沈阳市初婚夫妇生育意愿调查

了解初婚夫妇生育意愿,保障其享有计划生育和生殖健康服务的合法权益,对一个国家或地区的生育水平及人口发展起决定性作用〔1-2〕。为了解辽宁省沈阳市初婚夫妇生育意愿及相关生育需求,

On The Reasonable Demands Of The University Students＇ Education Of Civic Awareness

Civic awareness is a product of modem constitution which emerges with the appearance of the modem state. It refers to the conscious awareness that citizens have their own position in the country which can share rights and undertake obligations. Its connotation is a system. The education of civic awareness is completed through the combination of school, society, family and other social channels. It is a process of socialization and re-socialization. College students are the main part of the construction in the modem harmonious society. The development of college students＇ civic awareness will be significant to construct the harmonious society and promote the process of national law. However, there still lacks the sense of civic awareness in the current population of college students, which appears the lack of sense of responsibility and the scarcity of the moral sense. Therefore, it is reasonable to strengthen the demands of college students＇ civic awareness education. This paper is a preliminary study on the connotation, awareness. significance, modem status, causes and measures of college students＇ civic

On the Localization of Hip-hop Culture in China

With sports as its carrier, youth hip hop culture reflects the absorption, digestion and development of foreign culture among Chinese young people. Hip-hop is popular among Chinese teenagers is not only due to the young people＇s psychological needs, but also because of the profound connotation of the era. Hip hop can contribute to the campus cultural construction. However, it also implies that local youth culture is missing in China. Hip hop dance was born in 1960s and classified into hip hop culture in 1970s as a typical representative of the four Hip-hop elements together with Graffiti, DJing, and MCing. It was spread into China in 1980s together with the movie Breakin： Hip hop has gradually become popular with Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing as the center drawing much attention of the Chinese youth. Its educational significance cannot ignored from the perspective of youth culture, reflecting the absorption, digestion and development of foreign culture among Chinese young people,At the same time, it provides a good platform for young people to show their unique personality, passion, courage and life attitude.

Linguistic Justice and Dual Language Programs

This paper makes the case that education aimed at Hispanic or Latino children in the United States needs to recognize both their linguistic and cultural roots （raices） as well as the educational wings （alas）. The reason the author believes dual language programs could benefit all is due to the fact that if done properly, it should promote bilingualism, respect, and equity for all students in the school. Dual language programs are relatively new in the United States. These programs aim to create bilingual, bicultural students without sacrificing these students＇ success in school or beyond. The goals of dual language are to provide high-quality instruction for language-minority students and to provide instruction in a second language for English-speaking students. Schools teach children through content, with teachers adapting their instruction to ensure children＇s comprehension and using content lessons to convey vocabulary and language structure. Striving for a balance of half language minority students and half English speaking students in each classroom, dual language programs also aim to teach cross-cultural awareness. Programs vary in terms of the amount of time they devote to each language, which grade levels they serve, how much structure they impose for the division of language and curriculum, and what populations they serve.

A CDA Approach to Understanding Chinese Basic Education Reform From Sino-US News Reports

It has been about one decade since China takes effect the basic education reform, and this study chooses 14 news reports about Chinese basic education reform in the recent years from both America and China as the research samples, and analyzes the samples from the perspective of critical discourse analysis （CDA） to show whether there are differences in the two countries＇ news reports. The samples in this study are selected from the official websites of the two countries. Among the American news reports, some reports from New York Times and others from CNN; while among the Chinese reports, some are from China Daily and others are from CCTV. Under the theoretical framework of CDA, this paper is based on Fairclough＇s three-dimensional modes, and chooses Halliday＇s systemic-functional grammar as the analytical tool. It aims to reveal the hidden relationship between news reports language and ideology as well as power through the contrastive analysis. Through the analysis it finds out that the power relations and ideologies tend to exist in news reports on the issue of Chinese basic education reform. The purposes of news reports are not only to provide the latest information to readers, but also to influence the readers ideologies and at last even to control the readers＇ ideologies through reading of the very issue

The View of Educational Purpose under the Infiltration of Post-modernism

Some of the characteristics of post-modernism, such as opposition centers, denial of holism, identity, differences and uncertainties, have had a great impact on the view of education. Because the purpose of education is the starting point and end-result of education, which is related to the general orientation of education development, we have to re-examine the concept of modem educational purpose in the post-modernism thought. The author holds that compared with the modem education view, the educational purpose view of the post-modem period shows the following characteristics： Maintaining the diversification and difference of individuahty, paying attention to cultivating social consciousness and critical ability, learning to understand and respect ecological harmony.

Developmental Programming of Ethical Consciousness： Impact on B ioscience Ethics Education and Learning

Personal ethics are strongly influenced by emotions, particularly secondary emotions, because these emotions expand ethical reasoning and development as the child matures. A well-developed consciousness profoundly influences a person＇s actions and conduct when solving problems of what is thought, or taught to be, right or wrong Compelling neurological evidence supports the claim that children begin to develop enduring ethical standards at an early age and that these standards are largely based on the experiences of early childhood. Essentially, the innate sense of ethics requires nurturing during infancy before it can be cognitively understood and practiced in maturity. In biological terms, the development of neural networks that regulate emotional growth, and subsequently, the capacity for ethical discrimination, depends on the infant＇s early social environment. Thus, the toddler＇s early epigenetic experiences enhance, or impede, its innate still dormant genetic potential. Importantly, personal character development and ethical discrimination begins long before the child＇s formal educational years. As a consequence, early learning has to discover ways of conserving adaptive thinking which can be applied to the choices that may confront future generations. Early ethics education, including accurate access to scientific, medical, and technological knowledge, is thus critical. Future generations will increasingly require education from a global perspective when making major ethical decisions in areas, such as nuclear technology, disposal of wastes, preservation of biodiversity, global warming, and unregulated human population growth. As long as our culture continues to reflect advances in science and technology, there is an obligation to make science education overlap with crucial periods in the advancement of ethical consciousness. Significantly, when considering the human capacity for excess at times of conflict, it is incumbent on the scientific community to integrate research-based knowledge with wide-ranging learning and problem-solving skills. Bioscience ethics, the established interface bridging applied science and applied bioethics, can assist in this process of integration. To become fully responsible adults, we must share our extraordinary cognitive talents and respect life on earth in all its rich diversity. In biological terms, human uniqueness resides primarily in our brains with its products being co-operation in family and ancestral units, long education, sophisticated language and culture, and importantly, ethical consciousness-all attributes held in trust by knowledge and wisdom for future generations.

本刊专访人口学专家易富贤——民族的博弈归根到底是生育文化的博弈?

中国是一个人口大国,但不是一个人口强国《齐鲁周刊》:目前国内失独家庭数量有没有具体数据?易富贤:我没有确切数据,前段时间媒体上说有上百万家庭。我粗略计算了一下,从1975年到2010年共产生了2.18亿个独生子女家庭,其中七成生于1991年之后,五成生于1998年之后。根据2000年人口普查的年龄别死亡率(最近10年变化不大)计算,每出生1万人,有360人在10岁之前夭折,有463人在25岁之前死亡。

Changes in the Chinese Population's Fertility Intentions:1980-2011

On the basis of the findings of 227 surveys of Chinese fertility intentions over the years 1980-2011, this paper investigates the longitudinal changes in fertility intentions through cross-temporal meta-analysis. It is found that the ideal number of children for the Chinese trended downwards from 1980, but since 2000 the average number has remained basically stable at 1.6 to 1.8. In the 1980s, people＇s fertility levels were higher than their fertility intentions. With economic and educational progress in China, both fertility levels and fertility intentions showed a downward trend, with the former declining faster than the latter. Since 1990, people＇s fertility levels have been lower than their fertility intentions; that is, their actual number of children has been less than their ideal number. This provides an empirical basis for examining the changes in China＇s fertility intentions and fertility levels.

Phylogeny of the Labeoninae （Teleostei, Cypriniformes） based on nuclear DNA sequences and implications on character evolution and biogeography

Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals （representing 24 genera and 73 species） of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oromandibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine, a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.