北京市昌平区不同生菜品种病害调查与病原鉴定

为了解北京市昌平区生菜病害发生情况,为生菜栽培以及生菜病害的防治工作提供必要依据。对北京市昌平区温室栽培的10个生菜品种的病害种类、病株率进行调查,并对病原物进行分离纯化和形态鉴定。调查的10个生菜品种共发生3种病害,分别是生菜霜霉病、生菜灰霉病和生菜软腐病。显微形态观察和鉴定结果表明,生菜霜霉病和生菜灰霉病的病原物分别为莴苣盘梗霉Bremia lactucae和灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea。病害调查结果显示,除了‘北散生2号’外,其他生菜品种上均有病害发生。‘北紫生3号’与‘红皱’品种只发生了生菜灰霉病,并且病株率较低,分别是6.8%和9.6%,表现相对抗病。所有调查的品种中,‘北散生2号’品种对以上3种病害的抗性较好。

京津冀41个生菜品种对南方根结线虫病田间抗性的初步研究

选择京津冀地区主栽生菜品种,在温室内开展了自然感病条件下生菜对南方根结线虫的抗性研究。结果表明,41个供试品种全部受到根结线虫病为害,其中22个品种对根结线虫抗性较好,表现为高抗或抗病,占被试品种的53.66%。结球、散叶和直立3类品种间根结线虫病抗性表现存在较大差异,其中结球品种总体上抗性较弱,感病和中感的品种占该类型总数的81.82%;散叶品种总体上抗病性较强,表现为高抗和抗病的品种占该类型总数的73.91%;直立品种则介于二者之间。此外,紫叶和绿叶两类品种之间,田间抗性表现则无明显差异。

Comparative Experiments on Different Varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under Dry Farming Conditions

[Objective] The aim was to screen varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L.for cultivation in arid,semi-arid areas.[Method] The cultivation experiments of seven varieties of P.vulgaris under dry farming conditions were carried out in typical dry farming agriculture region Yangqu County in North China.[Result] The plants of Teyoutejiadou,Chaojiwujing and Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong were relatively strong;the growth rate of Aifeng,Jingxuanjiadouwang and Chaochangsijidou was relatively rapid;the transpiration rate of functional leaves of Aifeng was the lowest.The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang was significant higher than that of other varieties,the unit yield was up to 36.33 t/hm2,which was 1.39 times higher than that of Aifeng and 1.9 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong;followed by the yield of Aifeng（26.07 t/hm2）,which was 1.37 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong.[Conclusion] The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang and Aifeng was relatively high,as well as the protein content,indicating that they were suitable to be applied and cultivated in the experimental plot and surrounding areas.

大棚蕹菜水旱轮作栽培技术

随着设施蔬菜栽培的不断发展,单一的耕作方式和作物品种,以及过分地追求产量而盲目超量使用化肥,使设施蔬菜生产中连作障碍问题日益严重,解决此问题迫在眉睫。把大棚蕹菜水旱轮作栽培技术引进设施农业中,不仅解决了设施连作障碍的问题,而且充分利用了资源,增加了收益。

A Resistance Bioassay for Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot and Damping-off Caused by the Anastomosis Groups AG 2-2111B and AG 4 in Sugar Beet

In order to determine the level of resistance of sugar beet varieties against Rhizoctonia solani AG 2-21IIB and AG 4, a methodology was implemented under greenhouse conditions that contemplated the most important criteria regarding to plant-pathogen interaction. The effect of plant growth stage on the development of the disease was evaluated. Seven sugar beet varieties were tested for resistance to R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4. To detect differences in leaf temperature between/L solani inoculated plants and non-infected plants, an infrared （IR） camera was tested. High incidence of R. solani AG 2-2IIIB and AG 4 in sugar beet plants was evident when the fungal inoculum was applied to two and four weeks old plants. At four weeks after sowing, it was the optimum time to inoculate sugar beet plants in order to generate R. solani infection, since at this time all plants were infected. Significant differences were detected regarding disease incidence between sugar beet varieties inoculated with different anastomosis groups. Leaf temperature was significant different between inoculated and non-inoculated plants, demonstrated that this technique could be a new tool for breeders to screen for resistance of new varieties.

Screening of Ratooning Rice Varieties Suitable for Ratooning Rice-Rape Cropping Planting Pattern in Ganfu Plain

[Objective] To screen ratooning rice varieties for the ratooning rice-rape cropping planting pattern in Ganfu Plain. [Method] The growth period, plant morphology, yield and its component of 11 varieties at the first and rebirth season were compared and analyzed. [Result] The ratooning rice varieties such as Heliangyou -1, Y Liangyou 6, Zhunliangyou 608 and Jingliangyouhuazhan were suitable for the production and application in Ganfu Plain. Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 showed the characteristics of early maturity, easy to achieve high yield and stable production. [Conclusion] It suggests that Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 should be selected as preferred varieties for the planting pattern of ratooning rice-rape cropping.

LED红蓝光连续光照对五种生菜生长、光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在环境可控的人工光植物工厂内,以常规光照(光周期12 h/12 h、光强240μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),NL)为对照,研究了LED红蓝光连续光照(光周期24 h/0 h、光强240μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),CL)对5种水培生菜生长、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,与NL处理相比,CL处理15 d后5种生菜的地上部和根系干鲜重及干鲜比均显著增加。除‘紫悦’外4种生菜CL处理的茎粗、叶厚、比叶重、叶面积和叶片叶绿素含量均显著高于NL处理。除‘绿罗’外4种生菜CL处理的净光合速率相比NL显著下降。CL处理下5种生菜的气孔导度,‘大速生’和‘紫珊’的胞间CO_2浓度以及其余3种生菜的蒸腾速率均显著低于NL处理。CL处理下‘紫珊’的初始荧光(F_o)和最大荧光产量(F_m)以及‘绿罗’生菜的F_m略有降低,其余品种的F_o和F_m略有升高或无显著差异。CL处理使‘紫珊’生菜的PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和PSII潜在光化学效率(F_v/F_o)显著降低,其余品种略有降低或无显著变化。总之,CL处理15 d能够显著促进生菜生长,但会导致光合速率的下降及不同程度的光抑制。5种生菜对CL光照适应性存在显著差异,其中‘绿罗’生菜对CL的适应性最强。