.7%和12.6%。

商品有机肥料不同施用量对玉米生育性状和产量及土壤养分的影响

通过研究商品有机肥不同用量及对玉米生育性状、产量及土壤养分含量等因素影响,筛选出最佳施肥量,为商品有机肥施用技术在本地区的全面推广提供技术数据支撑。试验结果显示:玉米苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期的株高随着有机肥施入量的增加而增大,土壤有机质含量有所增加,能够改善耕地质量,有助于耕地的可持续利用。

青海省海北地区高寒草甸最高产量预测及评估方法研究

牧草是草地生态的主体,牧草生长的好坏和变化,直接反映着生态环境的优劣和演变,是以草定畜的指示器。本文以青海省海北州刚察县为研究区,利用草地生态环境监测的牧草基础数据,开展年内前期气候因子对牧草各生育期及最高产量预测方法研究,通过预测做好监测准备,再通过预测和监测结果来评判生育期的始终、生长期的长短,评估出牧草长势好坏、年景丰欠等做一探讨,希望为当地政府和相关部门提供本地化、精细化、特色化服务产品,为生态保护、指导牧事、牧民增收、畜牧业可持续发展提供技术支撑。

沙洋县粳稻不同播种期对产量的影响

2013我们对以粳稻为主的3个水稻品种进行了不同播期试验,从农艺、产量性状等方面进行了试验观测。结果表明,在沙洋4月中、下旬和5月上、中旬为甬优1540、热粳优35两粳稻品种的最佳播期,其适应性、生育特性、产量特性、光资源利用是最好的。

Study on Sowing Date for Mechanicaltransplanting Rice under Wheat-Rice Cropping System in Chengdu Basin

Nurturing sturdy mechanical-transplanting seedlings is the key to achieve high yield using mechanical-transplanting technology under wheat-rice cropping conditions in Chengdu Basin. In this study, super hybrid rice II You 602 was adopted as experimental material, to investigate the effects of sowing date on seedling growth,transplanting quality, growth process and yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings in wheat-rice cropping region of Chengdu Basin, thus exploring supporting high-yield cultivation techniques for mechanical-transplanting technology in Chengdu Basin, Results showed that the appropriate sowing date for mechanical transplanting in wheatrice cropping region of Chengdu Basin was April 10-15, and the appropriate seedling age was 45-50 d, which led to the highest yield of mechanical-transplanting seedlings. Although postponing sowing was conducive to improving transplanting quality and increasing the percentage of earbearing tillers, it would result in lagged group growth, poor spike quality and reduced effective number of panicles, grain number, seed-setting rate, 1 000-seed weight and other yield components, thus declining the yield. Yield reduction rate would be above 10% with sowing date postponed by 15 d.

Effects of Tiller-inhibitor on Growth and Yield Formation of Super Early Hybrid Rice Jinyou458

[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of tiller-inhibitor on the growth and yield formation of super early rice Jinyou 458.[Method] Two treatments including spraying tiller-inhibitor（TI） and spraying water（CK） at the SN-n stage were set in the test,the effect of tiller-inhibitor on yield and its components,leaf and plant morphology,field microclimate at booting stage and quality characteristics of rice population were studied.[Result] Spraying tiller-inhibitor could effectively reduce the occurrence of invalid and inefficient tillers,increase the proportion of high effective tillers（tiller with 4 or more leaves） in tiller composition at the maximal tiller stage.The panicle length,spikelets per panicle,spikelets density,number of secondary branches and the secondary spikelets,seed setting rate of rice plant sprayed with tiller-inhibitor were significantly higher than CK.Meanwhile,spraying tiller-inhibitor could increase plant height,biomass weight and leaf area index of rice population during middle and late stages of rice growing,improve the leaf temperature of top three leaves and the light transmittance of rice population at the booting stage,increase the leaf SPAD value,thus enhance photosynthetic capacity of rice plants.It also showed the characteristics of elongating the internode of rice plant and decreasing the stem thickness,etc.[Conclusion] The panicle-bearing rate of stems and tillers,effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight had coordinately increased after spraying tiller-inhibitor,thus increased the yield.

Effect of Fulvic Acid on Growth and Yield Components of Direct Seeding Rice

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of fulvic acid on the growth and yield components of direct seeding rice （Nanjing 44）. MethodThe rice seeds were soaked in 0 （water as a control）, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/L fulvic acid （FA） before sowed. Then, the rice morphological indices, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis parameters, root activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in the following field studies. ResultCompared with the control, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter weight and some fluorescence parameters such as the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II （PSII） （Fv/Fm）, excitation energy capture efficiency of opened PSII reaction center （Fv’/Fm’） and efficiency of the open reaction centre （ΦPS II） increased by different levels at both jointing stage and heading stage of direct seeding rice, whose seeds were soaked by FA with different concentrations. High FA concentration （4-6 g/L） significantly increased the cultivated rice leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and dry matter weight by 10.32% -22.88% , 5.88% -13.11% , 12.16% -26.84% , 11.43% -88.46% , 10.63% -21.63% , 18.49% -19.68% , respectively, thereby improving the physiological function and light energy transform efficiency of rice at the growth stage. With FA concentration increasing, the yield, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and seed setting rate were increased significantly compared with the control by 17.52%-18.71%, 3.46%-3.85%, 6.30%- 6.51% and 7.82%-8.69% respectively. ConclusionSoaking rice seed with FA could be considered as an effective way to improve the rice competitiveness at early growth stage.

Effect of Controlled Release Nitrogen on Wheat Growth and Yield

[Objective] Effects of controlled release N fertilizers on wheat growth and yield were studied to provide reference for the application of controlled release fertilizers on wheat. [Method] A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different types and levels of controlled release N fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat. In this experiment, a treatment with the application of common urea and potassium chloride（common fertilizer） was established, and treatments with controlled release N fertilizers A and B with different coating materials were also established. [Result] The results showed that under the condition of the same P and K levels, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 100%, controlled release N fertilizer A at a proportion of 80% and controlled release N fertilizer B at a proportion of 80% could promote wheat growth, optimize yield components, and increase the amount of dry matter accumulation and grain yield. [Conclusion] One-time application of controlled release N fertilizer could be adopted in wheat production to achieve the purposes of saving fertilizer, saving labor and increasing efficiency.

Adaptability Comparison of Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus) Varieties for Double-rice Cropping System in Hunan

Five Chinese milk vetch（Astragalus sinicus） varieties were selected to make a comparison in order to screen effective varieties which could suit for the double-rice cropping system of Hunan Province. The results showed that the growth period of Xiangzi 2 is shorter than that of Xiangfei 2, Xiangfei 3 and Yujiangdaye,and is similar to that of Xinyang Chinese milk vetch. The full-bloom stage of Xiangzi 2 is also similar to Xinyang variety and obviously earlier than that of the other three varieties. The fresh grass yield of Xiangzi 2 in full-bloom stage is 23 842.5kg/hm^2, which increases by 39.9% compared with Xinyang variety. Nitrogen content in the fresh grass of Xiangzi 2 is higher than that of the other four varieties. In conclusion, Xiangzi 2 is an extremely early-blossoming and early-maturing Chinese milk vetch variety with moderate fresh grass yield, high nutrient contents, stable characters and wide adaptability. So, Xiangzi 2 is suitable for planting in double-rice cropping region in Hunan Province and other same latitude regions which have similar ecological conditions.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Physical Characters of Soil and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Potato

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.

Effect of Microbial Inoculum Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Super Hybrid Rice

The research designed four application quantities of 0, 2 250, 4 500 and 6 750 g/hm2 based on Liangyou No. 959 to explore the effects of microbial inocu- lure fertilizer on growth and yield of super hybrid rice. The results indicate that the treatment with traditional fertilizers and 4 500 g/hm2 HYT microbial inoculum fertilizer performed the best, where average number of tiller was 2.4 more than that of the control; the number of effective ear was 11.05% higher; yield increased by 10.3%. These have demonstrated that microbial inoculum fertilizer is of great value in pro- motion on super hybrid rice production.

水稻上茬冬小麦高产栽培技术研究

阐述了播期、施肥及土壤盐碱含量对冬小麦生育及产量的影响。结果表明随着播期的推迟,各处理从播种到出苗天数逐渐增加,生育期天数逐渐缩短,A2处理的越冬成活率、成穗率为48.8%、33.6%,均居首位,单产为526.3 kg/667 m2居第一位;在播种量相同的前提下,B1处理的单位面积收获穗数、株高、每穗小穗数、粒数均高于其它处理,单产最高为512.8 kg/667 m2;冬小麦遭受盐碱危害,生长发育受到严重抑制后,其株高、单位面积收获穗数与正常生育的相比,株高降低了34.6%,收获穗减少了55.5%,生育期缩短近15 d。同时其越冬率、成穗率以及穗粒数、千粒重都有不同程度的降低。

Effects of Combined Pollution of Pb and Cd on Growth and Yield of Rice

[Objective] The aim was to study the damage and the mechanism of combined pollution of Pb and Cd on rice growth,yield and quality of rice. [Method]Effects of combined pollution of Pb and Cd on the growth and yield of rice were studied by pot experiment with cultivating rice. [Result] Pb and Cd could promote rice growth at low concentration while inhibit plant height at high concentration; Pb and Cd stress reduced the number of rice tillers significantly,with the increasing of stress concentration,the decrease amplitude of the number of tillers was greater; the panicle per pot,seed setting rate,1 000-grain weight and yield of rice were reduced significantly by Pb and Cd stress,the grain number per panicle decreased significantly under low concentration of Pb and Cd but increased significantly under high concentration; the brown rice rate and milled rice rate increased significantly under low concentration of Pb and Cd while at high concentration of Pb and Cd,the both two reduced significantly,the head milled rice rate reduced significantly with the decreasing of concentration; The Pb and Cd content of grains were significantly positively related to the concentrations of Pb and Cd content in soil,it had excessively exceeded hygienic standard when the concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil were medium-high and the unqualified rate reached 333% and 122%. [Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the establishment of rice cultivation system in pollution areas.

Effect of Different Seedling Age on the Growth and Yield of Double Cropping of Late Rice

The study aims to solve the problems of late transplanting rice with differ- ent seedling ages at the lower reaches of Yangtze River. We selected six varieties of different thermal and photo-response characteristics as the test material to study the effect of different seedling ages on growth and yield of rice. The results showed that growing period of thermal-response rice was delayed by long seedling age, but less affected by the impact of photo-response rice; the yield of later thermal-re- sponse varieties with 25 days and 30 days seedling ages was significantly reduced. In contrast, the yield of early thermal-response varieties and later photo-response varieties were significantly reduced with 30 days seedling age. The optimal trans- planting seedling age was 15 days of thermal-response rice, while photo-response rice was 20 days. The thermal-response rice should be selected as early maturing varieties, while the photo-response rice could be selected as late maturing varieties for high yield.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount on Growth Characteristics,Boll Development and Lint Yield of High Quality Cotton

[Objective] This study aimed to explore an optimum application amount of nitrogen for cotton cultivation. [Method] In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application amount on the growth characteristics, boll development and lint yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1. [Result] Compared with the nitrogen level of 225 kg/hm2, the lint yield had increased by 28.46% and 18.73%, respectively, with the nitrogen application amount of 300 and 375 kg/hm2. When the nitrogen application amount had increased from 225 to 300 kg/hm2, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint yield had significantly increased. At the nitrogen level of 375 kg/hm2, however, the effects of increasing lint yield were significantly less than that at the nitrogen level of 300 kg/hm2. Compared with the nitrogen levels of 225 and 375, 300 kg/hm2 of nitrogen was the optimum application amount to improve the plant height, daily increment of plant height, number of fruit branches, number ratio of nodes to fruit branches, boll volume and seed cotton weight per boll. [Conclusion] The rational management of nitrogen is the most effective way to promote the growth and development of cotton plants, ensure high yielding ability and minimize the environmental pollution caused by the overuse of nitrogen. This study had provided a sound nitrogen application strategy for the cultivation of this high-quality cotton line in the field plantation.

Studies on the Super-high-yield Cultivation Techniques for Oats in Tibet

[Objective] The aim was to explore the optimal levels of different factors influencing oat yield in Lhasa, Tibet. [Method] Orthogonal test was conducted to analyze oat cultivation technology in Tibet. [Result] Qingyin No.2 and Baiyan No. 8 were proved the optimal species to be grown in Lhasa with optimal sowing quantity at 150-180 kg/hm2. Sowing term is an extremely significant factor affecting growing season, and species and N fertilizer are significant factors. Al factors have none significant effects on hay yield. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical refer-ences and technological supports for large-scale planting.