不同品种山羊与雷州山羊杂交一代生长发育研究

以波尔山羊、奴比山羊、隆林山羊为父本 ,雷州山羊为母本所生的杂种后代 (Bl、Nl、Ll) ,在体形外貌上继承了其父本羊的特性 ,改善了雷州山羊的肉用体型和生长速度。杂种羊的出生重显著或极显著地高于同期出生的雷州山羊纯繁后代。在粗放的放牧饲养管理条件下 ,杂种公母羊 2、4、6、8月龄的的体尺均超过同龄的雷州山羊。杂种羊 1至 8月龄的体重和日增重均显著或极显著地高于同条件下饲养的同龄雷州山羊。如果改善和提高相应的饲养管理条件和营养水平 ,波尔羊的优良肉用遗传特性将会得到更充分的体现。

不同氮水平对3种叶色生菜光谱吸收特性、生长发育及营养品质的影响

在温室条件下,探究氮营养对3种水培盆栽不同叶色生菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明,3种叶色生菜光合色素对光的选择性吸收规律基本相同,均在330~500nm及640~690nm波段有较大吸光度,在500~640nm及690~800nm吸光度较小,并在340nm,430nm,660nm处存在光吸收峰值。生物量积累方面,3种生菜叶绿素a含量基本与氮水平呈正相关,叶绿素b含量受氮水平影响不大。3种叶色生菜地上部鲜重都随着氮水平增加而提高。绿叶生菜和红叶生菜上部干重随着氮水平增加而稍有提高,紫叶生菜相反。绿叶生菜总酚含量随着氮水平提高显著降低,紫叶生菜和红叶生菜无显著变化。3种生菜类黄酮含量在不同氮水平下均无显著差异,花青素含量受氮水平影响不明显,红叶生菜〉紫叶生菜〉绿叶生菜。绿叶生菜和紫叶生菜可溶性糖含量随着氮水平提高稍有减少,而红叶生菜则有所增加。

不同时间套种对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]研究不同时间套种对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,为玉米适时早套,提高玉米产量提供参考。[方法]于5月15、20、25、30日和6月5日采用5个播期处理,麦套采用畦埂与套种行2种不同间距的套种方式,观察和测定不同播期玉米的展开叶数、可见叶、种子根数、次生根数、株高、地上部鲜重和干重以及产量。[结果]共生期间,不同播期玉米的展开叶数、可见叶、种子根数、次生根数播期早的均多于播期晚的,地上部鲜重和干重播期早的均重于播期晚的,株高播期早的高于播期晚的;同期播种的麦套玉米畦埂的多(或重或高)于套种行的;整个生育期,不同播期种子根和次生根无差异;而播期越晚叶片数越多、株高越高,产量5月25日套种最高,与单作玉米最高产量差异显著,但不极显著。[结论]玉米适时早套,麦收后立即中耕灭茬,适时追肥浇水,加强田间管理,能够取得较好的产量。

不同草原类型天然牧草生长发育气象条件分析

通过对内蒙古草原3种不同草原类型,牧草生长发育过程和气象条件关系的分析研究,得出:主要牧草各发育期所需≥0℃积温变幅值和天然牧草各生育期所需热量;牧草返青与黄枯期主要取决于温度状况,而与水分关系较小;利用前10天的平均气温可以判断某生长期的发育进程;牧草对水分的需求主要体现在生长盛期,在典型草原和荒漠区更为明显,适当的干旱可使牧草有早熟现象;牧草的产量主要取决于水热搭配状况,通常情况下水分是典型草原与荒漠草原牧草产量的限制因子,热量可成为草甸草原的限制因子。旬降水量草甸草原达40mm、典型草原达30mm、草原化荒漠达10mm,产量有明显增加。

西藏不同芜菁品种生长发育的分析比较

分别对采集于西藏拉萨市尼木县、山南市曲松县的2个地方芜菁品种苗期、肉质根膨大期和收获期3个生育时期的地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、株高、叶片长宽比、叶面积以及叶片叶绿素相对含量进行测定。结果表明,西藏不同芜菁品种不同生育时期的生长发育指标间均在一定程度上存在明显差异,其中拉萨市尼木县地方芜菁品种表现型较好,可进一步作为开发利用西藏芜菁种质资源的材料。

Effects of Different Intercropping Modes on Growth, Yields and Economic Benefit of Cassava and Peanut in Symbiotic Period

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of different intercropping modes on growth, yields and economic benefit of cassava and peanut in symbiotic period. [Method] With sole cropping of cassava （M1） and sole cropping of peanut （M2） as control groups, effects of intercropping of cassava with 1 row, 2 rows and 3 rows of peanut （M3, M4 and M5）on crop growth, yields and economic benefit were studied. [Result] Intercropping affected both growth and yields of cassava and peanut. Growth competition existed between cassava and peanut, and plant heights of cassava and peanut changed similarly. In late stages of intercropping, treatments M1, M2 and M5 showed higher plant heights under no nitrogen application, while treatment M3 and M4 exhibited higher plant heights under nitrogen application; intercropping improved leaf temperature, but no obvious law could be observed among different intercropping treatments; and intercropping improved total dry matter amount, which was the highest in M5 in root expanding stage and on the 30th day of the expanding stage, and the highest in M4 on the 60th day of the expanding stage. Intercropping reduced the yield of single plant, but improved the economic benefit of red upland soil; and under no nitrogen application and nitrogen application, cassava yields decreased by 25.35% and 14.55%, respectively, peanut yields decreased by 28.76% and 52.60%, respectively, while economic benefit increased by 72.90% and 56.82%, respectively. [Conclusion] Compared with sole cropping, interplanting cassava with 1 row, 2 rows or 3 rows of peanut could all improve economic benefit, and the economic benefit increased with number of rows of interplanted peanut increasing.

Effects of FCMP Compound Fertilizer on Development and Yield of Early Rice

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of FCMP compound fertilizer on growth, development and yield of early rice. [Method] Based on lower-graded phos- phate resource, effects of FCMP compound fertilizers on yield and growth of early rice in a field were researched. [Result] FCMP compound fertilizers 0, 1 and 2 en- hanced rice yield, increasing by 21.86%, 20.25% and 13.46%, compared with the rice applied with conventional fertilizer; number of productive ears and grain number per ear in unit area were improved by FCMP compound fertilizer, for example, the two factors achieved the highest with FCMP compound fertilizer 1, increasing by 11.70% and 19.63%. Furthermore, FCMP compound fertilizer promoted plant height and tiller number, maintained high photosynthetic efficiency, enhanced lodging-resis- tance and guaranteed stable and high yield. [Conclusion] The research is of theoret- ical and practical significance for further exploration of production techniques and application of FCMP compound fertilizer.

Research Advance on Sod Culture in Peach Orchard

Sod culture in peach orchards is an advanced soil management. The significances of sod culture in peach orchard are introduced, as well as the sod ways. The effects of sod culture in a peach orchard on soil, microclimate and growth and development of peach tree, and disease, pest and weed are reviewed. The problems in sod culture in peach orchard in China are summarized. Sod culture could increase soil fertility, improve soil physical properties, relieve soil temperature change, increase soil microbial growth and soil enzyme activity, improve microclimate and fruit quality, reduce physiological disease, insect pests and weeds.

柑桔缺硼的诊断与防治

硼是柑桔正常生长发育不可缺少的微量元素之一,它主要存在于分生组织和生殖器官中,促进花芽萌发和花器官生长发育,若树体缺硼,虽然繁花满树,结果却很少;同时,它还促进碳水化合物合成,促进新陈代谢,因而缺硼时,还会打乱碳水化合物代谢,导致根部生长受阻,并影响其它元素的吸收,进而影响根、枝、芽、叶和果实的生长生育。 柑桔对硼的需要量极微。

Developmental Changes of IGF-Ⅰ mRNA Expression Level in Sheep Muscle

[ Objective] To detect the mRNA of muscle insulin-like growth factorl （IGF-I） in the early development of Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, so as to provide information for the research about the early growth and development of sheep. [ Method] With real-time quan- titative PCR, the muscle IGF-I mRNA level was separately detected in two varieties of sheep at 2, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days old. Then the data was analyzed with SPSS software. [ Result] The IGF-I mRNA in sheep muscle first increased and then decreased with ages, peaking at 30 days old in Kazak sheep and at 60 days old in Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. The IGF-I expression level of Kazak sheep had no significant difference with Xinjiang fine-wool sheep at 2 or 90 days old （ P 〉0.05）, but was lower than that of the latter with extremely significant difference （ P 〈0.01 ） from 30 to 60 days old. [ Conclusion] The male Kazak sheep and Xinjiang fine-wool sheep have similar model of developmental changes of muscular IGF-I mRNA, but the expression level is different between these two species.

Study on Grafting and Cultivation of ‘Spartan'Blueberry

The results of grafting improvement and cultivation trials in the Yangtze River Delta of China showed that the rootstock cultivar had a great influence on plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＂Spartan＂ blueberry. Among the seven rootstock-scion combinations, the northern highbush blueberry （Vaccinium corymbosum） cultivar ＂Croaton＇-＇Spartan＇ combination showed well-healed graft unions, large branch amount, early fruit bearing, high yield, excellent fruit quality and almost no tillers. As a kind of rootstock, ＂Croaton＇ was better than non-grafted ＇Spartan＇ and the two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars ＇Premier＇ and ＇Gardenblue＇. The grafting pattern showed no significant stimulating effect on the plant growth and development, fruit yield and quality of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry in this area, but the overall performance of greenwood cleft grafting was better than that of inlaid bud grafting. Suitable rootstock cultivar and grafting pattern significantly improve plant arowth and development, fruit vield and aualitv of ＇Spartan＇ blueberry.

蘑菇生产的气象条件和对策研究

以漳州市蘑菇生产所需气象条件为例,通过对漳州蘑菇生产密切相关的温度、湿度等气象因子以及蘑菇生产中培养料发酵、蘑菇生长发育的两个主要培育阶段详细分析漳州蘑菇生产的气象条件和相应对策。

Comparative Study of Rice Morphogenesis with Different Cultivation Methods

[Objective] The aim of this study was to compare the morphological char- acteristics of rice （Oryza sativa L.） with different cultivation methods and investigate the dynamics of organ growth and development characteristics of different rice culti- vars. [Method] Based on continuous field observation and destructive sampling over a growing season, detailed organ morphological data were obtained including leaf length, node number, plant height, tiller number, leaf angle, leaf area and specific leaf weight, to compare organ morphological differences among 4 rice cultivars of Baidao （indica）, Jinnanfeng （japonica）, 9325 （japonica） and 9915 （japonica） with 3 cultivation methods of field planting in Weigang, pot planting in Weigang, and field planting in Jiangpu. [Result] Maximum leaf length of each node gradually increased at the early growth stage and decreased at the later growth stage, the relationship between maximum leaf length and node position can be described by the equations y=a,,-~ and y=ax＋b; node number, growth duration, leaf length and plant height of pot planting rice in Weigang were smaller than that of the other two field planting meth- ods; the relationship between plant height and sunshine duration, plant height and GDD （growing degree days） can be described by the equation y=ax＋b, 19.23 ℃.d of GDD （≥10 ≥-d） and 8.12 h of sunshine duration were required to increase 1 cm of plant height; plant height, tiller number, and leaf area of Baidao were higher than that of the other 3 laponica rice cultivars, but the specific leaf weight and leaf angle were smaller. [Conclusion] Comparison of morphological characteristic differ- ences among rice cultivars is an important way to select water-saving and drought- tolerant rice varieties. In this study, the experimental results can be integrated into a rice functional-architectural model to simulate rice organ growth dynamics in a three- dimensional space, thereby providing reference for selecting water-saving and drought-tolerant rice cultivars.

Coupled Effects of Soil Water and Nutrients on Growth and Yields of Maize Plants in a Semi-Arid Region

Interaction between soil water and nutrients plays an important role in sustainable crop management in semi-arid environments.On the basis of a field experiment conducted from 2000 to 2003,this study examined the coupled effects of irrigation and fertilizers on maize growth and yield in a semi-arid region of northeastern China.In terms of plant productivity,nitrogen fertilizer had the most significant effect followed by irrigation and phosphate levels.The combined application of nutrients and irrigation exerted a synergistic effect on the grain yield of maize plants.Regression analysis indicated that optimal levels of nitrogen and phosphate,in addition to adequate irrigation,could greatly improve the efficiency of grain production.Similarly,optimization of soil nutrient availability substantially increased water use efficiency.These suggested that for the most efficient and sustainable crop production,irrigation and nutrient management should be based on a quantitative understanding of water/nutrients interaction,particularly in semi-arid and arid regions.

Effect of Fertilization in Organic Nursery for Later Growth and Fruiting of Apple Trees in the Orchard

There is a deficiency of nurseries in the world producing fruit trees using the organic material management. However, such material has been produced since 2009 at the Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice. To stimulate plant growth, various biopreparations were applied in an organic nursery. Apple trees （＇Topaz＇/M26） obtained from the organic nursery were used to establish an orchard in 2011. One of the combinations in the orchard consisted of trees produced in a conventional nursery. Trees whose maidens had not been fertilized at all in the organic nursery served as the control. The study was conducted for four years （2011-2014）. The least vigorously growing trees were the control trees and those that had been treated in the nursery with the preparation Tytanit, and the most vigorously--those that had been treated there with manure and the biopreparations Micosat, Humus Active ＋ Aktywit PM, and BF Quality and BF Amin. Trees whose maidens had been produced by the conventional method did not differ, in terms of growth vigour, from those treated with the biopreparations Humus UP or Vinassa. The highest cumulative fruit yields from the four-year-old trees were obtained in the combinations where the maidens had been treated in the nursery with the biopreparations BF Amin and BF Quality. The type of fertilization applied to maiden trees in the nursery had no significant effect on mean fruit weight, but it influenced the distribution of fruit in size classes.

Seminal, adventitious and lateral root growth and physiological responses in rice to upland conditions

Understanding the growth and physiological responses of rice to upland conditions would be helpful for designing treatments to improve the tolerance of rice under a rainfed system. The objective of this study was to investigate the initiation,elongation and membrane stability of seminal, lateral and adventitious roots of upland rice after 9 d upland condition treatment. Compared with control roots under waterlogged conditions, upland water deficiency conditions favor seminal and lateral root growth over adventitious root growth by accelerating seminal root elongation, promoting lateral root initiation and elongation, and reducing the elongation and number of adventitious roots. Enhanced total root number and length resulted in increase of total root dry weight and thereby increasing the root to shoot ratio. Organic compound leakage from seminal root tips and adventitious roots increased progressively to some extent with upland culture duration, while significant increases in seminal root tips were the consequence of loss of membrane integrity caused by the upland condition enhanced growth.

Nitrogen/Ammonium Concentration Response of Vegetable and Flower Crops

Nitrogen （N） is the element with the greatest influence on the growth of vegetables and ornamentals, however, form of delivery, either as nitrate （NO3） or ammonium （NH4＋） has different effects on plant development. The NO3 is the main form of N that plants absorb, but when it is the only source of N that has slight effects on root growth, no effects over enzymatic activities, and stimulates the absorption and translocation of cations within the plant. The NH4＋ is the easiest way of assimilation but is highly toxic when the only source or with respect to the concentration of NO3 is too high. To avoid toxicity, the NH4＋ must not exceed 20% of the total N amount in the formulation, however, it is important to consider the species, variety and environmental conditions. The N as supplied also affects the resistance or susceptibility of plants to diseases, but depends on the species and the type of pathogen.