生血素口服液对动物造血功能的影响

目的探讨生血素口服液对动物造血功能的影响。方法制作环磷酰胺(CTX)腹腔注射及60Coγ射线照射致小鼠造血功能损害模型和失血性贫血大鼠模型。小鼠造血功能损害每种模型分5组。分别以生血素口服液原液(生药浓度0.42g·mL1)、生血素口服液稀释液(生药浓度0.21g·mL1)、利血生药液和0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,0.5mL·次1,bid;另设一阴性对照组,不给予任何处理。失血性贫血大鼠模型分3组,分别灌胃给予生血素口服液原液(生药浓度0.42g·mL1)、生血素口服液稀释液(生药浓度0.21g·mL1)和0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,0.5mL·次1,bid。测定各组小鼠白细胞、血小板数、血红蛋白、骨髓有核细胞数、脾指数及大鼠血红蛋白。结果与给予0.9%氯化钠溶液的小鼠比较,给予生血素口服液原液灌胃的小鼠的白细胞数、血小板数、骨髓有核细胞数和脾指数均显著升高(均P<0.01),给予生血素口服液稀释液的小鼠的血小板数亦升高(P<0.05)。生血素口服液原液的作用与利血生药液的作用相当。给予生血素原液的大鼠血液中血红蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.01)。结论生血素口服液能明显减轻化学药物及射线导致的小鼠造血功能损害,并能促进失血性贫血大鼠血红蛋白恢复,以上作用呈剂量依赖性。目的探讨生血素口服液对动物造血功能的影响。方法制作环磷酰胺(CTX)

生血素改善肾性贫血维持期用量探讨

目的：探讨维持期皮下注射生血素的最小有效用量。方法：维持性透析患者２０例，１８例血液透析，２例腹膜透析、治疗前红细胞压积＜２８％，纠正期皮下注射生血素 ２ ０００ ＩＵ／次，每周 ３次，４周后红细胞压积上升小于 ２％，剂量增加 ２０ ＩＵ／ｋｇ／Ｗ，直至红细胞压积达到 ３０％。维持期皮下注射生血素 ２ ０００ ＩＵ／次，每周 ２次，根据红细胞压积情况调整用量，观察半年。结果：２０例患者中１４例用药６周后达标，３例１２周达标，２例１６周达标，１例无效（未在统计之中）。用药后６周血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞、网织红细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１），血小板（Ｐ＜０．０５）较用药前明显升高。血清总蛋白较用药前明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５），肝、肾功，离子无明显变化，纠正期生血素最大用量为（１１５．７３±２３．７７） ＩＵ／ｋｇ／Ｗ，维持期最小用量为（５９．７１±１９．５１）ＩＵ／ｋｇ／Ｗ。副作用除血压升高之外，未见其他不良反应。结论：维持期最小有效剂量约为最大剂量的 １／２，每周用 ６ ０００ ＩＵ的患者维持期可用 ３ ０００ ＩＵ，血红蛋白及红细胞压积可维持在标准范围内。

生血素的研制及临床应用研究

本文总结了用酶水解猪血成水解液并配制成无菌口服液——生血素，临床应用于治疗儿童缺铁性贫血，取得满意的治疗效果，总有效率９４％，对消化道无副作用。

生血素口服液的制备及质量标准研究

生血素口服液的制备及质量标准研究湖北省人民医院药学部（４３００６０）周本宏，罗顺德，韩德世，蔡鸿生，尹武华生血素口服液是我院研制的治疗小儿营养缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）的纯中药口服液，是由当归、黄芪等药精制而成，实验研究表明它具有提高免疫功能、促进骨髓造血...

生血素抗贫血的实验研究

目的 :通过复制动物贫血模型 ,观察生血素抗贫血效应 ,为其防治贫血提供试验依据。方法 :分别采用营养法和失血法造成大鼠缺铁性贫血 (IDA)和小鼠失血性贫血模型 ,观测IDA大鼠的HB ,RBC ,HCT ,MCHC值 ,血清铁 ,血清铁蛋白的含量和降低总铁结合力的指标。结果 :生血素以 0 .5～ 2 g·kg-1的剂量 ,给缺铁性贫血(IDA)大鼠灌胃 15d和失血性贫血小鼠灌胃 7d ,可明显增加IDA大鼠HB ,RBC ,HCT ,MCHC值 ,能增加血清铁、血清铁蛋白的含量和降低总铁结合力 ,促进大鼠生长发育 ,可增加失血性贫血小鼠HB ,RBC值。结论 :生血素具有抗贫血效应。

生血素治疗血液透析贫血患者不同应用途径的对照研究

生血素(Recormon)即重组红细胞生成素(rHu-EPO-β),我们对血液透析贫血患者应用生血素静脉和皮下注射进行对照研究,效果满意,现在报告如下。 一、材料和方法 27例终末期肾病患者,其中原发性肾小球肾炎22例,糖尿病肾病3例,肾动脉硬化1例,慢性肾盂肾炎1例。男性14例,女性13例,年龄35～73岁,平均49.1±11.9岁。透析时间均超过3个月。患者治疗前未用任何生血药、激素、免疫抑制药,无感染和严重营养不良。用药前一个月未输血,患者Hct<0.24,收缩压<18.7kPa才进入观察组。 27例患者随机分为两组:A组(15例),静脉用药;

生血素口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文通过实验考察了生血素口服液对小鼠血清溶血素、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及淋巴细胞转化率的影响，表明生血素口服液对小鼠免疫功能有明显的增强作用。

Effects of Ghrelin Antisense Inhibition on VEGF and Its Receptor Flt-1 mRNA Expression

[ Objective] This study was to investigate the effect of VEGF and its receptor Fit-1 mRNA expression in Mongolia sheep umbilical vein endothelial cells by ghrelin antisense inhibition. [ Method] Experiments were divided into 4 groups： group Ⅰ （blank control group） ; group Ⅱ （liposome group） ; group Ⅲ （SCON group： 20 μmol/L sense oligonucleotide） ; group Ⅳ （ASCON： 20 μmol/L antisense oligonucleotide）. VEGF and its receptor Fit-1 mRNA expression changes were detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative detection after 24, 36 and 48 h. [ Result] The expression of VEGF mRNA in group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ were insignificantly different at higher expression levels, and did not change significantly with the time; the expression of VEGF mRNA in group Ⅲ assumed a slight decrease, but there were no significant differences between group I and group Ⅱ （P 〉0.05）, the expression of VEGF mRNA in group Ⅳ（antisense oligonucleotide group ） decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05） ; the expression of VEGF receptor FLT-1 mRNA was similar to that of VEGF. [ Conclusion] Antisense inhibition ghrelin has a downward effect to the expression of VEGF and its receptor Fit-1 the mRNA.

Anemia in Rural China’s Elementary Schools: Prevalence and Correlates in Northwest Area

[Objective] The goal of this paper was to measure anemia prevalence and identify factors that correlate with anemia among school-aged children in rural areas, provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and treatment. [Method] The data set covered three provinces in northwest area. We detected hemoglobin of the sample pupils randomly chosen from the 3rd-6th grade of 305 rural elementary schools in 26 poor counties, and carried out questionnaires among them. [Result] 25.24% of the pupils had anemia, most of them were girl and the lower grade stu- dents. The multiple-regression revealed that the eating habits and family condition had certain impact on their anemia. [Conclusion] Anemia is still a serious problem of rural pupils. Improving diet conditions, providing balanced meals, enhancing the knowledge of the principals, teachers and parents about anemia and the importance of students＇ nutritional status and health contribute to the prevention and treatment of anemia of rural pupils.

Increased protein and mRNA expression of endostatin in the ischemic brain tissue of rabbits after middle cerebral artery occlusion

Objective To explore the changes of endostatin （a strong anti-angiogenesis factor） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the brain tissues of rabbits following cerebral ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. Methods Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups： control （n = 5）, sham-operation （n = 4）, 2-hour ischemia （n = 5）, 24-hour ischemia （n = 5）, and 48-hour ischemia （n = 5）. The expression of VEGF and endostatin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In situ hybridization was used to characterize the expression of mRNA for the endostatin. Results Both the protein （at least 50%, P 〈 0.01） and mRNA （at least 70%, P 〈 0.05） of endostatin increased significantly in the ischemic brain tissues after MCAO compared with the control group. VEGF increased at least 270% in the brain after cerebral ischemia （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Cerebral ischemia leads to an up-regulation of endostatin in the brain, which is not associated with the increase of VEGF in the brain. The increase of endostatin may serve as a deleterious mechanism for ischemic injury through blocking angiogenesis.

Microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in bile cultures from endoscopic retrograde cholangiography patients

AIM： To identify the frequency of bacterial growth, the most commonly grown bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility, and risk factors for bacterial colonization in bile collected from patients with different biliary dis- eases. METHODS： This prospective study was conducted be- tween April 2010 and August 2011. Patients with vari- ous biliary disorders were included. Bile was aspirated by placing a single-use, 5F, standard sphincterotome catheter into the bile duct before the injection of con- trast agent during endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreaticography （ERCP）. Bile specimens were trans- ported to the microbiology laboratory in blood culture bottles within an anaerobic transport system. Bacteria were cultured and identified according to the standard protocol used in our clinical microbiology laboratory. The susceptibilities of the organisms recovered were identified using antimicrobial disks, chosen according tothe initial gram stain of the positive cultures RESULTS： Ninety-one patients （27% male, mean age 53.7 4- 17.5 years, range： 17-86 years） were included in the study. The main indication for ERCP was benign biliary disease in 79 patients and malignant disease in 12 patients. The bile culture was positive for bacterial growth in 46 out of 91 （50.5%） patients. The most frequently encountered organisms were Gram-negative bacteria including Escherich/a coli （28.2%）, Pseudo- monas （17.3%） and Stenotrophomonas rnaltophilia （15.2%）. There were no significant differences between patients with malignant and benign disease （58% vs 49%, P = 0.474）, patients with acute cholangitis and without acute cholangitis （52.9% vs 50%, P = 0.827）, patients who were empirically administered antibiotics before intervention and not administered （51.4% vs 60.7%, P = 0.384）, with regard to the bacteriobilia. We observed a large covering spectrum or low resistance to meropenem, amikacin and imipenem. CONCLUSION： We did not find a significant risk fac- tor for bacteriobilia in patients with biliary obstruction. A bile sample for microbiological analysis may become a valuable diagnostic tool as it leads to more accurate selection of antibiotics for the treatment of cholangitis.

Effects of angiopoietin-1 on attachment and metastasis of human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823

AIM： To evaluate the effects of angiopoietin-1 （Ang-1） on adhesion of gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 and expression of integrin β1, CD44V6, urokinase-type plasminogen activator （uPA） and matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）. METHODS： BGC-823 cells were transfected transiently with adenovirus-Ang-1 （Ad-Ang-1）. Cells transfected transiently with adenovirus-green fluorescent protein （Ad-GFP） and untransfected cells were used as a negative and blank control group, respectively. The cell adhesion rate between cell and extracellular matrix （ECM） was determined by cell adhesion assay. To investigate whether Ang-1 could reinforce gastric carcinoma metastasis, we performed migration and invasion assays in BGC-823 cells. The mRNA and protein expression of integrin β1, CD44V6, uPA and MMP-2 were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of integrin β1 and CD44V6 was measured by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： BGC-823 cells were transfected successfully. The adhesion rate increased significantly in the Ad-Ang-1 group （P 〈 0.05）. The Ad-Ang-1-transfected group had a significant increase in migration and invasion compared with that of the mock-transfected and Ad-GFP groups. The mRNA and protein expression of integrin β1, CD44V6, uPA and MMP-2 in the Ad- Ang-1 group was higher than that in the Ad-GFP and blank control groups （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with mocktransfected and Ad-GFP groups, integrin 131 and CD44V6 expression intensity greatly increased （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Transfection of Ang-1 into human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 can significantly increase expression of integrin β1 and CD44V6, by which cell adhesion and metastasis to the ECM are promoted.

Increased expression of angiogenin in gastric carcinoma in correlation with tumor angiogenesis and proliferation

AIM： To investigate the implication of angiogenin （ANG） in the neovascularizaton and growth of human gastric carcinoma （HGC）. METHODS： ANG mRNA expression in HGC specimens obtained by surgical resection from patients with HGC were examined by RT-PCR. ANG, Ki-67, VEGF protein expression and microvessel density （MVD） in HGC specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： RT-PCR showed significantly higher ANG mRNA expression （0.482 ± 0.094） in HGC tissues than in the surrounding nontumorous tissues （0.276 ±0.019, P = 0.03）. MVD within tumorous tissues increased significantly with ANG mRNA expression （r = 0.380, P = 0.001） and ANG protein expression （P 〈 0.01）. The ANG expression levels of cancer tissues were positively correlated with VEGF （P 〈 0.01） and the proliferation index of cancer cells （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： ANG is one of the neovascularization factors of HGC. ANG may work in coordination with VEGF, and promote the proliferation of HGC cells.

Plasma erythropoietin levels in anaemic and non-anaemic patients with chronic liver diseases

AIM: To investigate the serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels in patients with chronic liver diseases and to compare to subjects with iron-deficiency anaemia and healthy controls.METHODS: We examined 31 anaemic (ALC) and 22 non-anaemic (NALC) cirrhotic patients, 21 non-anaemic subjects with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 24 patients with iron-deficiency anaemia (ID) and 15 healthy controls. Circulating Epo levels (ELISA; R&D Systems, Europe Ltd, Abingdon,UK) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration were determined in all subjects.RESULTS: Mean±SD of Epo values was 26.9±10.8 mU/mL in ALC patients, 12.5±8.0 mU/mL in NALC subjects,11.6±6.3 mU/mL in CAH patients, 56.4±12.7 mU/mL in the cases of ID and 9.3±2.6 mU/mL in controls. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in Epo levels between controls, CAH and NALC patients. ALC individuals had higher Epo levels (P<0.01) than these groups whereas ID subjects had even higher levels (P<0.001) than patients suffering from ALC.CONCLUSION: Increased Epo values in cirrhotics, are only detectable when haemoglobin was lesser than 12 g/dL.Nevertheless, this rise in value is lower than that observed in anaemic patients with iron-deficiency and appears blunted and inadequate in comparison to the degree of anaemia.

Anemia after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:Long-term follow-up observational study

AIM:To identify the incidence and etiology of anemia after gastrectomy in patients with long-term follow-up after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer.METHODS:The medical records of those patients with early gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent curative gastrectomy between January 2006 and October 2007 were reviewed.Patients with anemia in the preoperative workup,cancer recurrence,undergoing systemic chemotherapy,with other medical conditions that can cause anemia,or treated during follow up with red cell transfusions or supplements for anemia were excluded.Anemia was defined by World Health Organization criteria(Hb < 12 g/dL in women and < 13 g/dL in men).Iron deficiency was defined as serum ferritin < 20 g/dL.Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum vitamin B 12 < 200 pg/mL.Iron deficiency anemia was defined as anemia with concomitant iron deficiency.Anemia from vitamin B 12 deficiency was defined as megaloblastic anemia(mean cell volume > 100 fL) with vitamin B 12 deficiency.The profile of anemia over 48 mo of follow-up was analyzed.RESULTS:One hundred sixty-one patients with gastrectomy for early gastric cancer were analyzed.The incidence of anemia was 24.5% at 3 mo after surgery and increased up to 37.1% at 48 mo after surgery.The incidence of iron deficiency anemia increased during the follow up and became the major cause of anemia at 48 mo after surgery.Anemia of chronic disease and megaloblastic anemia were uncommon.The incidence of anemia in female patients was significantly higher than in male patients at 12(40.0% vs 22.0%,P = 0.033),24(45.0% vs 25.0%,P = 0.023),36(55.0% vs 28.0%,P = 0.004),and 48 mo(52.0% vs 31.0%,P = 0.022) after surgery.Patients with total gastrectomy showed significantly higher incidence of anemia than patients with subtotal gastrectomy at 48 mo after surgery(60.7% vs 31.3%,P = 0.008).The incidence of iron deficiency was significantly higher in female patients than in male patients at 6(35.4% vs 13.3%,P = 0.002),12(45.8% vs 16.8%,P < 0.001),18(52.1% vs 22.3%,P < 0.001),24(60.4% vs 20.9%,P < 0.001),36(62.5% vs 29.2%,P < 0.001),and 48 mo(66.7% vs 34.7%,P = 0.001) after surgery.CONCLUSION:Anemia was frequent after gastrectomy for early gastric cancer,with iron deficiency being the major cause.Evaluation for anemia including iron status should be performed after gastrectomy and appropriate iron replacement should be considered.

Spectrum of anemia associated with chronic liver disease

Anemia of diverse etiology is a common complication of chronic liver diseases. The causes of anemia include acute or chronic gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension. Severe hepatocellular disease predisposes to hemorrhage because of impaired blood coagulation caused by deficiency of blood coagulation factors synthesized by hepatocytes, and/or thrombocytopenia. Aplastic anemia, which is characterized by pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow, may follow the development of hepatitis. Its presentation includes progressive anemia and hemorrhagic manifestations. Hematological complications of combination therapy for chronic viral hepatitis include clinically signif icant anemia, secondary to treatment with ribavirin and/or interferon. Ribavirininduced hemolysis can be reversed by reducing the dose of the drug or discontinuing it altogether. Interferons may contribute to anemia by inducing bone marrow suppression. Alcohol ingestion is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and may contribute to associated anemia. In patients with chronic liver disease, anemia may be exacerbated by defi ciency of folic acid and/or vitamin B12 that can occur secondary to inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption.

Stimulating erythropoiesis in inflammatory bowel disease associated anemia

Anemia is a frequent complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and is associated with decreased quality of life and increased rate of hospitalization. The primary therapeutic targets of IBD- associated anemia are iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease. An important prognostic parameter of the success or failure of therapy is the outcome of the underlying disease. Iron deficiency should be appropriately managed with iron supplementation. However, the use of oral iron therapy is limited by several problems, the most important being gastrointestinal side effects leading occasionally to disease relapse and poor iron absorption. Intravenous iron preparations are more reliable, with iron sucrose demonstrating the best efficacy and tolerability. Treatment with erythropoietin or darbepoetin has been proven to be effective in patients with anemia, who fail to respond to intravenous iron. Patients with ongoing inflammation have anemia of chronic disease and may require combination therapy comprising of intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin. After initiating treatment, careful monitoring of hemoglobin levels and iron parameters is needed in order to avoid recurrence of anemia. In conclusion, anemia in the setting of IBD should be aggressively diagnosed, investigated, and treated. Future studies should define the optimal dose and schedule of intravenous iron supplementation and appropriate erythropoietin therapy in these patients.