花江峡谷岩生草本植物群落及其氮磷计量特征

花江峡谷是位于喀斯特地区典型的中亚热带干热河谷。选取花江峡谷区域内的岩生草本植物群落为研究对象,研究不同海拔岩生草本植物群落的群落特征、氮磷化学计量特征及两者之间的关系。结果表明:调查区域内共有岩生草本植物16种,有荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)+显子草(Phaenonperma globosum)草本植物群落、荩草草本植物群落、荩草+白茅草(Imperata cylindrica)草本植物群落和白茅+小颖羊茅草(Festuca parvigluma)草本植物群落4种群落类型。各样地的物种相似度与海拔高度表现为正相关,而物种多样性、替代速率、土壤N、P含量和水热因子与海拔高度表现为负相关,生物量呈单峰型的曲线变化趋势,样地2获取的生物量最大。各样地土壤和植物叶片的N、P含量都极低,叶片N/P比值显示大多数植物的生长表现为缺N限制。物种重要值与植物叶片N/P比值表现为极强的正相关关系,与P含量表现为中等程度的负相关关系,而与N含量的相关性较弱。

翅碱蓬的抗氧化活性研究

用硫代巴比妥酸法测定了翅碱蓬提取物的抗氧化作用。实验表明 ,翅碱蓬的水、甲醇、正己烷提取物对亚油酸脂质过氧化均有良好的阻断作用 ,其中以正己烷提取物阻断能力最强 ;并用化学发光分析法对抗氧化作用的机理进行了研究 ,结果发现翅碱蓬对 O-·2 自由基有较强的清除作用 ,而对 OH·自由基几乎无作用 ,这说明翅碱蓬主要是通过清除 O-·2 来达到其抗氧化作用的。

Identification and quality evaluation of Lepidium meyenii. (Maca) based on gas chromatographic analysis of its essential oils from roots

Lepidium meyeniiWalp. （Maca）, a perennial herbaceous plant with narrow distdbution in the Andean region, was cultivated by local residents as early as 1600 B.C. It has high nutritional values and multiple medicinal effects. In recent years the plant source of Maca has been greatly scarce since Maca products are increasingly becoming popular in the world. This makes the study urgent on the identification and quality evaluation of Maca materials. In present work, four Mace samples of different origins or handlings and three other natural plants, including radish, odental ginseng and American ginseng, were investigated. Their essential oils （steam distillates） of the hypogeal parts were weighed and analyzed by GC/MS. Through comparison of the characteristics of their chromatograms, it was found that the essential oil of Maca had unique GC/MS behaviors, and the characteristic peaks produced by the major essential oil components （Phenylacetonitrile, Benzaldehyde, 3-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile, etc） were distinct. Furthermore, the chromatograms of several Maca samples showed a similar qualitative pattern except for some differences in the quantitative composition, and the percentage of total essential oils in the samples varied from 0.88 % to 1.59 %. These behaviors and technologies can be applied to the identification of Maca materials in the markets and be a supplement to assess the quality of Maca matedals.

Intraclonal Resource Sharing and Functional Specialization of Ramets in Response to Resource Heterogeneity in Three Stoloniferous Herbs

Environments with reciprocal patchiness of resources, in which the availability of two resources such as light and soil nutrients are patchily distributed in horizontal space and negatively correlated in each patch, are common in many ecosystems. The strategies by which clonal plants adapt to this type of heterogeneous environment were examined in three stoloniferous herbs,Potentilla reptans L. var. sericophylla Franch., P. anserina L. and Halerpestes ruthenica (Jacq.) Qvcz., commonly inhabiting forest understories, grasslands and low saline meadows, respectively. As pairs of connected ramets were subjected to reciprocal patchiness of light and nutrients, stolon connection between the two ramets significantly enhanced biomass of both ramet growing in low light intensity but high soil nutrient condition (LH ramet) and ramet growing in high light intensity but low soil nutrient condition (HL ramet) as well as whole ramet pairs (consisting of LH ramets and HL ramets). Additionally, stolon connection greatly increased root/shoot ratio of LH ramet while significantly decreased that of HL ramet. The results indicate that a reciprocal transportation of resources between interconnected ramets and a functional specialization of ramets in uptake of abundant resources occurred. By resource sharing and functional specialization, clonal plants can efficiently acquire locally abundant resources and buffer the stress caused by reciprocal patchiness of resources.

青贮用墨西哥玉米草栽培技术

墨西哥玉米草是由国外引进的遗传稳定的饲草新品种,系一年生草本植物。其株高3～4米,分蘖能力强,每丛有30～60多个分枝,有的多达90多个分枝,茎秆粗壮,枝叶繁茂, 质地松脆，具有甜味，牛、羊、猪、鱼、鸡、鸭、鹅都喜食。对土壤要求不严，我国大部分农区都可种植。

Growth and Competition of Fourteen Herb Species in Experimental Microcoenosiums

Growth and competition of 14 herb species were investigated in the experimental microcoenosiums in laboratory under the following environmental factors and treatment levels: high and low fertility, clipping and un-clipping, and with and without microbial infusion. The most intense competition and the biggest difference in biomass among the species were detected in the high fertility microcoenosiums subjected to no clipping disturbance. Clippings or low fertility reduced the growth of the competitors and resulted in more even biomass distribution among the species. Successive clippings reduced the total accumulative biomass of the microcoenosiums. Microbial infusion significantly increased the growth of legume species Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium pratense L. The growth of Alopecurus pratensis L. was also raised by microbial infusion, whereas Dactylis glomerata L. had more biomass in without-microbial-infusion microcoenosiums than in microbial infusion ones. Most of the 14 species were not obviously affected. The positive effect of microbial infusion was more marked in the low fertility microcoenosiums.

Research on Stoichiometry of Early-spring Herbs Functional Group in the Subtropical Artificial Wetland

[Objective]The aim was to carry out stoichiometry on the early-spring herbs functional group in subtropical artificial wetland.[Method]UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Potassium persulfate absorptiometry was used for the measurement of total N content,while the flame photometer was used to detect the potassium and sodium concentration in plants.All the nutrient determination of plant samples were repeated for four times.[Result]The four nutrient concentrations in almost all samples were in the normal range of natural plant nutrition concentrations;in early-spring herbs functional groups,different species showed diversity on the nutrient concentrations;plant height had no significant effect on the nutrient concentrations in plants;the nutrient concentrations of non-grass group plants were higher than that of grass group plants;the nutrient concentrations of the annual herb were higher than that of perennial herbs.[Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the understanding of the effects of changes in nutritional conditions on species diversity,community structure and succession of the system.

香辣凉拌鱼腥草的制作

鱼腥草，又名蕺菜、侧耳根、赤耳根，属三白草科多年生草本植物，是一种常用中药材，具有清热解毒、利尿通淋等功效，抗菌、抗病毒作用明显，可防治多种疾病；其嫩根、嫩茎叶还是一种营养丰富、强身健体、风味俱佳的特种保健蔬菜，吃起来，

Study on Flowering, Cultivation, and Reproduction of Agave americana Var. Marginata Hort. (Agavaceae)

Agave americana Var. Marginata Hort. （Agavaceae） is a perennial herb. This paper summarized its classification, distribution, morphological characteristics, habit, flowering and fruiting, cultivation and reproduction, as well as multiple uses in daily life, which provided references for the exploitation and utilization of Agave americana Vat. Marginata Hort. （Agavaceae）.

Vegetation-environment Relationships Between Northern Slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin,East Tianshan Mountains

Based on data from 22 sample plots and applying the Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）, this paper discusses the vegetation-environment relationships between the northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Ba- sin, which is situated in the easternmost end of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. For the zonal vegetation, community diversity of mountain vegetation is higher than that of the desert vegetation due to environmental factors. The CCA ordination diagram revealed that the composition and distribution of vegetation types are mainly determined by altitude, soil pH and soil salt content. With increasing elevation, the soil pH and total salt content decrease but the contents of soil organic matter, soil water, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increase gradu- ally. In the CCA ordination diagrams, the sample plots and main species can be divided into five types according to their adaptations to the environmental factors. Type Ⅰ is composed of desert vegetation distributed on the low moun- tains, hills, plains and deserts below an elevation of 1900 m; type Ⅱ is distributed in the mountain and desert ecotone with an elevation of 1900-2300 m, and includes steppe desert, desert steppe and wetland meadow; type Ⅲ is very sim- ply composed of only salinized meadow; type Ⅳ is distributed above an elevation of 2300 m, containing mountain steppe, meadow steppe, subalpine meadow and alpine meadow; type Ⅴ only contains salinized meadow. The results show that with increasing elevation, species combination changes from the xerophytic shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbs distributed in the low altitude zone with arid climate to the cold-tolerant perennial herbs growing in the high altitudinal zone with cold climate.

Study on Biological Characters of Asparagus macowanii Baker.

Asparagus macowanfi Baker, is a climbing herbaceous foliage species in genus Asparagus of Liliaceae, This paper summarized its multiple uses, morphologi- cal characteristics, biological habit, reproduction methods, management after cultiva- tion, prevention and control of pests and disease, as well as harvest and grading, with the objective to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of As- paragus macowanii Baker.

Effective Seed Distribution Pattern of an Upward Shift Species in Alpine Tundra of Changbai Mountains

The vegetation of alpine tundra in the Changbai Mountains has experienced great changes in recent decades. Narrowleaf small reed(Deyeuxia angustifolia), a perennial herb from the birch forest zone had crossed the tree line and invaded into the alpine tundra zone. To reveal the driven mechanism of D. angustifolia invasion, there is an urgent need to figure out the effective seed distribution pattern, which could tell us where the potential risk regions are and help us to interpret the invasion process. In this study, we focus on the locations of the seeds in the soil layer and mean to characterize the effective seed distribution pattern of D. angustifolia. The relationship between the environmental variables and the effective seed distribution pattern was also assessed by redundancy analysis. Results showed that seeds of D. angustifolia spread in the alpine tundra with a considerable number(mean value of 322 per m2). They were mainly distributed in the low elevation areas with no significant differences in different slope positions. Effective seed number(ESN) occurrences of D. angustifolia were different in various plant communities. Plant communities with lower canopy cover tended to have more seeds of D. angustifolia. Our research indicated reliable quantitative information on the extent to which habitats are susceptible to invasion.

Cultivation of Perennial Herbaceous Legumes in Weed Management in Coffee Plantation on the Cerrado

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cultivation of perennial herbaceous legumes on weed control and yield of the coffee crop in the Cerrado. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. The 10 treatments tested in factorial 4 × 2 ＋ 2, were four legumes： forage peanut （Arachis pintoi）, hybrid Java （Macrotyloma axillare）, perennial soybean （Neonotonia wightii） and wild ground nut （Calopogonium mucunoides）; two forms in the interrows of coffee plants with two and three rows of legumes spaced by 0.50 m and 0.25 m, respectively; and two additional treatments consisted of hand weeding with hoe and chemical control with glyphosate. The hybrid Java and wild ground nut in the first year and the hybrid Java and perennial soybean in the second year, all followed by forage peanut, promoted lower density and biomass of the weeds. The wild ground nut in the first year and forage peanut in the second year showed higher soil cover. The hybrid Java had its highest biomass production in two years, and wild ground nut being higher in the first year. The cultivation of perennial herbaceous legumes promoted weed control without interfering in the productivity of the coffee crop.

Self-renewal Capacity of Several Species of the Genus Sternbergia Possessing Medicinal Properties

The present work dealt with sexual reproduction capacity of three relic species of the genus Sternbergia （family AmaryUidaceae） distributed in the Caucasus, i.e., Sternbergia lutea （L.） Ker Gawl. ex Spreng., Sternbergiafischeriana （Herb.） Roem and Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. ＆ Kit.. Under this study, the natural populations of species, which possess valuable medicinal and ornamental properties, have been assessed by experts as vulnerable, and S. colchiciflora is included in the red list of endemic plants of the Caucasus, as having status of the critically endangered species. The situation is aggravated by the poor self-regeneration capacity of these species, which is one of the main factors responsible for the sustainability of the population of this or that species in the wild. Self-regeneration capacity for sexual reproduction was investigated in the listed species of the genus Sternbergia using common methods of embryology and reproduction biology. In conditions of the National Botanical Garden of Georgia （NBGG）, the species S. lutea and S. fischeriana prove to be completely infertile and propagate vegetatively by bulblets, while S. colchiciflora revealed the ability for propagation by seed. Long-term conservation of seeds of the studied species S. colchiciflora in the Caucasus Regional Seed Bank （CRSB） and establishing of living collections of this species at the experimental plot were chosen as the method for safeguarding this critically endangered species.

串叶松香草栽培技术

松香草属菊科多年生宿根草本植物．原产加拿大和美国北部，是一种新兴的很有发展前途的饲料作物。经中国科学院引入我国试种，证明松香草适应性强，一般的土地都能种植，产草量高，3年生松香草每667m^2产鲜枝叶2万kg以上，管理简单，很少有病虫害发生，此草营养成分丰富，含粗蛋白达18％～23％，另外还富含17种氨基酸。

封面图片介绍

白术（Atractylodes macrocephala）属菊科苍术属多年生草本植物，高约30-60厘米。根状茎肥厚，略呈拳状；茎直立，叶互生，裂片椭圆形，边缘有刺。秋季开紫色管状花，头状花序顶生。

秋日平补芡实好

中医认为，秋季有利于调养生机，除旧更新，是人体最适宜进补的季节。但秋季进补，应选用“补而不峻”“防燥不腻”的平补之品，此类补品首推芡实。