AIM:To evaluate the effects of growth hormone(GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor(IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3)and its receptors. METHODS:...AIM:To evaluate the effects of growth hormone(GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor(IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3)and its receptors. METHODS:Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups.The study group(n =10),received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH)at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group(n=10)received physiologic serum.Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift(PAS)and hematoxylin and eosin(HE) for light microscopy.They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities.Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HS- CORE. RESULTS:Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epitheliawere significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group.We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application.IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt,villous columnar cells,enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION:These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine.The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I.展开更多
Four experimental diets were fed to turbet to examine the effect of fish bydrolyside and ultra filtered fish hydrolysafe on growth performate feed utilization and growth regulation using diets low in dietary fish meal...Four experimental diets were fed to turbet to examine the effect of fish bydrolyside and ultra filtered fish hydrolysafe on growth performate feed utilization and growth regulation using diets low in dietary fish meal inclusion. Diets A, B contained 3.7%,1.2% fish hydrolysate to replace fish meal respectively and the fish hydrolysate in two diets was ultra filtered to keep low molecular weight compounds. The diets A,展开更多
Root growth has a fundamental role in nitrogen （N） use efficiency. Nevertheless, little is known about how modem breeding progress has affected root growth and its responses to N supply. The root and shoot growth of...Root growth has a fundamental role in nitrogen （N） use efficiency. Nevertheless, little is known about how modem breeding progress has affected root growth and its responses to N supply. The root and shoot growth of a core set of 11 representative Chinese maize （Zea mays L.） hybrids released between 1973 and 2009 were investigated under high N （4 mmol L^-1, HN） and low N （0.04 mmol L^-1, LN） levels in a solution culture system. Compared with LN, HN treatment decreased root dry weight （RDW）, the root： shoot ratio （R/S）, and the relative growth rate for root dry weight （RGRroot）, but increased the total root length （TRL） and the total lateral root length （LRL）. The total axial root length （ARL） per plant was reduced under HN, mostly in hybrids released before the 1990s. The number of seminal roots （SRN） was largely unaffected by different N levels. More recently released hybrids showed higher relative growth rates in the shoot under both HN and LN. However, the roots only showed increased RGR under HN treatment. Correspondingly, there was a positive linear relationship with the year of hybrid release for TRL, LRL and ARL under HN treatment. Together, these results suggest that while shoot growth of maize has improved, its root growth has only improved under high N conditions over the last 36 years of selective breeding in China. Improving root growth under LN conditions may be necessary to increase the N use efficiency of maize.展开更多
Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of g...Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of glomerutoscterosis, but whether SREBP-1 regulates its effects is unknown. In kidney mesangial cells and in vivo, TGFβI activates SREBP-1. This requires SCAPo SIP0 and PI3K/Akt signaling, but is independent of Smad3. Activation of the TGFβ1-responsive reporter plasmid p3TP-lux requires SREBP-la, but not SREBP-lc, binding to an E-box adjacent to a Smad-binding element. SREBP-la overexpression atone activates p3TP-tux. Smad3 is required for SREBP-la transcriptional activation and TGFβ induces association between the two transcription factors. SREBP-la K333 acetylation by the acetyltransferase CBP is required for Smad3 association and SREBP-1 transcriptional activity, and is also required for Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, both Smad3 and SREBP-la activation cooperatively regulate TGFβ transcriptional responses. SREBP-1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effects of growth hormone(GH) on the histology of small intestines which might be related to the role of insulin like growth factor(IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein 3(IGFBP-3)and its receptors. METHODS:Twelve week-old adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups.The study group(n =10),received recombinant human growth hormone (rGH)at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day subcutaneously for 14 d and the control group(n=10)received physiologic serum.Paraffin sections of jejunum were stained with periodic acid shift(PAS)and hematoxylin and eosin(HE) for light microscopy.They were also examined for IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-receptor immunoreactivities.Staining intensity was graded semi-quantitatively using the HS- CORE. RESULTS:Goblet cells and the cells in crypt epitheliawere significantly increased in the study group compared to that of the control group.We have demonstrated an increase of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 immunoreactivities in surface epithelium of the small intestine by GH application.IGF-I receptor immunoreactivities of crypt,villous columnar cells,enteroendocrine cells and muscularis mucosae were also more strongly positive in the study group compared to those of in the control group. CONCLUSION:These findings confirm the important trophic and protective role of GH in the homeostasis of the small intestine.The trophic effect is mediated by an increase in IGF-I synthesis in the small intestine, but the protective effect is not related to IGF-I.
文摘Four experimental diets were fed to turbet to examine the effect of fish bydrolyside and ultra filtered fish hydrolysafe on growth performate feed utilization and growth regulation using diets low in dietary fish meal inclusion. Diets A, B contained 3.7%,1.2% fish hydrolysate to replace fish meal respectively and the fish hydrolysate in two diets was ultra filtered to keep low molecular weight compounds. The diets A,
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB11860)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31071852 and 30821003)the Special Fund for Agriculture Profession (Grant No. 201103003)
文摘Root growth has a fundamental role in nitrogen （N） use efficiency. Nevertheless, little is known about how modem breeding progress has affected root growth and its responses to N supply. The root and shoot growth of a core set of 11 representative Chinese maize （Zea mays L.） hybrids released between 1973 and 2009 were investigated under high N （4 mmol L^-1, HN） and low N （0.04 mmol L^-1, LN） levels in a solution culture system. Compared with LN, HN treatment decreased root dry weight （RDW）, the root： shoot ratio （R/S）, and the relative growth rate for root dry weight （RGRroot）, but increased the total root length （TRL） and the total lateral root length （LRL）. The total axial root length （ARL） per plant was reduced under HN, mostly in hybrids released before the 1990s. The number of seminal roots （SRN） was largely unaffected by different N levels. More recently released hybrids showed higher relative growth rates in the shoot under both HN and LN. However, the roots only showed increased RGR under HN treatment. Correspondingly, there was a positive linear relationship with the year of hybrid release for TRL, LRL and ARL under HN treatment. Together, these results suggest that while shoot growth of maize has improved, its root growth has only improved under high N conditions over the last 36 years of selective breeding in China. Improving root growth under LN conditions may be necessary to increase the N use efficiency of maize.
文摘Glomerular matrix accumulation is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies showed that overexpression of the transcription factor SREBP-1 induces glomerutoscterosis. TGFI31 is a key profibrotic mediator of glomerutoscterosis, but whether SREBP-1 regulates its effects is unknown. In kidney mesangial cells and in vivo, TGFβI activates SREBP-1. This requires SCAPo SIP0 and PI3K/Akt signaling, but is independent of Smad3. Activation of the TGFβ1-responsive reporter plasmid p3TP-lux requires SREBP-la, but not SREBP-lc, binding to an E-box adjacent to a Smad-binding element. SREBP-la overexpression atone activates p3TP-tux. Smad3 is required for SREBP-la transcriptional activation and TGFβ induces association between the two transcription factors. SREBP-la K333 acetylation by the acetyltransferase CBP is required for Smad3 association and SREBP-1 transcriptional activity, and is also required for Smad3 transcriptional activity. Thus, both Smad3 and SREBP-la activation cooperatively regulate TGFβ transcriptional responses. SREBP-1 inhibition provides a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic kidney disease.
