新收获小麦生芽粒及其对降落数值的影响

小麦生芽粒包括萌动粒及较为严重的发芽小麦,当生芽率大于10%时,对小麦的工艺品质、储藏品质、加工品质都会造成影响。生芽后,会产生大量的α-淀粉酶,而降落数值能反映α-淀粉酶活性及小麦发芽损坏程度。通过选取陕西地区2013年新收获小麦并检测其生芽率和降落数值,发现降落数值低于150s的占37.5%,在200s^300s之间的占62.5%,而且随着生芽率的增加,降落数值呈下降趋势,此试验对加强储藏条件的选择和控制,减少储藏期间的损失提供参考。

不同浓度激素对省沽油组培过程中芽增殖影响的研究

[目的]了解不同浓度激素下对省沽油组培芽增殖的影响。[方法]研究了常用浓度区间内的6-BA以及6-BA、IAA混用对于省沽油外植体生芽率的影响。[结果]当6-BA浓度为0．6mg／ml时，省沽油茎段在接种后第15d生芽率达到84％；6-BA浓度在0．4mg／ml时，接种后10d的茎尖生芽率达到56％；1mg／m]6-BA＋0．20mg／mlIAA浓度茎尖生芽率达到50％，茎段生芽率达到30％。[结论]省沽油组培芽增殖试验中，单独使用0．4～0．6mg／ml的6-BA可达到最好的生芽刺激效果。

Track Monitoring on Viability of Rice Germplasm Resources and Regeneration under Low Temperature Storage

53 rice germplasm resources warehoused during 1981-1984 were regarded as materials to monitor the viability at warehouse time and different years after warehoused. The results showed that seed germination rates of different rice germplasm resources assumed descending trend in storage, with annual decreasing rate between 0.12%-3.05% ; the seed germination rates of most cultivars were above 75% after stored for 26 years; forecasting analysis based on the germination rate of 75% as reference showed a huge difference of safe storage life for different rice germplasm resources, ranging from 12 to 50 years, even longer time. The results suggest that track monitoring on viability and regeneration of rice cultivars is of great importance for germplasm resources conservation.

Study on Improvement of Walnut Bud Grafting Technology in the North

[Objective] This study was conducted to change the situation of high cost in walnut grafting by reducing seedling cost through technical means.[Method] Effects of different rootstock processing methods and rootstock pruning time on walnut growth and cost were studied by the square bud grafting method.[Result] The survival rate and cost under stumping were higher than those under no stumping,and the proportion of grafting-capable rootstocks under stumping was lower than that under no stumping by 9%.The cost differences between different rootstock time were remarkable.The cost for the stock pruning 15 d after grafting was 5 times as much as 1 d after grafting.[Conclusion] Direct grafting could achieve the effect of easy and convenient management,and the overall cost was lower though the survival rate was reduced to a limited extent.Sooner rootstock pruning resulted in a better effect.Pruning the rootstocks within 5 d after grafting not only could improve the quality of seedlings,but also could reduce the cost for seedling management.

Effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination and initial seedling development of Albizia saman in the nursery

Albizia saman （Jacq.） F. Muell. commonly known as rain tree seeds were treated with five pre-sowing treatments to study the effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination and initial seedling development in the nursery.The experiment was established in the nursery of the Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences.University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Results revealed that Nail clipping in one side of the seed （at the distal end of the seed） （T4） provides the highest （50%） seed germination. The second highest germination （42%） was obtained for the seeds treated with immersion in cold water for 24 h （T1）. Germination was completely inhibited when the seeds immersed in boiled water for 30 s followed in cold water soaking for 24 h. Other germination parameter and initial morphological growth and biomass production of the seedlings was also higher for the treatments T4and Ti in comparison to the control （Ta）treatment. Pre-sowing treatments of T4 e.g. Nail clipping in one side of the seed （at the distal end of the seed） and T1 （Seeds immersed in cold water for 24 h） may be recommended for maximum germination and initial vigorous seedlings growth of Albizia sarnan in the nursery.

Effect of microbial inoculants on Albizia saman germination and seedling growth

Microbial Inoculants as Effective Microorganisms （EM） were applied to find out their effects on germination and seedling growth of Albizia saman in the nursery. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soils and cow dung （3：1） kept in polybags. The EM solution at different concentrations （0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%） was incorporated before and after a week of sowing seeds. Germination and physical growth parameters, including shoot and root length, vigor index, collar diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment over the control were measured. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the estimation of chemical parameters like chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid. Both germination and the measured physical growth parameters were found significantly （P〈0.05） higher in seedlings treated with different concentrations of EM solution in comparison to the control. Maximum growth was found at 2% followed by 1% EM solution. Nodulation was higher at 0.1% concentration but it normally decreased with the increase of concentrations. Although there were a higher amount of pigments in leaves of the treated seedlings than of the control, the variations recorded with respect to chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were not significantly higher in most of the treatments. Treated seedlings showed variable results along with the increment of EM applications and most of the parameters showed best results at the medium range of concentrations. The study indicates that the Microbial Inoculant （EM） technology might be useful to improve the growth of seedlings in the nursery. This also indicates that the associated beneficial organisms along with the polybag soils might be of value in improving the degraded soil or poor field soil for better nutrient and water uptake during the initial growth of transplanted seedlings.

Influence of Temperature and Salinity on Germination of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) Seeds

Seagrass restoration as part of ocean ecosystem protection has been launched for many years all over the world, but intensive research on this subject in China has just begun in recent years. Seed broadcasting has been widely accepted as the most potentially useful method for seagrass restoration over large areas. We examined the influence of key environmental factors on seed germination to help promote eelgrass bed restoration. Under anoxic conditions, the influence of temperature and salinity on the germination rate of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) seeds was examined at different combinations of four temperatures (4, 9, 14, and 24℃) and nine salinities (5 to 45, increment of 5). The effect of significant interaction of temperature and salinity on germination rate was observed (ANOVA) (P<0.001). The highest germination rate (83.3 ± 3.5)% was reached in 8 weeks at 14℃ and salinity 5. Higher temperature significantly increased the germination rate at salinity 5 (P<0.001) during the whole observation period except for 24℃, while lower salinity significantly increased the germination rate at 14℃ (P<0.001). Although significant interaction was found between temperature and salinity (P<0.001), the influence of salinity was stronger than that of temperature for the germination of eelgrass seeds. These results provide useful information for the propagation of artificial seedlings for seagrass restoration in China.

Influence of Dietary Probiotic Bacillus TC22 and Prebiotic Fructooligosaccharide on Growth,Immune Responses and Disease Resistance against Vibrio splendidus Infection in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The effects of probiotic Bacillus TC22 (isolated from intestine of infected sea cucumber) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, immunity and disease resistance in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied. Six experimental diets were formulated with combinations of three levels of TC22 (0, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet) and two levels of FOS (0 and 0.5%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial,animals were challenged by injecting Vibrio splendidus. The results revealed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of sea cucumbers were not affected by TC22 and FOS, or the interaction between TC22 and FOS (P > 0.05). However,there were significant interactions between TC22 and FOS for immune response and disease resistance in sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). When sea cucumbers were fed with TC22 at 109 CFU g?1 feed and 0.5% FOS alone or in combination, the phagocytosis, respiratory burst and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes were significantly enhanced;the disease resistance against V. splendidus infection was also increased significantly (P < 0.05).However, dietary combination of TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet and 0.5% FOS did not yield significantly higher efficiency than either TC22 at 109 CFU g-1 diet or 0.5% FOS used alone (P > 0.05). Therefore, further studies should examine the effects of combinations of other levels of FOS(> 0.5% or < 0.5%) and TC22 on the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers.

Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria from Seagrass Rhizosphere Soil

Phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains(6 Nos.) were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of two seagrasses(Halophila ovalis(R.Br.) Hook and Halodule pinifolia(Miki) Hartog) in the Vellar estuary.Experimental studies found that the strain PSSG6 was effective in phosphate solubilization with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 375 ± 8.54,followed by the strain PSSG5 with Phosphate Solubilization efficiency index E = 275 ± 27.3.Of the 6 strains isolated,the strains PSSG4 and PSSG5 be-longed to the genus Bacillus,and PSSG1,PSSG2 and PSSG3 were identified as Citrobacter sp.,Shigella sp.,and Klebsiella sp.,respectively,by conventional method,and PSSG6 was identified as Bacillus circulans using conventional and molecular methods.

Effect of Some Bioproducts on Winter Mortality of Grafted Buds and the Number of Maiden Fruit Trees Produced in an Organic Nursery

In an organic nursery, various bioproducts were used to stimulate plant growth： Fertigo （granulated bovine manure）, Micosat, Humus UP （humic acids microbiologically enriched）, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM （beneficial microorganisms）, BioFeed Amin, BioFeed Quality, Tytanit, and Vinassa. One of the aims of the study was to determine the effect of these products on the ability of grafted buds of apple and sour cherry cultivars to survive the winter. Losses resulting from the freezing of buds during winter dormancy were calculated as the difference between the number of buds deemed to have taken in autumn and the number of live buds that began to develop properly in the spring of the following year. In autumn, the number of maiden trees obtained in each fertilization combination was also determined in the same nursery. The greatest tendency to die in winter was shown by apple and sour cherry buds in those combinations in which the rootstocks were supplied with a mineral fertilizer with NPK components, and the smallest where humic preparations （so-called vermiculites） were used. The type of fertilizer had an indirect influence not only on the number of grafted buds that died in winter as a result of freezing, but also on the final number of maiden trees obtained from a given area of the nursery.

Study Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance Enzymes in Bacillus Species in Some of Foods

The subject of this study was to survey prevalence Beta lactamase enzyme in Bacillus species isolated from foods in Isfahan city in Iran. This is a laboratory study performed during 2009-2010 years in Isfahan. In this study, 150 samples of food, including juice ketchup, mayonnaise,

抗菌肽CGA-N12对兔播散性白念珠菌感染的治疗效果及机制研究

通过制备多肽CGA-N12抗白念珠菌的体外实验及抗兔播散性白念珠菌感染模型的体内实验探讨CGA-N12对兔播散性白色念珠菌感染的抗菌活性及相关机制。方法 体外细胞试验检测CGA-N12在体外抗白念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度。体内动物试验采用新西兰大白兔播散性白念珠菌感染模型,计算治愈率、死亡率绘制生存曲线及相关免疫细胞、细胞因子检测。结果 通过体外细胞实验阐明CGA-N12具有抗菌活性及抗菌强;通过动物实验阐明CGA-N12与传统抗生素伊曲康唑比较具有相同的抗菌活性,但没有肝肾功能损伤,并通过相关分子及细胞因子等检测探索CGA-N12参与免疫功能的机制。结论 从体外到体内,分子-细胞-动物层次阐明CGA-N12对兔播散性白色念珠菌感染的抗菌活性及相关机制。为播散性白色念珠菌感染的治疗提供新靶点。

Effects of cadmium stress on seed germination and seedling growth of Elymus dahuricus infected with the Neotyphodium endophyte

Various cadmium （Cd） concentrations （0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μmol L-1） affected Elymus dahuricus seed germination, seed- ling growth, antioxidative enzymes activities （AEA）, and amounts of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline present. These in- fluences were determined for separate E. dahuricus cohorts known to be either infected （E＋） or non-infected （E-） by a Neo- typhodium endophyte. Under high Cd concentrations （100, 200 and 300 lamol L-l）, E＋ specimens showed a significantly （P〈0.05） higher germination rate and index, as well as higher values for shoot length, root length and dry biomass. However, the germination rate and index, root length and dry weight did not show a significant （P〈0.05） difference under the low Cd concentrations （0 and 50 μmol L^-1）. AEA and proline content increased, as did MDA content, in the E＋ （vs. E-） specimens under high Cd concentrations. There was no significant （P〉0.05） difference under low Cd concentrations. Endophyte infection was concluded to be of benefit to E. dahuricus exposed to high Cd concentrations.

Ecotoxicological Tools for Landfarming Soil Evaluation in a Petrochemical Complex Area

The demand for simple and rapid bioassays in ecotoxicological evaluations is of paramount importance in order to speed up environmental monitoring programs.In this study we performed bioassays with lettuce seeds and two species of terrestrial isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio dilatatus) for the ecotoxicological assessment of a landfarming soil from a petrochemical complex area.The solubilized content of test soil demonstrated a concentration-response type toxic effect on seed germination rate,and a delay on germination,but showed toxic effect on seedlings wet weight only at the highest concentration.Toxic effects were also observed in mortality rate and avoidance behavior of the two woodlice species.These results demonstrated the sensitiveness of the organisms studied,and highlighted the possibility to use these bioassays in environmental monitoring programs in areas contaminated with fossil fuels.