AIM: To explore the relationship between small intestinalmotility and small intestinal bacteria overgrowth(SIBO) in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), andto investigate the effect of SIBO on the pathogenesisof NASH ...AIM: To explore the relationship between small intestinalmotility and small intestinal bacteria overgrowth(SIBO) in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), andto investigate the effect of SIBO on the pathogenesisof NASH in rats. The effect of cidomycin in alleviatingseverity of NASH is also studied. METHODS: Forty eight rats were randomly dividedinto NASH group (n = 16), cidomycin group (n = 16)and control group (n = 16). Then each group weresubdivided into small intestinal motility group (n = 8),bacteria group (n = 8) respectively. A semi-solid coloredmarker was used for monitoring small intestinal transit.The proximal small intestine was harvested under sterilecondition and processed for quantitation for aerobes(E. coli) and anaerobes (Lactobacilli). Liver pathologicscore was calculated to qualify the severity of hepatitis.Serum ALT, AST levels were detected to evaluate theseverity of hepatitis. RESULTS: Small intestinal transit was inhibited inNASH group (P < 0.01). Rats treated with cidomycinhad higher small intestine transit rate than rats in NASHgroup (P < 0.01). High fat diet resulted in quantitativealterations in the aerobes (E. coli ) but not in theanoerobics (Lactobacill). There was an increase in thenumber of E. coli in the proximal small intestinal florain NASH group than in control group (1.70 ± 0.12 log10(CFU/g) vs 1.28 ± 0.07 log10 (CFU/g), P < 0.01). TNF-αconcentration was significantly higher in NASH groupthan in control group (1.13 ± 0.15 mmol/L vs 0.57 ±0.09 mmol/L, P < 0.01). TNF-α concentration was lowerin cidomycin group than in NASH group (0.63 ± 0.09mmol/L vs 1.13 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P < 0.01). Treatmentwith cidomycin showed its effect by significantly loweringserum ALT, AST and TNF-α levels of NASH rats. CONCLUSION: SIBO may decrease small intestinalmovement in NASH rats. SIBO may be an importantpathogenesis of Nash. And treatment with cidomycin by mouth can alleviate the severity of NASH.展开更多
AIM： Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and it plays a role in stimulating the growth hormone secretion, food intake,body weight gain and gastric motility. Eradication of He...AIM： Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and it plays a role in stimulating the growth hormone secretion, food intake,body weight gain and gastric motility. Eradication of Helicobacterpylori （H pylon） was shown to be associated with increase of the body weight. On the other hand, Hpylori infection evokes the release of gastric IL-1β. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of the gastric IL-1 signal in the ghrelin dynamics in Hpyloricolonized mice.METHODS： Twelve-week-old female IL-l-receptor type 1-homozygous-knockout mice （IL-1R1^-/-） and their wild-type littermates （WT） were orally inoculated with H pylori （Hp group）, while other cohorts received oral inoculation of culture medium （Cont group）. Thirteen weeks after the inoculation, the mice were examined. The plasma and stomach ghrelin levels and the gastric preproghrelin mRNA were measured.RESULTS： Although the WT mice with Hpyloriinfection showed a significantly decreased body weight as compared with that of the animals without HpyloriinfecUon,Hpyloriinfection did not influence the body weight of the IL-1Rl-knockout （IL-1R1^-/-） mice. In the Hpylori-infected IL-1R1＋ mice, the total and active ghrelin levels in the plasma were significantly increased, and the gastric ghrelin level was decreased. No significant differences were noted in the gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression.CONCLUSION： Ghrelin secretion triggered by H pylori infection might be suppressed by IL-1β, the release of which is also induced by the infection, resulting in the body weight loss of mice with Hpyloriinfection.展开更多
Background： The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can als...Background： The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can also have negative effects on an athlete development. The purpose of this study was to determine gender, father involvement, and mother involvement differences in the psychological profiles of collegiate freshmen athletes as measured by perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Methods： Eighty-two male and 73 female collegiate freshmen responded to self-reported measures of family involvement, perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Three separate 2 x 2 x 2 （gender x mother involvement x father involvement） factorial multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVAs） were carried out on the respective subscales from the reported measures. Results： There were significant differences for gender as well as father involvement in perfectionism （p 〈 0.01）. Freshmen females had lower concern over mistakes, and greater levels of organization as well as planfulness than males. Furthermore, freshmen athletes with high involved fathers showed greater levels of high standards for others as well as organization. Conclusion： Father involvement and mother involvement impact perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. perspective. extends through the freshmen year in college as shown in the athletes＇ Future research should develop better measures and utilize a family systems Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved展开更多
Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues from Brassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3 encoded proteins contai...Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues from Brassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3 encoded proteins containing 640 and 635 amino acid residues, respectively, which shared 97.5% identities with each other and were highly homologous to Arabidopsis PIN1, PIN2 and other putative PIN proteins. BJPIN2 and BjPIN3 had similar structures as AtPIN proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin2 was expressed in stem, leaf and floral tissues, while Bjpin3 was expressed predominantly in stem and hypocotyls. Two promoter fragments of pin genes, Bjpin-X and Bjpin-Z, were isolated by 'genome walking' technique using primers at 5'-end of pin cDNA. Promoter-gus fusion studies revealed the GUS activities driven by Bjpin-X were at internal side of xylem and petal; while those driven by Bjpin-Z were detected at leaf vein, epidermal cell and cortex of stem, vascular tissues and anther. Results of the pin genes with different expression patterns in B. juncea suggested the presence of a gene family.展开更多
Micro- injury （exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD） will cause a temporary decline in muscle function, if not handled properly, it could cause more serious injury or overtraining, and even lead to the end of the at...Micro- injury （exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD） will cause a temporary decline in muscle function, if not handled properly, it could cause more serious injury or overtraining, and even lead to the end of the athletes ＇ sports life. However, some studies have shown that an appropriate period of eccentric exercise training resulted in EIMD while promoted heart muscle fiber hypertrophy and corresponding muscle growth faster than exercise training, and there are the typical ＂ repetitive training effect＂ , ie after a period of the EIMD recovery, the muscle＇ s injury or delayed onset muscle soreness （DOMS） caused by the same movement is significantly reduced. So its deep study could help to guide the athlete to avoid or mitigate the negative effects which brought by EIMD, while could help to further clarify the process of the body to adapt to exercise training or mechanism.展开更多
It is hypothesized that steady anguilliform swimming motion of aquatic animals is purely reactive such that no net vortex wake is left downstream. This is versus carangiform and tunniform swimming of fish, where vorte...It is hypothesized that steady anguilliform swimming motion of aquatic animals is purely reactive such that no net vortex wake is left downstream. This is versus carangiform and tunniform swimming of fish, where vortex streams are shed from tail, fins, and body. But there the animal movements are such to produce partial vortex cancellation downstream in maximizing propulsive efficiency. In anguilliform swimming characteristic of the eel family, it is argued that the swimming motions are configured by the animal such that vortex shedding does not occur at all. However, the propulsive thrust in this case is higher order in the motion amplitude, so that relatively large coils are needed to produce relatively small thrust; the speeds of anguilliform swimmers are less than the carangiform and tunniforrn, which develop first order thrusts via lifting processes. Results of experimentation on live lamprey are compared to theoretical prediction which assumes the no-wake hypothesis. Two-dimensional analysis is first performed to set the concept. This is followed by three-dimensional analysis using slender-body theory. Slender-body theory has been applied by others in studying anguilliform swimming, as it is ideally suited to the geometry of the lamprey and other eel-like animals. The agreement between this new approach based on the hypothesis of wakeless swimming and the experiments is remarkably good in spite of the physical complexities.展开更多
In this paper, I continue the study of the mathematical models presented in [J. C. Larsen, Models of cancer growth, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 53（1-2） （2015） 613-645] and [J. C. Larsen, The bistability theorem in a mo...In this paper, I continue the study of the mathematical models presented in [J. C. Larsen, Models of cancer growth, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 53（1-2） （2015） 613-645] and [J. C. Larsen, The bistability theorem in a model of metastatic cancer, to appear in Appl. Math.]. I shall prove the bistability theorem for the ODE model from [Larsen, 2015]. It is a mass action kinetic system in the variables C cancer, GF growth factor and GI growth inhibitor. This theorem says that for some values of the parameters, there exist two positive singular points c＊＋ = （C＊＋, GF＊., GI＊＋）, c＊2- = （C＊-, GF＊, GI＊-） of the vector field. Here C＊- 〈 C＊＋ and e. is stable and c＊＋ is unstable, see Sec. 2. There is also a discrete model in [Larsen, 2015], it is a linear map （T） on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space with variables （C, GF, GI）, where these variables have the same meaning as in the ODE model above. In [Larsen, 2015], I showed that one can sometimes find attine vector fields on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space whose time one map is T. I shall also show this in the present paper in a more general setting than in [Larsen, 2015]. This enables me to find an expression for the rate of change of cancer growth on the coordinate hyperplane C = 0 in Euclidean vector space. I also present an ODE model of cancer metastasis with variables C, CM, CF,GI, where C is primary cancer and CM is metastatic cancer and GF, GI are growth factors and growth inhibitors, respectively.展开更多
This paper presents formulae and explanation about the growth of a convective gas bubble in the blood and other tissues of divers who surface too quickly, concentration distribution around the growing bubble is also p...This paper presents formulae and explanation about the growth of a convective gas bubble in the blood and other tissues of divers who surface too quickly, concentration distribution around the growing bubble is also presented. The formulae are valid all over the growth stages, i.e. under variable ambient pressure while the diver is ascending, and under constant ambient pressure at diving stops or at sea level. The mathematical model is solved analytically by using the method of combined variables. The growth process is affected by tissue diffusivity, concentration constant and the initial void fraction, which is the dominant parameter. Results show that, the time of the complete growth, in the convective growth model, is shorter than those earlier presented by Mohammadein and Mohamed [Concentration distribution around a growing gas bubble in tissue, Math. Biosci. 225（1） （2010） 11-17] and Srinivasan et al. [Mathematical models of diffusion- limited gas bubble dynamics in tissue, J. Appl. Physiol. 86 （1999） 732-741] for the growth of a stationary gas bubble, this explains the effect of bubble motion on consuming the oversaturated dissolved gas from the tissue into growing bubble which leads to increment in the growth rate to be more than those presented in the previous stationary models.展开更多
文摘AIM: To explore the relationship between small intestinalmotility and small intestinal bacteria overgrowth(SIBO) in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), andto investigate the effect of SIBO on the pathogenesisof NASH in rats. The effect of cidomycin in alleviatingseverity of NASH is also studied. METHODS: Forty eight rats were randomly dividedinto NASH group (n = 16), cidomycin group (n = 16)and control group (n = 16). Then each group weresubdivided into small intestinal motility group (n = 8),bacteria group (n = 8) respectively. A semi-solid coloredmarker was used for monitoring small intestinal transit.The proximal small intestine was harvested under sterilecondition and processed for quantitation for aerobes(E. coli) and anaerobes (Lactobacilli). Liver pathologicscore was calculated to qualify the severity of hepatitis.Serum ALT, AST levels were detected to evaluate theseverity of hepatitis. RESULTS: Small intestinal transit was inhibited inNASH group (P < 0.01). Rats treated with cidomycinhad higher small intestine transit rate than rats in NASHgroup (P < 0.01). High fat diet resulted in quantitativealterations in the aerobes (E. coli ) but not in theanoerobics (Lactobacill). There was an increase in thenumber of E. coli in the proximal small intestinal florain NASH group than in control group (1.70 ± 0.12 log10(CFU/g) vs 1.28 ± 0.07 log10 (CFU/g), P < 0.01). TNF-αconcentration was significantly higher in NASH groupthan in control group (1.13 ± 0.15 mmol/L vs 0.57 ±0.09 mmol/L, P < 0.01). TNF-α concentration was lowerin cidomycin group than in NASH group (0.63 ± 0.09mmol/L vs 1.13 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P < 0.01). Treatmentwith cidomycin showed its effect by significantly loweringserum ALT, AST and TNF-α levels of NASH rats. CONCLUSION: SIBO may decrease small intestinalmovement in NASH rats. SIBO may be an importantpathogenesis of Nash. And treatment with cidomycin by mouth can alleviate the severity of NASH.
基金Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C (2) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (15590686,to H.S.)a grant from the Keio University School of Medicine
文摘AIM： Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and it plays a role in stimulating the growth hormone secretion, food intake,body weight gain and gastric motility. Eradication of Helicobacterpylori （H pylon） was shown to be associated with increase of the body weight. On the other hand, Hpylori infection evokes the release of gastric IL-1β. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of the gastric IL-1 signal in the ghrelin dynamics in Hpyloricolonized mice.METHODS： Twelve-week-old female IL-l-receptor type 1-homozygous-knockout mice （IL-1R1^-/-） and their wild-type littermates （WT） were orally inoculated with H pylori （Hp group）, while other cohorts received oral inoculation of culture medium （Cont group）. Thirteen weeks after the inoculation, the mice were examined. The plasma and stomach ghrelin levels and the gastric preproghrelin mRNA were measured.RESULTS： Although the WT mice with Hpyloriinfection showed a significantly decreased body weight as compared with that of the animals without HpyloriinfecUon,Hpyloriinfection did not influence the body weight of the IL-1Rl-knockout （IL-1R1^-/-） mice. In the Hpylori-infected IL-1R1＋ mice, the total and active ghrelin levels in the plasma were significantly increased, and the gastric ghrelin level was decreased. No significant differences were noted in the gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression.CONCLUSION： Ghrelin secretion triggered by H pylori infection might be suppressed by IL-1β, the release of which is also induced by the infection, resulting in the body weight loss of mice with Hpyloriinfection.
文摘Background： The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can also have negative effects on an athlete development. The purpose of this study was to determine gender, father involvement, and mother involvement differences in the psychological profiles of collegiate freshmen athletes as measured by perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Methods： Eighty-two male and 73 female collegiate freshmen responded to self-reported measures of family involvement, perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Three separate 2 x 2 x 2 （gender x mother involvement x father involvement） factorial multivariate analysis of variance （MANOVAs） were carried out on the respective subscales from the reported measures. Results： There were significant differences for gender as well as father involvement in perfectionism （p 〈 0.01）. Freshmen females had lower concern over mistakes, and greater levels of organization as well as planfulness than males. Furthermore, freshmen athletes with high involved fathers showed greater levels of high standards for others as well as organization. Conclusion： Father involvement and mother involvement impact perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. perspective. extends through the freshmen year in college as shown in the athletes＇ Future research should develop better measures and utilize a family systems Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
基金Studies were supported by the National NaturalSciences Foundation of China (No. 30070073, 95-Yu-29-7) and State Key Project of Basic Research (No.G1999011604). We greatly thank Dr. K1aus Palme for providing the Atpinl nucleotide sequences.
文摘Based on the sequence information of Arabidopsis PIN1, two cDNAs encoding PIN homologues from Brassica juncea, Bjpin2 and Bjpin3, were isolated through cDNA library screening. Bjpin2 and Bjpin3 encoded proteins containing 640 and 635 amino acid residues, respectively, which shared 97.5% identities with each other and were highly homologous to Arabidopsis PIN1, PIN2 and other putative PIN proteins. BJPIN2 and BjPIN3 had similar structures as AtPIN proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin2 was expressed in stem, leaf and floral tissues, while Bjpin3 was expressed predominantly in stem and hypocotyls. Two promoter fragments of pin genes, Bjpin-X and Bjpin-Z, were isolated by 'genome walking' technique using primers at 5'-end of pin cDNA. Promoter-gus fusion studies revealed the GUS activities driven by Bjpin-X were at internal side of xylem and petal; while those driven by Bjpin-Z were detected at leaf vein, epidermal cell and cortex of stem, vascular tissues and anther. Results of the pin genes with different expression patterns in B. juncea suggested the presence of a gene family.
文摘Micro- injury （exercise-induced muscle damage, EIMD） will cause a temporary decline in muscle function, if not handled properly, it could cause more serious injury or overtraining, and even lead to the end of the athletes ＇ sports life. However, some studies have shown that an appropriate period of eccentric exercise training resulted in EIMD while promoted heart muscle fiber hypertrophy and corresponding muscle growth faster than exercise training, and there are the typical ＂ repetitive training effect＂ , ie after a period of the EIMD recovery, the muscle＇ s injury or delayed onset muscle soreness （DOMS） caused by the same movement is significantly reduced. So its deep study could help to guide the athlete to avoid or mitigate the negative effects which brought by EIMD, while could help to further clarify the process of the body to adapt to exercise training or mechanism.
文摘It is hypothesized that steady anguilliform swimming motion of aquatic animals is purely reactive such that no net vortex wake is left downstream. This is versus carangiform and tunniform swimming of fish, where vortex streams are shed from tail, fins, and body. But there the animal movements are such to produce partial vortex cancellation downstream in maximizing propulsive efficiency. In anguilliform swimming characteristic of the eel family, it is argued that the swimming motions are configured by the animal such that vortex shedding does not occur at all. However, the propulsive thrust in this case is higher order in the motion amplitude, so that relatively large coils are needed to produce relatively small thrust; the speeds of anguilliform swimmers are less than the carangiform and tunniforrn, which develop first order thrusts via lifting processes. Results of experimentation on live lamprey are compared to theoretical prediction which assumes the no-wake hypothesis. Two-dimensional analysis is first performed to set the concept. This is followed by three-dimensional analysis using slender-body theory. Slender-body theory has been applied by others in studying anguilliform swimming, as it is ideally suited to the geometry of the lamprey and other eel-like animals. The agreement between this new approach based on the hypothesis of wakeless swimming and the experiments is remarkably good in spite of the physical complexities.
文摘In this paper, I continue the study of the mathematical models presented in [J. C. Larsen, Models of cancer growth, J. Appl. Math. Comput. 53（1-2） （2015） 613-645] and [J. C. Larsen, The bistability theorem in a model of metastatic cancer, to appear in Appl. Math.]. I shall prove the bistability theorem for the ODE model from [Larsen, 2015]. It is a mass action kinetic system in the variables C cancer, GF growth factor and GI growth inhibitor. This theorem says that for some values of the parameters, there exist two positive singular points c＊＋ = （C＊＋, GF＊., GI＊＋）, c＊2- = （C＊-, GF＊, GI＊-） of the vector field. Here C＊- 〈 C＊＋ and e. is stable and c＊＋ is unstable, see Sec. 2. There is also a discrete model in [Larsen, 2015], it is a linear map （T） on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space with variables （C, GF, GI）, where these variables have the same meaning as in the ODE model above. In [Larsen, 2015], I showed that one can sometimes find attine vector fields on three-dimensional Euclidean vector space whose time one map is T. I shall also show this in the present paper in a more general setting than in [Larsen, 2015]. This enables me to find an expression for the rate of change of cancer growth on the coordinate hyperplane C = 0 in Euclidean vector space. I also present an ODE model of cancer metastasis with variables C, CM, CF,GI, where C is primary cancer and CM is metastatic cancer and GF, GI are growth factors and growth inhibitors, respectively.
文摘This paper presents formulae and explanation about the growth of a convective gas bubble in the blood and other tissues of divers who surface too quickly, concentration distribution around the growing bubble is also presented. The formulae are valid all over the growth stages, i.e. under variable ambient pressure while the diver is ascending, and under constant ambient pressure at diving stops or at sea level. The mathematical model is solved analytically by using the method of combined variables. The growth process is affected by tissue diffusivity, concentration constant and the initial void fraction, which is the dominant parameter. Results show that, the time of the complete growth, in the convective growth model, is shorter than those earlier presented by Mohammadein and Mohamed [Concentration distribution around a growing gas bubble in tissue, Math. Biosci. 225（1） （2010） 11-17] and Srinivasan et al. [Mathematical models of diffusion- limited gas bubble dynamics in tissue, J. Appl. Physiol. 86 （1999） 732-741] for the growth of a stationary gas bubble, this explains the effect of bubble motion on consuming the oversaturated dissolved gas from the tissue into growing bubble which leads to increment in the growth rate to be more than those presented in the previous stationary models.
