New LCA Approach with Fuzzy Evaluation

A quantitative and comprehensive method of product life cycle assessment(LCA) with fuzzy theory is developed, which will help designers to select the optimum design scheme for product life cycle design(LCD). Based on the theory of multiple attribute decision making, an algorithm of comprehensive and comparative evaluation for product environmental adaptability is presented. A program is built and used in an example of design improvement. The result shows that the proposed method and algorithm are practical and effective to the development of green products.

对袁寒云"盗二骏"和"被通缉"的澄清

'袁二公子'寒云,虽然集邮历史不长,'疾风迅雨而来,烟消瓦解而去'(周今觉语),但在中国集邮史上写下独特的一笔,至今还常为集邮界提及。他因讽谏其父袁世凯称帝,且才华横溢,落拓不羁,故为人称道。但在一篇介绍《昭陵六骏》邮票背景的文章中,称袁寒云为盗运六骏中之二骏至美国的主谋。此外。

Optimizing Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment in the Production-Oriented Approach:A Dialectical Research

Teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)aims to address the challenges of responding to students’work in the Production-Oriented Approach:low efficiency and poor effectiveness.As part of a bigger project carried out in a Chinese university over a period of three years,the present study explored how the teacher prepared and implemented TSCA in class,especially with a focus on how she determined the assessing objective and worked collaboratively with her students in class to achieve it,using the students’written and translated texts as examples.By adopting the dialectical research(DR)method,this paper collected qualitative data such as teaching plans,classroom recordings,and reflective journals of the teacher-researcher(the author),along with students’written drafts and translated texts.TSCA theory and classroom practice have been refined simultaneously by means of putting theory into practice and reflecting upon it.The optimized pre-class and in-class procedures may shed some light on applying TSCA to L2 classrooms.

Remote Sensing of Ecosystem Services:An Opportunity for Spatially Explicit Assessment

Ecosystem service is an emerging concept that grows to be a hot research area in ecology.Spatially explicit ecosystem service values are important for ecosystem service management.However,it is difficult to quantify ecosystem services.Remote sensing provides images covering Earth surface,which by nature are spatially explicit.Thus,remote sensing can be useful for quantitative assessment of ecosystem services.This paper reviews spatially explicit ecosystem service studies conducted in ecology and remote sensing in order to find out how remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment.Several important areas considered include land cover,biodiversity,and carbon,water and soil related ecosystem services.We found that remote sensing can be used for ecosystem service assessment in three different ways:direct monitoring,indirect monitoring,and combined use with ecosystem models.Some plant and water related ecosystem services can be directly monitored by remote sensing.Most commonly,remote sensing can provide surrogate information on plant and soil characteristics in an ecosystem.For ecosystem process related ecosystem services,remote sensing can help measure spatially explicit parameters.We conclude that acquiring good in-situ measurements and selecting appropriate remote sensor data in terms of resolution are critical for accurate assessment of ecosystem services.

Study on the evaluation system for the cleaner production of the mine

It is important to establish the evaluation system of the cleaner production of the mining enterprise, which canprovide the technical support and guidance for the cleaner production evaluation and facilitating the promotion ofcleaner productive techniques so as to realize the integration of economic development and environmental protection.This paper, according to the characteristic of mining and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), establishes the evaluationindex system, puts forward the overall quantitative evaluation method based on Fuzzy Mathematics and the experts’experience, and establishes the evaluation system of cleaner production. The main problems in cleaner production of themine are analyzed by calculation, and some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed.

Performance evaluation methods and instrumentation for mine ventilation fans

Ventilation fans are one of the most important pieces of equipment in coal mines. Their performance plays an important role in the safety of staff and production. Given the actual requirements of coal mine production,we instituted a research project on the measurement methods of key performance parameters such as wind pressure,amount of ventilation and power. At the end a virtual instrument for mine ventilation fans performance evaluation was developed using a USB interface. The practical performance and analytical results of our experiments show that it is feasible,reliable and effective to use the proposed instrumentation for mine ventilation performance evaluation.

Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from and the Economic Efficiency of the ＂Hita City Biomass Recycle Center＂

Many biomass recycling facilities have been established in Japan, but its environmental efficiencies have been studied little. MIC has stated that these facilities do not work as well as expected. The environmental and economic efficiencies ofa biomass recycling center （representative of other recycling facilities） in Hita city are assessed here. The center was built to decrease the amount of waste needing to be disposed of, and is unusual in that it generates electricity using the methane produced. Electricity produced from biomass sells at a higher price than electricity sold by electricity companies in Japan, and this strongly affects the recycling center operation. The environmental efficiency of the recycling center was assessed using a lifecycle assessment method, and the economic efficiency was assessed from the amounts of greenhouse gases emitted and the running costs. As the result, it was clear that the recycling center emits about 20% of the greenhouse gases that were previously emitted. Treating biomass at the recycling center costs 1,356 yen per ton of biomass throughout the year. In conclusion, the recycling center decreases the environmental footprint of Hita city. The cost of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions is about 1,400 yen per ton of biomass.

Evaluation of the Life Cycle and Comparison of the Waste Management Treatment with Tyre by Life Cycle Assessment

Assessment of the life cycle （LCA--life cycle assessment） of a product, service or technology is one of the most important tools of environmental policy. This method is assumed to be a perspective voluntary instrument for implementation of sustainable development and allows us to assess both the demand for energy and raw materials, as well as the impacts on human life and on the life of ecosystems in the representative phases of product existence. The main objective of the article is presentation of the LCA method application on the standard car tyre which focuses on the impacts of the whole life cycle of tyre, individual phases in life cycle and especially comparison of different methods of treatment with used waste car tyres （cement works, pyrolysis, recycling） with different transport distance. The results were evaluated by elementary flows and impact assessment. Dominative phase in the life cycle of car tyre is extraction of raw materials. The technologies for waste car tyre treatment are comparable in environemntal impacts. The software GaBi 4 Professional and methodology CML 2001 for impact assessment were used.

Changes in Argumentation Performance:Effects of Teacher-Student Collaborative Assessment

This paper compares the effectiveness of one-semester-long instruction of teacher-student collaborative assessment(TSCA)and trained peer review assessment(TPRA).Dependent variables include occurrence of structural elements of the simplified Toulmin model,and improvement of argumentation substance which refers to the quality of reasoning reflected in Toulmin structural elements.Eighty-one sophomore English majors from TSCA group(n=41)and TPRA group(n=40)were asked to construct two argumentative essays at both the beginning and the end of the semester.The results reveal that the TSCA group produced significantly more counterargument claims and rebuttal data.Additionally,the TSCA group significantly outperformed TPRA group in constructing stronger counterargument claim,rebuttal claim and rebuttal data.

Preliminary study on road-region ecosystem stability evaluation

A scientific and rational evaluation on road-region ecosystem stability is the premise to properly deal with the relationship between highway constructing and ecological environment protecting to a sustainable development. Based on the connotative meaning and the procedure of evaluation on road-region ecosystem stability, this paper studied the principles and the method on determining the evaluation index system on road-region ecosystem stability. It put forward an index system for assessing road-region ecosystem stability as a reference. On the basis of detailed analyze of the multidimensional space of road-region ecosystem, a new multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method for road-region ecosystem stability is presented and a calculation tormula for multi-objective comprehensive level of road-region ecosystem stability. This method was used to evaluate road-region ecosystem stability of Lin-Chang highway. This method possessed definite theoretical value and reliability in practice.

A Research on Evaluation System of Enterprise Logistics Management Maturity

Comprehensive measure and objectively reflect the maturity of enterprise logistics management is an important topic in business management. This paper, based on fuzzy evaluation method, constructs the evaluation index system of enterprise logistics management maturity, takes production-oriented enterprises for example, and explores the establishment of enterprise logistics management maturity evaluation system.

Geobiological approach to evaluating marine carbonate source rocks of hydrocarbon

Evaluating the pre-Jurassic marine source rocks in China has been difficult because these rocks are generally too highor over-maturated for most traditional methods to work.As to the remaining parameter TOC (%),its lower limit for recognizing the carbonate source rocks in China has been in dispute.Nineteen Phanerozoic sections in the Middle-Upper Yangtze Platform and the Guizhou-Hunan-Guangxi Basin have been studied in search for a different approach to complementing the traditional evaluation method for these source rocks.We have applied a geobiological approach to tracing the organic carbon (OC) output and accumulation from the living stage (primary productivity) to the post-mortem deposited remains,and finally to the preserved burial organics.Four biological and geological parameters are employed to represent the OC of the three stages.A series of proxies of these parameters are discussed and integrated to establish a geobiological evaluation system independent of TOC and other traditional methods.Here we use the Guangyuan section in Sichuan as an example for the geobiological evaluation.Our results indicate that in the argillaceous rocks,the geobiological parameters show the qualified source rocks in accordance with high TOC values;but in the carbonates,the good source rocks delineated by the geobiological parameters have a wide range of TOC,from 0.03% to 1.59%,mostly<0.3%.We suggest that it is still premature to set TOC=0.3% or 0.5% as the lower limit for the pre-Jurassic carbonate source rocks in South China.

Emergy footprint evaluation of hydropower projects

In the past thirty years, various hydropower projects, some with a dam height of over 300 m, have been planned and constructed within China. It is inevitable that these will have sizable effects on the environment, and it is crucial therefore to reasonably evaluate and control adverse effects. In this paper, the transformities of various items for hydropower projects were systematically analyzed, and an emergy footprint model for the projects was developed based on ecological footprint analyses and emergy theory, so that it can quantitatively evaluate the effects on the environment, both positive and negative, resulting from the whole process of planning, constructing and operating the projects. As an example, the effects of a large-scale hydropower project, the 'LP project', were investigated. The results showed that the hydropower projects have strong positive effects on the environment and can even in the short term balance the emergy footprint appropriation resulting from the construction and operation of the hydropower projects. Finally, suggestions were presented for the design of hydropower projects.