培育班级文化的生长机能

班级文化建设是班主任工作的核心,班级文化是一个孕育、生长的过程,对于低年级来说,培育起班级文化的生长机能尤为重要。笔者通过运行"争当服务小明星"管理机制、建立"手拉手共进步"互助团队、发现问题发动学生群体求解、建构班级学生综合素养发展性评价体系等策略,培育了自主管理、团结向上、向善向美、和谐发展的班级文化生长机能。

加味参苓白术散联合益生菌对羔羊消化及免疫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究加味参苓白术散联合益生菌制剂对断奶羔羊消化和免疫机能的影响。选择某中等规模化羊场的50日龄、体重相近、健康的断奶羔羊40只,随机分成4组,每组10只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮中按0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的比例添加加味参苓白术散联合益生菌制剂,预饲期10 d,试验期30 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,断奶羔羊日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%加味参苓白术散联合益生菌制剂,平均日增重较对照组分别增加了18.62%、36.15%、20.81%,试验Ⅱ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),血清中的IgG、IgA、白细胞介素2(IL-2)均有所增加,试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,加味参苓白术散联合益生菌制剂试验Ⅱ组在提高断奶羔羊的消化机能、生长机能和免疫机能方面效果更佳。

《饲料脂肪水平对南美白对虾生长及营养机能的影响》获第三届广西青年学术年会征文二等奖

由广西壮族自治区科学技术协会、广西壮族自治区社会科学联合会和共青团广西壮族自治区委员会联合组织召开的“第三届广西青年学术年会”，共征集学术论文558篇，围绕年会的主题“广西青年学者的历史责任——实现富民兴桂新跨越”开展了全方位、

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and optical properties of La_2Sn_2O_7:Eu^(3+) micro-octahedra

Pyrochlore structure La2Sn2O7：Eu3＋ microcrystals with uniform octahedron shape were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal route at 180 °C for 36 h. The crystal structure, particle size, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and PL. The effects of pH of precursor solution, precursor concentration, reaction temperature, and time were investigated. The results reveal that pH of the precursor solution not only plays an important role in determining the phase of the as-synthesized products, but also has a significant influence on the morphologies of the samples. High-quality and uniform octahedrons with an average size of about 700 nm could be easily obtained at the pH value of 12. The possible formation mechanism of octahedral-like La2Sn2O7：Eu3＋ microcrystals was briefly proposed. The photoluminescence spectra show that La2Sn2O7：Eu3＋ micro-octahedra display stronger emission in the range of 582-592 nm compared with the samples with other shapes.

武汉地区不同等级医院3年用药动态分析

目的 :进一步了解武汉地区医院用药动态。方法 :将医院按等级划分 ,对 1999～ 2 0 0 1年医院用药情况进行统计分析。结果 :3年中购药金额呈逐年增长趋势 ,三级医院年增幅低于其它等级医院 ;水、热量、电解质平衡药 ,抗恶性肿瘤药 ,影响生长代谢机能药等用药量增加显著 ,抗感染药在其它等级医院中用药比例较高 ;质优价廉的国产药品用药比例逐年提高。结论 :医改政策的实施正在逐步取得成效 ,但目前尚未对医院药品消费产生重大影响。疗效确切、质优价廉的国产药市场前景广阔。

杜威的教材观:理论基础与实践应对

杜威的教材观是其全部教育理论体系的一个重要组成部分,该观点产生的理论基础是主观唯心主义经验论的哲学理论和机能主义生长论的心理学理论。探究杜威的教材观及其理论基础也是我国中小学教材编写的应然之意:教材编排应立足儿童认知发展特点;教材知识内容的选择要有利于儿童和社会的共同发展。

Glutamine and recombinant human growth hormone protect intestinal barrier function following portal hypertension surgery

AIM： To evaluate the effects of combined treatment of glutamine （Gln） and recombinant human growth hormone（rhGH） on intestinal barrier function following portal hypertension surgery. METHODS： This study was designed as a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trial. Forty two patients after portal hypertension surgery were randomly assigned into 2 groups： control group （n = 20） and supplemental group （adding Gin and rhGH, n = 22）. Every patient received isocaloric and isonitrogenous standard total parenteral nutrition （TPN） starting 3 d after surgery for 7 d. Blood samples were obtained before surgery and at the 3rd and 10th day postoperatively. Host immunity was evaluated by measuring levels of CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, IgG, IgM and IgA, and the inflammatory responses were determined by assessing IL-2, TNF-α and C-reactive protein （CRP） levels. Intestinal permeability and integrity was evaluated by L/M test and histological examination, respectively. RESULTS： On postoperative d 10, CD4, CD4/CD8, IgG and IL-2 levels in supplemental group were significantly higher than those in control group （33.7±5.5 vs 31.0 ± 5.4, P 〈 0.05, （1.17±0.32 vs 1.05 ± 0.15, P 〈 0.05, 13.94±1.09 vs 12.33±1.33, P 〈 0.05, and 368.12 ± 59.25 vs 318.12 ± 45.65, P 〈 0.05, respectively）, whereas the increase in serum TNF-α concentration was significantly reduced （41.02 ± 27.56 vs 160.09 ± 35.17, P 〈 0.05）. The increase in L/M ratio was significantly lower in the supplemental group than in the control group （0.0166 ± 0.0017 vs 0.0339 ± 0.0028, P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, mucosal integrity in the supplemental group was better than in the control group.CONCLUSION： Postoperative administration of TPN supplemented with Gin and rhGH in patients after portal hypertension surgery improves immune function, modulates inflammatory response, prevents the intestinal mucous membrane from atrophy and preserves intestinal integrity.

Grain growth and thermal stability of nanocrystalline Ni-TiO_2 composites

The grain growth and thermal stability of nanocrystalline Ni-TiO2composites were systematically investigated.Thenanocrystalline Ni-TiO2composites with different contents of TiO2were prepared via electroplating method with the variation ofTiO2nano-particles concentration.The effect of TiO2content on the grain size,phase structure and microhardness was investigatedin detail.The corresponding grain growth and diffusion mechanisms during the heating process were also discussed.The optimalmicrohardness of HV50270was achieved for the composite with addition of20g/L TiO2nano-particles after annealing at400°C for90min.The calculation of the activation energy indicated that lattice diffusion dominated at high temperatures for thenanocrystalline Ni-TiO2composites.It was indicated that the increase of TiO2nano-particles content took effect on restricting thegrain growth at high temperatures by increasing the grain growth activation energy.

Effect of Inorganic and Organic Based Fertilizers on Growth Performance of Tea and Cost Implications in Kusuku, Nigeria

A plot of 24 m × 10 m under fallow management after several years of cultivation to maize （Zea mays） was planted to tea （Camellia sinensis） cuttings at 1.0 m ×0.6 m and treated with or without fertilizer. The tea cuttings were applied NPK 25：5：5 （reference fertilizer）, cocoa husk, cow-dung, tea fluff and poultry droppings as manures, mixtures of the manures with urea in 3：1 ratio of N contents as organomineral and the control （no fertilizer）, monitored for growth performance for two years at Kusuku （6°50＇N; 11 °07＇E）, Nigeria. The organic based fertilizers generally outperformed NPK 25：5：5 and control in all the growth parameters. Organominerals resulted in an overall higher plant height, girth, number of leaves and branches compared to the manures in the first year of establishment, while the values were higher for manure treated plants in the second year. This trend was attributed to quicker release of nutrient by the organominerals in the first year, while the manures had undergone adequate decomposition for sufficient nutrient release to the advantage of the tea plants in the second year. However, comparative cost analysis showed that organominerals were more economical to achieve optimum tea production at minimum cost in the locality.

经典游戏理论综述

早期的经典游戏理论包括精力过剩说、娱乐放松说、种族复演说、生活准备说、成熟说、天赋本能论、机能快乐说以及生长论,这些理论试图从各自的角度解释游戏这一特有现象,由于深受达尔文进化论的影响普遍带有浓厚的生物学色彩,无法从真正意义上解释游戏的实质,不过却为之后更为成熟的现代游戏理论奠定基础。

Potentials of NPK and Organic Fertilizers on Growth Performance of Cashew （Anacardium occidentale L,） Seedlings on Degraded Typic Alfisol Soils in Ibadan, Nigeria

Sequel to complaints by cashew farmers on poor establishment rate of cashew seedlings on rehabilitated moribund cashew plantations in south western Nigeria, a fertilizer trial involving the use of organic materials （cow-dung, poultry droppings, cocoa and kola pod husks） compared to NPK and control （no fertilizer） treatments was conducted on the growth performance of cashew seedlings at Ibadan, Nigeria. The fertilizers were applied to supply 15 g N seedlingl in 3 replications. Cashew seedling growth parameters and dry matter yield were determined. Fertilizers resulted to consistently general higher plant height, girth, number of leaves and leaf area compared to NPK and control. The differences in the mean values were however not significantly different for girth but it was significant （P 〈 0.5） for plant height, number of leaves and leaf area, while there was no particular regular trend for plant number of branches. Plant root lengths were significantly higher using the organic fertilizers than NPK and control. Similar trend was obtained in the dry weight values for plant leaf, stem, root and total dry matter yield. There was however no consistent significant effect on NPK usage over control for all the parameters. It was therefore deduced that optimal growth performance and better establishment of cashew seedlings could be obtained with the use of organic fertilizers rather than inorganic fertilizer. The use of cocoa pod husk followed by cow-dung and poultry droppings were outstanding in better growth and dry matter yield performance of cashew seedlings and were advised for this purpose.

大蒜多糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

选取200只1日龄AA肉鸡苗,随机分成4组,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组、试验2组、试验3组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加0.4%、0.8%、1.2%大蒜多糖的日粮,试验为期6周,探讨大蒜多糖对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响。结果表明:添加不同浓度的大蒜多糖能够降低空肠和盲肠中大肠杆菌数量,能够提高空肠和盲肠中乳酸杆菌数量,大蒜多糖能够抑制大肠杆菌等有害菌,有利于有益菌乳酸杆菌的增殖,大蒜多糖能够调节肠道微生物区系,有利于肠道菌落平衡。综合各项指标,饲料里添加0.8%大蒜多糖相对效果较好。

ZnO whiskers growth on the surface of Sn9Zn/Cu solder joints in concentrator silicon solar cells solder layer

ZnO whiskers observation on the surface of SnZn/Cu solder joints in concentrator silicon solar cells solder layer is reported. In the experiment,SnZn/Cu samples are left in laboratory after reflow soldering for two years before an examination by SEM,then ZnO whiskers can be observed obviously,which grows out from the rich-Zn phase of the samples and causes electrical short circuit in the electronics appliances,which demonstrates that the SnZn solder shows a risk for the short circuiting failure of an electronic device. Moreover,the growth mechanism of ZnO whiskers is researched based on cracked oxide theory,which provides the reference support for SnZn solders application.

Supersaturation controlled growth of MAFAPbI3 perovskite film for high efficiency solar cells

Controlling the nucleation and growth of organic-inorganic hybrids perovskite is of key importance to improve the morphology and crystallinity of perovskite films. However, the growth mechanism of perovskite films based on classical crystallization theory is not fully understood. Here, we develop a supersaturation controlled strategy(SCS) to balance the nucleation and crystal growth speeds. By this strategy, we are able to find an ideal supersaturation region to realize a balance of nucleation and crystal growth, which yields highly crystallized perovskite films with micrometer-scale grains. Besides, we provide a thoughtful analysis of nucleation and growth based on the fabrication of the perovskite films. As a result, the highest photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies(PCE) of 19.70% and 20.31% are obtained for the planar and the meso-superstructured devices, respectively. This strategy sheds some light for understanding the film growth mechanism of high quality perovskite film, and it provides a facile strategy to fabricate high efficiency perovskite solar cells.

A possible mechanism for the formation of annual growth lines in bivalve shells

We report a unique shell margin that differed from the usual shell structure of Pinctada fucata.We observed empty organic envelopes in the prismatic layer and the formation of the nacreous layer in the shell margin.All the characteristics of the growing margin indicated that the shell was growing rapidly.To explain this anomaly,we propose the concept of "jumping development".During jumping development,the center of growth in the bivalve shell jumps forward over a short time interval when the position of the mantle changes.Jumping development explains the unusual structure of the anomalous shell and the development of annual growth lines in typical shells.Annual growth lines are the result of a discontinuity in the shell microstructure induced by jumping development.

Cathodic Zn underpotential deposition:an evitable degradation mechanism in aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are promising for large-scale energy storage,but their development is plagued by inadequate cycle life.Here,for the first time,we reveal an unusual phenomenon of cathodic underpotential deposition(UPD)of Zn,which is highly irreversible and considered the origin of the inferior cycling stability of AZIBs.Combining experimental and theoretical simulation approaches,we propose that the UPD process agrees with a two-dimensional nucleation and growth model,following a thermodynamically feasible mechanism.Furthermore,the universality of Zn UPD is identified in systems,including VO_(2)//Zn,TiO_(2)//Zn,and SnO_(2)//Zn.In practice,we propose and successfully implement removing cathodic Zn UPD and substantially mitigate the degradation of the battery by controlling the end-ofdischarge voltage.This work provides new insights into AZIBs degradation and brings the cathodic UPD behavior of rechargeable batteries into the limelight.