马尾松细柄阿丁枫混交林生长效应研究

针对马尾松纯林存在着树种单纯、林分质量低、生物多样性下降、美学效果差、森林火灾风险大、生态功能等级低等系列问题,在马尾松林冠下套种细柄阿丁枫进行林相改造试验,结果表明:套种后形成的异域龄复层混交林,林木生长良好,三种不同密度的混交林马尾松的平均胸径分别是纯林的151.20%、134.25%、125.64%,树高生长分别是纯林的124.74%、109.28%、108.25%,单株材积分别是纯林的266.81%、189.34%、165.48%;细柄阿丁枫的平均胸径分别达到13.92cm、10.80cm、11.40cm,平均年生长分别达0.77cm、0.680cm、0.63cm;平均树高平均树高分别达11.7m、11.7m、11.8m,平均年生长达0.65m、0.65m、0.66m;单株平均蓄积达0.0912、0.0559、0.0608m3。

Growth and corrosion behaviors of thin anodic alumina membrane on AA5083 Al-Mg alloy in incalescent medium

A self-ordered porous film was fabricated on aluminum alloy in a ternary boric-sulfuric-oxalic acid electrolyte system. By means of voltage–time response, the oxidation process as well as the growth efficiency was studied. Field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM） was adopted to reveal the morphological and microstructural features of as-fabricated oxide layers. The corrosion protection properties of the films were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The results showed that increasing the concentration of the double ionic layer located at the oxide interface could accelerate the film growth rate. The anodic oxidative layer with thickness of 8-9 μm and pore diameter of 10-14 nm maintains the pattern and topography of workpieces, compared with the overall closed film with hierarchical structure. Both samples exhibited much lower corrosion current density after boil water sealing. Meanwhile, a superior stability could be achieved through raising the ambient temperature.

Effects of Probiotics on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Cherry Valley Ducks

In order to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth performance, blood biochemical indexes and economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks, different probiotics were added into the feed of Cherry Valley ducks. Total 240 1-d-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1 control group and 3 treatment groups. There were 3 replicates for each group and there were 20 ducks for each replicate. The ducks in the control group were fed the basal diet, and the ducks in the 3 treatment groups were fed the basal diet added with Lactobacillus, Bacillus natto and florfenicol, respectively. The test lasted for 42 d. The results showed that the addition of Lactobacillus and Bacillus natto could improve the average daily weight gain and final average weight （P〈0.05） of Cherry Valley ducks, and reduce the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ac- tivity, alkaline phosphatase activity and serum urinary nitrogen content in duck blood （P〈0.05） and reduce the creatinine content and total cholesterol content in Cherry Valley ducks （P〉0.05）; at the same time, adding probiotics to feed could also in- crease the grass economic benefits of Cherry Valley ducks. In overall, the effects of adding probiotics were better than those of adding antibiotic.

Study on Application of Microbial Ecological Agents, Replacements for Antibiotics, in Weaned Piglet Production

In order to investigate the appIication effects of microbial ecoIogical agents as repIacements for antibiotics in weaned pigIets, a total of 120 28 d oId healthy Duroc ＆#215;Landrace ＆#215;Large White weaned pigIets with simiIar bogy weights and body fats and cIose birth dates were seIected. They were randomIy divided into three groups, incIuding controI group （CK）, antibiotic group （A） and microbial ecoIogical agent group （MEA）. The growth performance, health status and economic benefits of the weaned pigIets were measured. The resuIts showed that the A and MEA groups couId better enhance the immunity of weaned pigIets and improve the economic benefits in the whoIe experimental period compared to the CK group （P〈0.01）. How-ever, there were no significant differences in pigIet immunity and economic benefits between the A and MEA groups （P〉0.05）. It is indicated that the Rujunbao, a mi-crobial ecoIogical agent, can be promoted in weaned pigIet production as a repIace-ment for antibiotic.

Effects of Brown Fish Meal Replacement with Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.

Effects of Stocking Density on Water Quality,Growth and Economic Benefits of Chinese Softshelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis in Ponds

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis is a high-valued freshwater species cultured in China.This study investigated the effects of stocking density on water quality,growth performance and economic return of Pelodiscus sinensis cultured in ponds.P.sinensis were stocked at densities of 1 ind./m^2(LD:low stocking density) and 2 ind./m^2(HD:high stocking density) in 3 000-m^2 ponds,with three replicate ponds for each density.P.sinensis juveniles were fed with a commercial dry pellet feed of 46% crude protein and minced fillet of silver carp ans cultured for 122 days.The results showed that the levels of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorous(TP),Chlorophyll-a(Chl.a) and turbidity in LD treatment were significantly lower than those in HD treatment(P<0.05).The mean TN and TP concentration in LD treatment was 29.3% and 35.7% lower compared to the HD treatment at the end of the experiment,respectively.Mean survival rates,final weight,average growth rates and PER were significantly higher in LD treatment compared with the HD treatment(P<0.05),respectively.Production was significantly affected by stocking density,which was higher in HD treatment,but the net income was higher in LD treatment.The results suggest that turtles with mean weight 55.6 g rearing at a low stocking density(1 ind./m^2) in ponds had a positive effect on overall economic return and was effective at improving turtle growth performance and water quality.

Thermal Activation of the Combustion Chamber of a Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine

The dominant feature of the work of many specialists on the design of the internal combustion engine is to achieve the possible lowest fuel consumption, which is the most convenient measure of the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. From the very beginning of this heat machine, there are many of solutions that are better or worse fit to the global development trend. In this paper, the authors suggest the possibility closer to the optimal solution by introducing structural active zones, where the task is instantaneous(during one cycle) heat transfer to the skin layer on elements of the combustion chamber and to transfer part of the recovered heat to the next cycle, reaching a growth effect of the useful efficiency by 10% to 20%. The solution is different from the ones used by the fact that it is only partially insulating barrier, and the main goal is focused on supporting the next thermal cycle by which it is possible to affect as mentioned above. This paper describes the idea of the functioning of the active combustion chamber and pointed out the technical capabilities of its creation.